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SUN AND PLANET FACTS Sun -- * middle-sized yellow star * formed from cloud of hydrogen gas and dust, 5 billion years ago * holds 99.85% of the mass of our solar system * 92% hydrogen and 8% helium * Core is 27 million degrees Fahrenheit * nuclear reactions of hydrogen atoms being forced together under high temperature and pressure to form helium * heat is from nuclear reactions Terrestrial planets – dense planets Mercury -- * * * * * * orbit 88 Earth days, rotation 58 ½ Earth years 800° F on the Sun side to -297° F on the dark side no atmosphere because so small covered in craters, bombarded with asteroids and comets gray mostly iron and very dense Venus -- * orbit 225 earth days, rotation 243 days; day is longer than its year * 908° F to 710° F * thick carbon dioxide atmosphere keeps temperatures hotter than Mercury, 90 times the atmospheric pressure of earth * only planet to rotate clockwise * many volcanoes * yellowish – white Earth -- * * * * * * only planet we know has life orbit 365 days, rotation 24 hours -100° F to 120° F atmosphere with oxygen liquid water is abundant bluish – green Mars -- * * * * * * Orbit 2 earth years, rotation 24 hours and 30 minutes - 117° F to - 27° F thin carbon dioxide atmosphere red - orange color, covered in rust polar ice caps, liquid water in the past 2 rovers on its surface Main Asteroid Belt -- Rocky remnants from our early solar system, largest rock is 620 miles across. Gas Planets – Planets without any solid metals or rocks on the outer surface. May not be able to walk on these planets. May have a rocky or icy center. Jupiter -- * * * * * * * * * Saturn -- * second largest planet, gas with solid icy core * least dense, made of hydrogen and helium * winds 1100 mph * largest and most beautiful rings; made of ice, dust and rocks, up to 1000 rings in total * rings are 150,000 miles wide but only half a mile thick * pale yellow * - 178° F * orbits 30 years, rotates every 10 hours * 53 moons Uranus -- * gas planet with rocky, icy core * faint rings * light blue-green color due to methane gas atmosphere * 84 years to orbit, rotates on its side every 17 hours. Side rotation may be due to a large object smashing into it or a moon being pulled out of it * – 350° F * 27 moons Neptune -- * * * * * * * * largest planet, made of gas with icy core orbits 12 years, rotates every 9 hours faint rings atmosphere filled with storms and lightning winds up to 250 mph Giant Red Spot, massive storm raging for the last 300 years orange, brown, red and white bands – 145° F 50 moons gas planet with rocky, icy core faint rings, Light blue color due to methane gas atmosphere Cloud moving quickly across the planet Fastest winds of 1250 mph 165 years to orbit, rotates every 16 hours – 392° F 13 moons