Download The Reconstruction (1865

The Reconstruction (1865-1877)
The U.S. government’s
controversial effort to restore
the Southern States to the
Union.
The War’s Aftermath!
2/3 Southern
Shipping in ruins
Cities, farms,
factories, homes
destroyed
4 million exslaves
Unemployment
was rampant
The Freedman’s Bureau
By Congress-March
1865 - 1869
Clothing, Medicine,
Meals to ex-slaves
250,000 plus
blacks received
first education at
bureau schools
The question of
land?
Bell Ringer – Sherman’s March
Why is this policy controversial?
Is total warfare and scorched earth
an option for warfare in the 21st
Century?
Three Reconstruction Plans
1. President Lincoln’s Plan
2. President Andrew Johnson’s Plan
3. The Republican Congress’s Plan
Which plan would the U.S. follow?
President Lincoln’s Plan
“Malice toward none” = lenient &
forgiving
Called the Ten Percent Plan
10% Voters in CSA states had to
re-pledge loyalty to Union
States had to write new
constitutions that abolished
slavery
Gave pardons to ex-Confederates
except for high-ranking officials
After these were complete, they
could hold elections and
participate in the Union again
Lincoln is Assassinated!
John Wilkes Booth,
an actor, originally
plotted to kidnap
Lincoln and others
Also targeted are VP
Andrew Johnson &
Sec. State William
H. Seward
April 14, 1865 at
Ford’s Theatre
Booth murders
Lincoln
Booth is later killed
near Port Royal, VA
4/10 coconspirators were
hanged
President Johnson’s Plan
He was a Democrat from TN, exSEN, VP; he took office when
Congress was out of session and
enacted his plan.
Southerners Pardoned
New State Constitutions without
Lincoln’s 10%
13th Amendment- abolished slavery
Amnesty to high-ranking CSA
officials who asked him personally
by letter
Lenient like Lincoln’s Plan
Johnson supported States’ Rights
which meant no vote for African
Americans. This angered Congress.
Radical or Congressional
Reconstruction
They wanted to punish the
Confederacy for the war =
harsh Reconstruction!
1866 Civil Rights Act
outlawed black codes
Thaddeus Stevens
Republicans favored full
House of Reps
equality for African
Americans
Johnson vetoed it and
Congress overrode it
Johnson and the Republican
Congress were now at odds!
Charles Sumner
Senate
President Johnson’s
Impeachment (1868)
Tenure of Office
Act (1867)
Johnson fired Sec.
War Stanton
Impeached for
“High Crimes and
Misdemeanors”
Saved by 1 vote!
The Reconstruction Act of 1867
(Radical Republican Plan)
Military Rule: South divided into 5 military
districts controlled by Union troops
States had to draft new constitutions
All eligible voters (blacks too) could vote
Barred ex-Confederates from voting
Equal rights to all citizens
States must ratify 14th Amendment –
Citizenship for ex-slaves.
Radical Military Districts
Bell Ringer – Three Reconstruction Plans
1. President Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstructing the
South was known as the ___ Percent Plan.
a. Two b. Ten c. Fifty d. Seventy-five
2. President Johnson’s plan required the Southern
States to ratify the ____ Amendment, which
abolished slavery.
a. 13th b. 14th c. 19th d. 27th
3. Who favored a harsh and punishing
Reconstruction plan for the South?
a. Lincoln
b. Johnson
c. Radical Republicans
d. Ex-Confederates
4. How many military districts was the South divided
into during Reconstruction?
a. 3
b. 5 c. 8
d. 11
The Elections of 1868 & 1872
Ulysses S. Grant
(Republican) defeated
Seymour (NY) in 68 and
Greely (NY) in 72 with
help from black voters.
Both terms marred by
political scandals that
damaged the
Republican Party’s
image!
President Grant
Spreading Terror!
The Ku Klux Klan (1865) was
the best-known hate group
Terrorized Blacks and White
Republicans
Force Act of 1870 helped curb
Klan practices for a time, but
gradually white Southerners
organized and used violence to
keep blacks from voting.
Whites gradually began to take
back state and local
governments as U.S. troop
levels were reduced in the
South.
15th Amendment (1870)
Last of Civil War
Amendments
No state could deny the
right to vote on basis of
race or color
Troops protected blacks
and they voted in mass!
Blanch K. Bruce (MS) in
1874 became first black
Senator
The Stolen Election of 1876
Voters grew tired of greed and
corruption in government
1876 Election saw Samuel Tilden (D)
win popular vote by 250,000 over
Rutherford B. Hayes (R)
SC, FL, LA Republican controlled and
they threw out enough Democratic
votes to give Hayes (185) victory over
Tilden (184)!
Both sides were dishonest, but each
claimed victory
They decided to form a 15-man
electoral commission (5 R, 5 D, 5 SC
Justices) to decide the winner.
How did they vote?
The Compromise of 1877
Ends Reconstruction!
The Commission ruled 8-7 in
favor of Hayes.
Both parties compromised:
Democrats would accept Hayes
if Republicans removed the rest
of the troops from the South and
appoint a conservative
Southerner to his cabinet.
Reconstruction ends and the
“Long Night” of racial
segregation begins for AfricanAmericans in the South.
The Effects of
Reconstruction
1.
2.
3.
4.
Successes
Union Restored
and South
repaired
South began to
industrialize
13th,14th, 15th
Amendments
Education for
Blacks and Poor
Whites
1.
2.
3.
4.
Failures
Blacks remained
poor; many were
sharecroppers
KKK and Jim Crow
Laws
Racism still
prevailed
South still lagged
behind North
economically
Bell Ringer – Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction
1. What organization created by Congress provided exslaves their first chance for school?
a. NAACP b. United Negro College Fund
c. Freedman’s Bureau
2. T or F: Lincoln favored a harsh Reconstruction plan
for the South.
3. Who was President Lincoln’s assassin?
a. John Wilkes Booth b. Charles Guiteau
c. Lee Harvey Oswald
4. All of the following were targeted for assassination
along with Lincoln except
a. Sec. of State Seward b. Sec. of War Stanton
c. Vice President Johnson
Bell Ringer – The End of Reconstruction
1. Most historians consider President Grant a(n)
________ president.
a. effective b. weak c. mean d. uncaring
2. Which amendment gave African-Americans
the right to vote?
a. 13th
b. 14th
c. 15th
d. 16th
3. The “Stolen Election” of President _______ in
1876 ended Reconstruction.
a. Grant b. Tilden c. Hayes d. Garfield
4. List one positive OR one negative effect of
Reconstruction.