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AP European History
Chapter 14: The Age of Nation States
Name ___________________________________________
Date ____________________________ Period ___________
_____ 1. The final military action of the Crimean War was located ________.
A. in the region of Alsace and Lorraine, bordering the French and German border
B. off the coast of Britain, in the English Channel
C. near the Danube River in southern Germany
D. along the coast of the Black Sea and at the Russian fortress of Sevastopol
_____ 2. Why did Great Britain and France align themselves with the Ottoman Empire during the
Crimean War?
A. They opposed Russian expansion in the eastern Mediterranean where they had naval and
commercial interests.
B. They feared losing control of holy places in Palestine.
C. They supported the Ottoman Empire’s reasons for going to war.
D. They feared Russia’s expansion plans would eventually reach their lands.
_____ 3. Who were the Young Turks?
A. a group of reformist officers who wanted to preserve the Ottoman Empire’s traditions
B. a group of reformist officers who wanted to modernize the Ottoman Empire
C. young members of the Ottoman Empire’s army who were training to become military
officers
D. an elite group of military officers who conducted covert surveillance against radicals
_____ 4. The Hatt-i Sharif of Gülhane ________.
A. banned the practice of Christianity within the Ottoman Empire
B. banned the practice of Judaism within the Ottoman Empire
C. extended civic equality to all Ottoman subjects regardless of their religion
D. required Christians and Jews to convert to Islam
_____ 5. The Hatt-i Hümayun ________.
A. gave non-Muslims equal opportunities for state employment and state schools
B. excluded non-Muslims from state employment
C. excluded non-Muslims from state schools
D. excluded non-Muslims from military obligations
_____ 6. Giuseppe Mazzini and Giuseppe Garibaldi ________.
A. conducted guerrilla warfare in their attempts to establish an Italian republic
B. used secret diplomacy to further their political ambitions
C. helped to restore the kingdom of Piedmont as a buffer between France and Austria
D. were the driving forces behind the Congress of Vienna
_____ 7. The two houses of the North German Confederation were the ________.
A. Dem Deutschen Volke and Bundestag
B. Reichstag and Parliament
C. Parliament and Bundestag
D. Bundesrat and Reichstag
AP European History Chapter 14: The Age of Nation States
_____ 8. One of the objectives of the Paris Commune was to ________.
A. administer Paris separately from the rest of France
B. persuade the government to move the capital back to Paris
C. combat anti-Semitism in Paris
D. infiltrate the government and military in order to liberate Paris from France
_____9. One of the accomplishments of the Third Republic was the creation of a _______, elected
by universal male suffrage.
A. king
B. prime minister
C. senate
D. Chamber of Deputies
_____ 10. Which of the following instituted the most extensive restructuring of Russian society
and administration since Peter the Great?
A. Alexander II
B. Alexander III
C. Nicholas I
D. Nicholas II
_____ 11. Which of the following distinguished Russia from the rest of Europe in the 1800s, but
was ended in February 1861?
A. bourgeoisie
B. serfdom
C. conscription
D. legalism
_____ 12. Following the January Insurrection of 1863, ___ was treated as merely another Russian
province.
A. Finland
B. Lithuania
C. Poland
D. Latvia
_____ 13. One of the flaws of Russia’s new legal system, which was modeled after Western legal
principles, was that ________.
A. it did not allow for trial by jury
B. it did not consider all accused parties equal before the law
C. the tsar could overrule the judge’s sentence
D. the tsar could elect to hear a trial
_____ 14. In 1863, _____ nationalists unsuccessfully attempted to overthrow Russian dominance.
A. German
C. Polish
B. Czech
D. Japanese
_____ 15. The Ballot Act of 1872 introduced ________.
A. universal male suffrage
B. suffrage to Caucasian males without Anglican religious requirements
C. a literacy poll for voting requirements
D. voting by secret ballot
AP European History
Chapter 14: The Age of Nation States
_____ 16. Who shepherded the Second Reform Act of 1867?
A. Benjamin Disraeli
B. William Gladstone
C. Lord Derby
D. Lord Russell
_____ 17. The Crimean War was rooted in the ________.
A. desire for unification of all German-speaking people
B. hopes of the Italian people for unification on the peninsula
C. long-standing desire of Russia to extend its influence over the Ottoman Empire
D. British desire to dominate all eastern trade
_____ 18. The Crimean War was the first to ________.
A. utilize modern trench warfare
B. engineer and use early airplanes
C. be covered by war correspondents and photographers
D. issue modern mess kits, including penicillin
_____ 19. For the first twenty-five years after the Crimean War, European affairs were ________.
A. relatively stable as countries respected the Vienna settlement
B. tumultuous as countries adapted to shifts in power
C. unstable as fears of revolutions declined and the great powers had less reverence for the
Vienna settlement
D. stable as countries joined forces to prevent another war
_____ 20. Which of these describes the military operations of the Crimean War?
A. The British and French troops were superior to those of the Ottomans and Russians.
B. The Russian troops were superior to all other forces.
C. The Ottoman troops were superior to all other forces.
D. All of the troops were inept, ill-equipped, and poorly commanded.
_____21. Which element of nineteenth-century European order was destroyed by the Crimean War?
A. the split between Orthodox Christians and Roman Catholics
B. the Concert of Europe
C. multinational empires
D. the myth of Prussian invincibility
_____22. The most important nationalist leader in Europe, who brought new fervor to the hopes of
Italian nationalism and unification in the 1830s and 1840s, was ____.
A. Giuseppe Mazzini
C. Giuseppe Garibaldi
B. Francisco Franco
D. Camillo Cavour
_____ 23. Count Camillo Cavour’s methods to achieve Italian unification would best coincide with
which philosopher’s ideology?
A. Locke
B. Machiavelli
C. Robespierre
D. Descartes
AP European History Chapter 14: The Age of Nation States
_____ 24. A formal treaty in December 1858 confirmed an agreement between Count Camillo
Cavour and Napoleon III that would ________.
A. provoke a war in Italy which would in turn permit Italy and France to defeat Austria
B. overthrow Mazzini and allow direct Italian unification, with French assistance
C. defeat the Russians at Sevastopol with Italian and French forces
D. spark revolution in Austria
_____ 25. In 1866, Venetia was added to Italy in exchange for ________.
A. Italy’s formal recognition of Prussia as an independent nation-state
B. Italy’s alliance with Prussia in the Austro-Prussian War
C. Italy’s military aid to the Prussians in the Crimean War
D. recognition of papal authority in central Italy
_____ 26. Bismarck embraced the cause of German nationalism ________.
A. as a strategy to enable Prussian conservatives to outflank Prussian liberals
B. as a means of deterring a French invasion with a growing military force
C. in hopes of supporting a larger population to undergo European dominance
D. as a political move to solicit an Italian ally in a forthcoming war against Austria
_____ 27. Prussia excluded Austria from German affairs by ________.
A. denying Austrian claims at the Convention of Gastein
B. defeating Austria in the Seven Weeks’ War
C. encouraging and succeeding in an Italian defeat of Austria
D. gaining European-wide support for its policies
_____ 28. Emperor Francis Joseph’s scheme for centralized administration of the Habsburg Empire
meant that the government was dominated by ________.
A. Russians
B. liberals
C. Hungarians
D. German-speaking Austrians
_____ 29. Austria-Hungary’s formation of a dual monarchy in 1867 ________.
A. meant greater Austrian control of Hungary
B. meant that a Magyar occupied the Hungarian throne
C. meant that Austria and Hungary became virtually separate states
D. enabled Austria-Hungary to become a major imperial power in Africa
_____ 30. Which of the following groups would have supported the Ausgleich of 1867?
A. Czechs
B. Hungarians
C. Romanians
D. Croatians
_____ 31. Czech “trialism” was vetoed and argued against because ________.
A. Francis Joseph was not willing to accept the concept
B. the Magyars believed they might be forced to make similar concessions to their own subject
nationalities
C. the Germans in the empire would lose standing
D. there was little public support for it in Bohemia
AP European History
Chapter 14: The Age of Nation States
_____ 32. The Balkan tensions of the late 1800s ________.
A. helped to spark the First World War
B. decreased as national groups linked themselves to established states
C. were a major source of political instability in Western Europe
D. were a result of conflicts between the Habsburg and Ottoman empires
_____ 33. The Russian government responded to radical revolutionary groups that emerged in the
late 1800s by _____.
A. meeting with them to hear their concerns
B. making limited concessions
C. increasing repression
D. introducing liberal reforms
_____ 34. What motivated Alexander II to abolish serfdom?
A. socialist ideas about oppression
B. socialist ideas about land ownership
C. classical economist ideas about labor
D. belief that serfdom would hold Russia back
_____ 35. Russian peasants responded to young revolutionaries who tried to win their support for
reforms based on the communal life of peasants by ________.
A. embracing their cause and joining the revolution
B. accepting their ideas but expressing skepticism for their methods
C. engaging in violent conflicts with the revolutionaries
D. turning the revolutionaries over to the police
social
_____36. Refer to the essay “The Arrival of Penny Postage.” How did the changes in the British
service affect the quantity of mail and the size of the government work force?
A. Both the quantity of mail and the size of the government work force rose.
B. The size of the government work force rose to prevent mail fraud, and the mail quantity
decreased.
C. The new changes did not affect the size of the government, but the quantity of mail rose
significantly.
D. The new changes did not affect the quantity of mail, but the size of government increased
significantly.
postal
_____ 37. Gladstone’s ministry of 1868 to 1874 witnessed the culmination of ________.
A. staunch conservatism
B. classical British liberalism
C. radical socialism
D. renowned republicanism
_____ 38. Ireland played the same role in British politics that ________did in Habsburg politics.
A. Hungary
B. Austria
C. Prussia
D. Poland
AP European History
Chapter 14: The Age of Nation States
_____ 39. Why was 1860 considered a turning point during the reign of Napoleon III?
A. It marked the shift from a liberal empire into an authoritative empire.
B. It marked the shift from an authoritative empire into a liberal empire.
C. It was the year Napoleon III gained control of the legislature.
D. It was the year Napoleon III permitted labor unions.
_____ 40. William Gladstone disestablished the Church of Ireland for what reason?
A. to eliminate the church’s competition with the Church of England
B. as a blow to Irish nationalists
C. as a concession to Irish nationalism
D. to begin the process of Irish home rule
SHORT ANSWER:
1. In what ways did the unification of Germany differ from the unification of Italy? In what
ways was it similar?
Topic: Italian Unification, German Unification
2. What reforms were instituted in Russia from 1855–1881? Did they solve Russia’s domestic
problems? Why did the abolition of serfdom not satisfy the peasants? What were the goals of
The People’s Will?
Topic: Russia: Emancipation and Revolutionary Stirrings