Download Muscular System: Functions

1.05 Understand the
functions and disorders of
the muscular system
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the
muscular system
• What are the characteristics of muscles?
• What are the functions of the muscular system?
• What are common disorders of the muscular
system?
• How are muscular disorders treated?
• How does the muscular system relate to the
body’s support and movement?
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
2
Warm up
• Review of Muscle Locations
Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
Excitability
Extensibility
Elasticity
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
4
Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
the ability of a muscle to
reduce the distance between
the parts of its contents or
the space it surrounds.
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
5
Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
Myoneural stimulation
+
contraction of muscle proteins
=
movement and heat
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
6
Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
Neurotransmitter at site of
muscle stimulus.
The sodium-potassium
pump of the membrane of
a muscle cell.
The purpose of this slide is to
illustrate the complexity of the
process of movement.
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Characteristics of Muscles
Excitability or
(IRRITABILITY) – the
ability to respond to
certain stimuli by
producing impulses.
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Characteristics of Muscles
Extensibility-the ability to
be stretched.
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Characteristics of Muscles
Elasticity- ability of
muscle to return to
its original length
when relaxing.
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
10
Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
Excitability
Extensibility
Elasticity
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
11
Muscle Tone
Discuss muscle tone.
•Atrophy:
a- without -trophy - tone
•Hypertrophy:
hyper- increase –trophy- tone
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Muscle Tone
John just got a cast off
his leg. His calf muscle
on the affected leg is 1”
smaller in diameter than
his other calf muscle.
• What happened?
• How do you explain
this to him?
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
13
Muscle Tone
Exercise & Training
What are the
advantages of
exercise?
•Increased blood
supply causes the
muscles to become
stronger.
•More resistant to
fatigue
•The heart enlarges
to pump more blood
that causes
increased strength.
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
14
Muscle Fatigue
Muscle fatigue:
– What causes muscle fatigue?
Decrease oxygen to the muscles causes an increase of lactic acid
which leads to cramps and fatigue.
– How does the body correct muscle fatigue?
Rest leads to an increase of oxygen to the muscles.
– Is muscle fatigue dangerous? Why / why not?
It can cause injuries, sprains and strains.
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise
• Aerobic- (with oxygen)- walking running
cycling, swimming.
• Anaerobic- (without oxygen)- weight lifting,
strength building, yoga.
Functions of the
Muscular System
What are the
functions of the
muscular system?
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
17
Movement:
Skeletal Muscle
• Receptors in muscles provide the brain with
information about body position and
movement.
• The brain controls the contraction of skeletal
muscle.
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Movement
As a muscle
contracts, it pulls the
insertion bone closer
to the origin bone.
Movement occurs at
the joint between the
origin and the
insertion.
Rule: A muscle’s
insertion bone moves
toward its origin bone.
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Movement
– Prime mover- Moves muscles in one
direction
– Antagonist- Causes movement in opposite
direction
– Synergists- Assists with movement.
Movement:
Digestive System
The nervous system regulates the speed at which
food moves through the digestive tract.
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
21
Movement:
Circulatory System
Heartbeat
The nervous system and hormones regulate the
speed at which the heart beats.
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
22
Posture
• Provides support for our skeletal
frames through muscle tone.
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Body Heat
What is the body’s response to cold?
Shivering
Why? To produce body heat by muscle
movement- friction
How is this response helpful?
Muscles shake to increase energy
How does the body respond to exercise?
Sweat to let the body heat escape.
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Processing
• Case Studies
• Power System Activity
• Muscle Fatigue Activity
Day 3
Muscular System Research
•
1. Select a disorder from the following list or as approved by your teacher.
Research the condition and prepare a patient education brochure related it.
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Be sure to include:
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Fibromyalgia
Hernia
Hypotinia
Dupuytren's contracture
Compartment Syndrome
Dystonia
Muscle spasm
Muscular Dystrophy
Myasthenia Gravis
Strain
Tendonitis
Tetanus
Torticollis
A description of the disorder- what happens to the muscle
Symptoms of the disorder
How the disorder is diagnosed
How the disorder is treated
The prognosis- can it be cured?
4. Be prepared to share/present to the class.
Day 4
Muscular Disorders
Warm up
• What is the special muscle found in the stomach
and anus?
• What is the muscle on the posterior lower leg?
• What are the 3 muscles in the upper arm?
• What thoracic muscle aids in breathing?
• What muscle on the skull is attached to the
zygoma?
• What builds up in muscles when you muscle
fatigue?
Muscular Disorders
Myopathy
Myo- Muscle
-pathy- Disease
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Warm up
• Present Brochures on Muscular Disorders
Fibromyalgia
Discuss the pictures and how they relate to
fibromyalgia.
Cause
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Fibromyalgia
• Cause- unknown, possible auto-immune
• Symptoms- Women 20-50 years oldLong term body wide pain and tenderness
in muscles, joints, tendons and ligaments.
• Diagnosis- Tenderness in 11 of 18 areas.
• Treatment- Exercise, PT, MedicationsCymbalta
• Prognosis- No known cure
Fibromyalgia
Hernia
Discuss hernias.
Causes
Locations
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Hernia
• Cause- weakness in the abdominal wall evolves
into a localized hole, or "defect", through
which adipose tissue, or abdominal organs may
protrude. Inguinal, ventral, umbilical, femoral,
hiatal.
• Symptoms- Pain at the site, a visible or
palpable lump.
• Diagnosis- Palpable bulge.
• Treatment- Surgery to repair hole in fascia.
• Prognosis- Excellent with surgery. If no surgical
repair, could become incarcerated with a
decrease in blood flow to the intestines. Can
cause death of bowel.
Muscle Spasms
(Involuntary hypertonicity)
Discuss muscle spasms.
Causes
Locations
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
38
Muscle Spasms
(Involuntary hypertonicity)
• Cause- Poor circulation, over exertion, not
stretching before exercising, potassium and
magnesium deficiency.
• Symptoms- Cramps, pain, muscles become
hard and tight.
• Diagnosis- Palpating muscles
• Treatment- Find the underlying cause and
correct it. Massage, stretch muscle, apply ice or
heat. Eat bananas to increase potassium.
• Prognosis- Excellent
Muscular Dystrophy
• Discuss the picture and how it relates to
muscular dystrophy.
Cause
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
40
Muscular Dystrophy
• Cause- MD covers over 200 different types of
muscular diseases. Congenital muscle
destroying disease. Muscle fiber degenerate and
atrophy due to the absence on dystrophin, a
protein that helps muscle cells intact. Mostly
occurs in males.
• Symptoms- Progressive muscular wasting,
Poor balance, Drooping eyelids, Muscle Atrophy,
Scoliosis , Inability to walk, Frequent falls,
Waddling gait, Calf deformation, Limited range
of movement, Respiratory difficulty, Joint
contractures, Cardiomyopathy, Arrhythmias,
Muscle spasms, pain.
Muscular Dystrophy
• Diagnosis- Muscle biopsy, genetic testing
• Treatment- Treat the symptoms. Physical
therapy,occupational therapy, orthotic
intervention (e.g., ankle-foot orthosis), speech
therapy and orthopedic instruments (e.g.,
wheelchairs, standing frames and powered
mobile arm supports) may be helpful. Inactivity
(such as bed rest, sitting for long periods)
and bodybuilding efforts to increase myofibrillar
hypertrophy can worsen the disease.
• Prognosis- There is no known cure.
Myasthenia Gravis
Discuss the picture and how it relates to
myasthenia gravis.
Antibodies to acetecholine receptors at the
neuromuscular junction that prevents the
muscle from contracting.
Cause
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
43
Myasthenia Gravis
• Cause- Rare adult autoimmune disease. Prevents
muscle contractions from occurring. Only affects skeletal
muscles.
• Symptoms- Droopy eyelids, ocular muscle weakness,
difficulty swallowing and talking, weakness spreads from
head and neck to upper limbs and progresses down the
body. Can spread to the chest and affect the diaphram
which will cause difficulty breathing.
• Diagnosis- Blood tests and noted ocular muscle
weakness.
• Treatment- Immunosuppressant drugs, thymectomy
• Prognosis- Can go into remission with drug therapy. No
known cure. Death occurs when respiratory muscles
cease to function.
Strain
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What happened here?
What symptoms is this man having? Why?
How will he treat them?
What is his prognosis?
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
45
Strain
• Cause- Over stretching of muscle.
• Symptoms- localized stiffness,
discoloration and bruising around the
strained muscle. Injury to the tendons or
muscles in which the muscle fibers tear.
• Diagnosis- Notable bruising, stiffness and
pain in muscle.
• Treatment- PRICE- protection, rest, ice,
compression and elevation.
• Prognosis- Excellent
Tendonitis
Discuss the pictures and how they relate to
tendonitis.
Cause
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
47
Tendonitis
• Cause- Injury caused by repetitive motion
to a joint.
• Symptoms- Pain on movement of joint,
stiffness. Swelling, heat and redness.
• Diagnosis- Presentation of symptoms.
• Treatment- non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs , rest, ice, physical
therapy, braces.
• Prognosis- Excellent
Tetanus
Discuss the picture and how it relates to
tetanus.
Cause
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
49
Tetanus
• Cause- caused by the tetanus
bacterium Clostridium tetani – lives in the soil.
Lockjaw
• Symptoms- Muscle spasms of the skeletal
muscles in the jaw, chest, neck, back, abdominal
muscles, and buttocks. Back muscle spasms
often cause arching. Sometimes the spasms
affect muscles that help with breathing, which
can lead to breathing problems.
• Diagnosis- Presentation of symptoms
• Treatment- Tetanus immunoglobin, antibiotics,
valium, muscle relaxants.
• Prognosis- Good if diagnosed early.
Processing
• Make index cards for the Muscular System
Disorders
• Muscular System Study Guide
• Homework- study for exam tomorrow.
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the
muscular system
• What are the characteristics of muscles?
• What are the functions of the muscular system?
• What are common disorders of the muscular
system?
• How are muscular disorders treated?
• How does the muscular system relate to the
body’s support and movement?
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
52
Processing