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APES Study Guide
Unit 3: Population and Community Ecology – Chapter 6
Textbook Reference:
Chapter 6 – Population and Community Ecology
Vocabulary:
Directions: Review key vocabulary, words may appear in quizzes and/or tests.
Chapter 6
• Age structure
• Intrinsic growth rate
• Carrying capacity
• J-shaped
• Commensalism
• Keystone species
• Community
• K-selected species
• Competitive exclusion principle
• Limiting resource/factor
• Corridors
• Logistic growth model
• Density-dependent factors
• Metapopulation
• Density-independent factors
• Mutualism
• Die-off
• Overshoot
• Ecological succession
• Parasitism
• Ecosystem engineers
• Pioneer species
• Exponential growth model
• Population
• Growth rate
• Population density
• Population distribution
• Population size
• Predation
• Predator-mediated
competition
• Primary succession
• Resource partitioning
• R-selected species
• Secondary succession
• Sex ratio
• S-shaped
• Symbiotic relationships
• Theory of island biogeography
Study Guide Questions (SGQ):
Chapter 6 – Answer the questions below in complete sentences on separate sheets of paper.
1. How do scientists define a population? What is population ecology?
2. Explain the difference between population size and population density.
3. In what ways do knowing the sex ratio and age structure of a population help ecologists determine how the
population will change?
4. Distinguish between the limiting factor and the carrying capacity of an environment, and use these concepts to
explain why there are always limits to population growth in nature.
5. Contrast the ways in which density dependent and density independent factors affect population size.
6. Explain growth models, reproduction strategies, survivorship curves and meta-populations.
7. Differentiate between exponential growth and logistic growth of populations.
8. Complete the “Your Turn” practice problem based on the Do the Math box on page 156.
9. Define and give an example of a population crash/die-off caused by overshoot.
10. Distinguish between r-selected (opportunists) and k-selected (competitor) species. How are their reproductive
rates different?
11. How do corridors create metapopulations.
12. Describe and give an example of resource partitioning and explain how it can increase species diversity.
13. Distinguish between a predator and a prey species and give an example of each. What is a predator– prey
relationship?
14. Describe three ways in which prey species can avoid their predators and three ways in which predators can
increase their chances of feeding on their prey.
15. Define interspecific competition and symbiotic relationships. Give an example of each: parasitism, mutualism,
and commensalism.
16. What is a keystone species? How can they be predator-mediated competitors or ecosystem engineers? Give an
example of both of these types of keystone species.
17. What is ecological succession? Distinguish between primary ecological succession and secondary ecological
succession and give an example of each.
18. What is Island Biogeography and in what way is it an important concept to keep in mind when working
towards conservation of endangered species?
APES STUDY GUIDE
Unit 3: The Human Population – Chapter 7
Textbook Reference:
Chapter 7 – The Human Population
Vocabulary:
Directions: Review key vocabulary, words may appear in quizzes and/or tests.
Affluence
Developing countries
Population momentum
Age structure diagrams
Emigration
Population pyramid
Child mortality
Family planning
Replacement-level fertility
Crude birth rate
Gross domestic product (GDP)
Theory of demographic
Crude death rate
Immigration
transition
Demographers
Infant mortality
Total fertility rate (TFR)
Demography
IPAT equation
Urban area
Developed countries
Life expectancy
Doubling Time and Rule of 70
Know these (approximate) numbers…
1. How many people live in the world today?
2. How many people live in poverty?
3. What is the current rate of world population growth?
4. What is the demographic constant used to calculate population doubling time?
5. What percent of the world’s wealth is controlled by developed and developing countries respectively?
6. What proportion of the human population lives in developing countries?
Study Guide Questions (SGQ):
Directions: Answer in complete sentences on a separate piece of paper.
1. Explain Thomas Malthus’ research and discovery from the late 1700s.
2. What do demographers study and what kind of data do they use to draw their conclusions?
3. Explain how immigration, emigration, birth rate, and death rate affect population size.
4. Describe how to calculate the growth rate and doubling time of a population.
5. Compare and contrast the replacement-level fertility in developed and developing countries. What is the root
cause of this difference?
6. What is infant mortality rate and how might it be considered an indicator of quality of life?
7. Distinguish between age-structure diagrams representing developing and developed nations. Explain how the
shape of each diagram indicates different characteristics of the population.
8. Describe the Theory of Demographic Transition in your own words.
9. Ethics/Opinion: What rights and responsibilities do you think developed (industrialized) nations have in
dictating the population of developing nations? What should developing nations have to say in what
developed nations do to their populations?
10. Describe some of the benefits resulting from the empowerment of women (through education and family
planning) in developing nations.
11. What is the IPAT? Explains how we can use this model (IPAT) to estimate the impacts of the human
populations in less-developed countries and more developed countries?
12. What are two common local overused resources? Why does local overuse tend to affect developing countries
more?
13. What is the largest industry having a global impact and how to US citizens contribute to it more than those in
other countries?
14. What 4 types of economic activity make up the gross domestic product (GDP) of a country? Explain how
GDP relates to a country’s pollution levels.
Case Studies:
Chapter 6, p. 149 – New England Forests
Chapter 6, p. 172 – Black-Footed Ferrets
Chapter 7, p. 179 – China’s Population Growth
Chapter 7, p. 197 – Gender Equity in Kerala