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Grade 9 Applied Science – Biology Species Interactions (Textbook Chapter 2.8) LIMITING FACTORS are factors that can determine which types of organisms AND how many of each species are able to survive in a certain area or ecosystem. Limiting Factors can be either abiotic (e.g., water, temperature, wind) or biotic (e.g., types of plants available to eat, types of animal predators in the area). TOLERANCE RANGE is the range of abiotic conditions within which a species can survive. As the figure shows, most organisms cannot live in conditions of extreme dry and extreme wet. The Tolerance Range for most species lies in between the dotted vertical lines BIOTIC LIMITING FACTORS often determine how EASILY a species can survive. There are five Biotic Limiting Factors. See Table 2 (Page 56 in your textbook to complete this RELATIONSHIP chart. RELATIONSHIP DEFINITION EXAMPLE Competition Predator – Prey Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism CARRYING CAPACITY is the limit of the ecosystem. That is, it is the maximum population size of a species that a given ecosystem can sustain indefinitely. Why? AFRICAN SAVANNAH An African savannah includes the following organisms. Examine each organism and determine its relationship with the other organism of the savannah. For example, a hyena may be a COMPETITOR with a lion.’; Hyena Impala Lion Termite Wildebeast Zebra Cheetah Tapeworm Ticks Hare Elephant Wild Dog Vulture Rhino Giraffe Aardvark Warthog Mice Mongoose Antelope Cattle egret Liver flukes (Flatworms) Army ants Red-billed Hornbill Grasshopper Red-billed oxpecker