Download Levels of Organisation

Human Cell Biology
Understand the structure of eukaryotic
cells
Rachel Black
Chesterfield College
Topic
Cell Structure
Aims
 Detailed information into a structure and function of Organelles
Level
Level 3
Method
All PowerPoint slides, to be worked in small groups, group research tasks,
investigations, creation of labelled diagrams.
Equipment
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

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Laptop/Projector
Pens/Pencils
A4 paper for students to make notes
Hand-Outs
Duration
>30 Minutes
How you will learn…..
•
Taught lessons aim to give you a foundation knowledge of the subject, to
signpost you in the right direction.
•
Independent study is essential to gain merit & distinctions.
•
Class work will consist of:
– Lectures
– Group research tasks and presentations (this will help prepare you for
assessed presentations and higher education) – BYOD if possible.
– Practical investigations
– Creation of labelled diagrams (helps organise ideas and consolidate
learning)
– A range of other learning methods
Human Cell Biology
•
Lesson Objectives:
– Describe the structure of eukaryotic cells and identify the nucleus, cell
membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, mitochondria, Golgi
body and lysosomes from electron micrographs.
•
– Estimate the size of cells and organelles from microscope study or
photographs.
16
Levels of
Organisation
Starting with the body, what comes next?
Levels of
Organisation
Body
Systems
What systems can you
name?
Levels of
Organisation
Body
Systems
Organs
What organs can you
name?
Levels of
Organisation
Body
Systems
Organs
Tissues
Levels of
Organisation
Tissues – What are the 4 tissue types?
Smooth
Muscular
What is the largest involuntary
smooth muscle in women?
Uterus
What is the largest involuntary
smooth muscle in Men?
Nervous
Digestive tract
Connective
Epithelial
Tissues can be divided into
further categories
Levels of
Organisation
Tissues – What are the 4 tissue types?
Smooth
Muscular
Cardiac
Skeletal
Nervous
Why is the heart muscle
different?
The heart beats approx
70bpm
Can you clench and
unclench your fist that
many times in a minute?
What happens to your
hand?
Connective
Epithelial
Tissues can be divided into
further categories
Levels of
Organisation
Tissues – What are the 4 tissue types?
Smooth
Muscular
Cardiac
Skeletal
Nervous
Connective
Epithelial
e.g. Neurones
e.g. Blood,
cartilage
e.g. Skin
Tissues can be divided into
further categories
Levels of
Organisation
Body
Systems
Organs
Tissues
Cells
This is the level that we will be exploring
Cells
•
•
•
•
What is a cell?
What do cells do?
Can you name some types of cell?
What’s inside a cell?
Discuss your ideas in small groups and record your
ideas.
Cells
• There are different classifications of cells
Eukaryotic
Complex cells e.g.
Animal cells
Prokaryotic
Simpler cells
e.g. Bacteria
Eukaryotic Cells
• We are going to focus on human cells which are eukaryotes.
• The contents of a cell are contained by a membrane.
• Within the membrane bound cell there are many smaller
structures called organelles.
•
The different organelles have different
functions, which allow the cell, tissue
and organs to perform their specific
roles.
Organelles
Lets explore what the different organelles are, what they look
like and what they do.
There are many different types of organelle, the main ones we will
focus on are:
nucleus,
cell membrane,
endoplasmic reticulum,
ribosomes,
mitochondria,
Golgi body
lysosomes
What do you already know
about these organelles?
Organelles
Cell Membrane
(Plasma Membrane)
• Boundary between
cells.
•
Controls movement
of substances in
and out of cell
Nucleus
• The ‘brain’ of
the cell.
• Controls cell
activity.
Cell
Membrane
(Plasma
Membrane)
Nucleus
Cytosol – solution
inside the cell that
bathes the organelles
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Cell Membrane
(Plasma
Membrane)
Nucleus
Nucleoplasm
Nuclear envelope
Endoplasmic
reticulum (ER)
Rough ER – covered with
ribosomes.
•
Where proteins are
assembled
Ribosomes
•
Site of protein synthesis
•
Transport vehicle for proteins.
Smooth ER - no
ribosomes.
•
Where steroids and
lipids (fats) are
assembled
Mitochondria
Mitochondria
• The ‘Power pack’ of the
cell.
• Site of cellular
respiration.
• Produce ATP (Energy)
Golgi Body
AKA the Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex
Golgi body
•
Substances, such as protein,
are modified in the Golgi
body to make them useful
and are transported in
lysosomes
Lysosomes
• Bud off from the Golgi body
• Contain digestive enzymes
that can break down large
molecules.
Identify the
Organelle
Golgi Body
Cell
Membrane
(Plasma
Membrane)
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Lysosome
Rough ER
Cytosol
Ribosomes
Smooth ER
Identify the
Organelle
Work in small groups to identify the organelles from the electron
micrograph.
Look Closely!
Think about what shapes the organelles are.