Download Updated ArcGIS Server Powerpoint Presentation (September)

Geographic Information Systems (GIS):
Shaping Global Health
May 30, 2008
GIS and Infectious Diseases Symposium
RIVM
Bilthoven, Netherlands
Chris Kinabrew, MPH, MSW
Public Health Specialist (ESRI)
Chris Kinabrew, MPH, MSW
• Public Health Specialist with ESRI since Fall 2005
• Graduate of Tulane School of Public Health / Social Work
• Graduate of CDC’s Public Health Leadership Institute
• Previously Associate Director of a Network of Public Health Nonprofit
Research and Practice Institutes in the United States (NNPHI)
• Member of American Public Health Association and many other
trade/professional organizations
• Frequent speaker on GIS and Health
2
Agenda
• Overview of GIS
– What is it?
– Who uses it in public health and healthcare
– Basis for GIS in public health
• GIS User Community in Health
• GIS Applications for Infectious Disease
Research, Control and Prevention
• GIS Resources
Before we get started…a video
Using GIS for Assessment and Communication:
Estimating the Number of People Displaced
by Hurricane Katrina
What is GIS?
A system for capturing, storing, editing, integrating,
managing, displaying, querying, analyzing &
distributing geographic data.
Answers!
Maps
Charts
Health Data
Data layers linked
by Geography
Road Networks
Facilities/Buildings
Administrative Units
Understand & visualize spatial relationships
Reports
GIS is Composed of . . . . .
Software
GIS
Staffing
Training
Data
Hardware
Applications
How does it work: Geocoding an address
A street address… for RIVM (administrative data)
address matching to a street file
Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9
3721 MA Bilthoven
Converts to this… (geographical data)
52.117 degrees latitude
5.192 degrees longitude
Geocoding Land Features…
The Dam in Amsterdam… (landmark)
GPS receiver reading from ground
Converts to this… (geographical data)
52.222 degrees latitude
4.534 degrees longitude
(A system of geopositioning satellites.)
Geocoding weather patterns
Hurricane… (weather data)
remote sensing technology
(instruments and satellite photos)
Converts to this… a geographical “shape”
GIS allows us to… ask questions about our data
Identifying Specific Features
Identifying Features Based on Conditions
Florida Counties Where more
Than 25% of the Population live
Below the Poverty Level
GIS also facilitates… more complex spatial analysis
Map rates of disease
Visualize patterns over time
Run Models Based on Conditions
ESRI User Community in Public Health – Global to Local
• UN Agencies & Affiliates …WHO, FAO
• European CDC
• 86 Ministries of Health
• 85% of European Union Member Nations
• 50 State Health Departments in US
• 500+ Local Health Departments in US
• Hundreds of Hospitals
• Numerous Health NGOs
• Schools of Public Health & Medicine
Why do health organizations use GIS?
• Enhances knowledge of community health needs
and health status
– “What is the demographic composition of this community or
neighborhood?”
– Is this a health professional shortage area?
– Are there healthy food stores within walking distance?
– Are there health disparities – outcomes, access, etc?
• Enhances evidence-based decision making
– Where should we prioritize this intervention given limited resources?
– Does the population meet the criteria for this program?
• Improves quality of data collection and analysis
– Is this a representative sample?
– Where is our shipment of supplies?
Why do health organizations use GIS?
• Improves ability to alert, analyze and respond to public
health emergencies when geography is relevant
– How many vulnerable people live in area X?
– How many and what types of assets are available in neighborhood X
• Improves workflows and processes that are geo-centric
– Where should we pre-position stockpiles?
– How can we optimize home health routing
• Brings a relevancy to data analysis and information
presentation
– empowers people to take action
– allows rapid evaluations of alternatives
How are organizations using GIS in health?
Essential Uses
Emerging Uses
• Disease Surveillance & Tracking
• Situational Awareness
• Web-based Resource Locators and Atlases
• Disaster Response
• Field Data Collection
• Managing Workforce Logistics
• Policy Analysis & Planning (e.g., gap
analysis, disparity analysis)
• Consumer Empowerment
• Environmental Health Monitoring
• Vital, Immunization and Disease Registries
• Population Health Research
• Travel Directions
• Disease Management
• Back Office Geo-enabling
• Health “business” Analysis
• I & R Services
• Biomedical Applications
US National Public Health Performance Standards
Specific references and measures for
GIS in Essential Service #1 and #2
“Utilization of appropriate methods and technology, such as geographic
information systems (GIS), to interpret and communicate data to diverse
audiences.”
“Tools such as geographic information systems (GIS) are used to combine
geography, data, and computer mapping to support the exploration of
spatial relationships, patterns, and trends in health data. Use of geocoded
data (matching of street address to a corresponding latitude and
longitude) is promoted, while maintaining appropriate safeguards for
confidentiality. Increased public access to GIS information provides new
insights to develop strategies that are appropriate for specific geographic
areas and to align health status indicators with health resources.”
2.1.3.1 Does the LPHS use information technology for surveillance activities
(e.g., geographic information systems, word processing, spreadsheets,
database analysis, and graphics presentation software)?
Updated local public health system assessment instrument available at
http://www.cdc.gov/od/ocphp/nphpsp/documents/local/Local.BookletA.pd
Building GIS Capacity in Local Health Departments
“Many GIS-based projects
have been successful in
supporting public and
environmental health
practice, including those
investigating toxic exposure,
vector-borne disease, health
information access, and the
built environment”
Miranda et al., Building Geographic Information System Capacity
in Local Health Departments: Lessons from a North Carolina
Project, American Journal of Public Health. 2005; Vol 95, No. 12
Video demonstrating ArcGIS:
Buffering, Geoprocessing and Spatial Statistics:
Pandemic Flu: Prepare or Panic (6:45)
GIS and Infectious DiseasesResearch and Applications
Pandemic Influenza and GIS
GIS facilitates:
• Containment
• Modeling the Spread
• Syndromic Surveillance
• Resource Allocation
– people,
– vaccines / antivirals
– ventilators
• Situational Awareness
• Decision Making during Exercises (e.g., Mass
Vaccination)
• Identifying Vulnerable Populations
Seasonal Influenza and GIS
GIS facilitates:
• Status maps
• Analysis of spreading
patterns
• Vaccine allocation
• Mapping vaccination
rates
• Planning Vaccination
Clinics and Outreach
HIV and GIS (and other STIs)
GIS Facilitates:
• Showing location of services in relation to need
(Service Availability Mapping)
• access to and gaps in providing:
-HIV counselling and testing (VCT)
-treatment (ART) and
-mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT)
services
• Accurate surveillance reports through geocoding
• More refined knowledge of localized sexually
transmitted infection activity
• Improved assessment of disease intervention
staffing needs
• Greater understanding and rationale for targeted
prevention efforts
Tuberculosis and GIS
GIS facilitates:
• Identifying areas of TB transmission and incidence
• Analyzing access to care and treatment
• Network analysis to more efficiently route case
workers to home visits (to save time)
• PDA/GPS devices used to locate clinic attendees'
homes
• Performance management – monitoring and
evaluation
• Kriging …to predict the prevalence of Bovine
Tuberculosis… “an excellent tool to predict BTB
distribution with major potential savings.”
Legionnaire’s and GIS (non-infectious)
GIS facilitates:
• Outbreak analysis
• Tracking movement of
patients
• In this example, traced to an
air scrubber as source
• The high velocity, large drift
and high humidity may have
contributed to the wide
spread
• GIS very helpful for exposure
analysis
Vector-Borne Diseases and GIS
GIS utilized in the prevention and control of
Malaria, Lyme Disease, and many other
vector-borne diseases. Sipe and Dale
examined literature in 2003 and found
major uses of GIS include:
• Map incidence and prevalence
• Map of relationships between malaria incidence/prevalence and
other potentially related variables
• Remote Sensing (data collection)
• Model malaria risk
From ESRI user experience, also see many
applications including:
• Field Data Collection
• Web-based display of data for mosquitoes, sentinels, human
cases
Animal Disease and GIS
• Continued concerns about swine flu, foot and mouth disease, BSE
(mad cow), MRSA in pigs and cattle…. GIS facilitates:
– Routine field data collection
• Outbreak control – quicker access to information about other nearby
farms to initiate containment / culling (see
http://www.vet.upenn.edu/schoolresources/communications/publications/bellwethe
r/61/preventing_pandemic.html
• Tracking food from farm to table
• Kriging to predict the prevalence of Bovine Tuberculosis… “an
excellent tool to predict BTB distribution with major potential
savings.”
• Increasing connections to human disease surveillance systems, with
geography as common identifier
Mobile GIS Rapid Needs Assessment
• In North Carolina, GIS technology introduced a new
methodology for randomization in the selection of
households and also simplified the mapping process
• Hurricane Response
• Legionnaire’s Investigation
More recently, Food Recall scenario
– According to Steve Ramsey (Preparedness Manager, Guilford County
(NC) Department of Public Health), “Utilizing desktop and mobile GIS
applications to route our staff to retail establishments, collect data
electronically at the point of inspection, and plan for future operational
periods, we were able to conduct the most efficient response to a food
recall effort in NC.”
GIS and Hospitals
• Asset tracking and “Geo-fencing”
• Bed management
• Business intelligence (financials, performance)
• ED surveillance / Situational Awareness
• Strategic Planning
• Site Location Analysis
• Outbreak detection and monitoring / Clinical Surveillance
Resources for GIS and Public Health
ESRI Health User Group
• ESRI Health GIS User Community
–Listserve for 900+ health professionals worldwide
–Recent inquiries include Tuberculosis, Obesity, and
several methodology questions
–ESRI Health Team has also started networking
activities for sub-segments such as state & local
health GIS coordinators
–Sign up at www.esri.com/hug
Health GIS Newsletters and other
GIS publications
• ESRI Publications
– HealthyGIS (quarterly newsletter to 40,000)
– ArcUser (240,000)
– ArcNews (500,000)
Resources:
Books from ESRI Press
Journals and books from other publishers
• International Journal of Health Geographics
• Health & Place
• Additional book titles (other publishers):
• GIS and Public Health (Cromley)
• Geographic Information Systems and Health Applications
(Khan et al)
Health GIS Conferences
Proceedings available at
http://gis.esri.com/library/userconf/health07/index.html
and
http://gis.esri.com/library/userconf/proc07/track.html#Heal
th%20and%20Human%20Services
The Urban and Regional Information Systems Association recently
offered its first GIS and Public Health conference
www.urisa.org/conferences/health
For information about ESRI 2008 Health GIS Conference, please visit
www.esri.com/hug
Videos demonstrating ArcGIS:
Buffering, Geoprocessing and Spatial Statistics:
Social Distancing (4:50)
Bedankt en tot ziens!
Chris Kinabrew, MPH, MSW
Meer informatie?
[email protected]