Download Key Points to Infection Control

Key Points to
Infection Control
Dr. Medhat Lamfon
Ministry National Guard Health Affairs – KAMC-WR
The GOAL of an Infection
Prevention and Control program is
to reduce the risk of endemic and
epidemic nosocomial infections in
patients, visitors and staff.
Endemic
The usual incidence of disease within a
geographic area during a specified time period.
Epidemic
An excess over the expected incidence of
disease within a geographic area during a
specified time period.
Pandemic
An epidemic that affects several countries
or continents.
Outbreak
Synonymous with epidemic but a term
often preferred when dealing with the public;
does not evoke the same fear response as the
term epidemic.
Nosocomial Infection
“Hospital
Acquired Infection or
Healthcare Associated Infection”
( HAI )
An infection meeting the following criteria:
a) Not present or incubating on admission.
b) An infection incubating at the time of admission
that is related to previous hospitalization at the
same facility or identified in an admission following
performance of a procedure during a previous
admission (e.g., a surgical site infection identified
in a patient presenting to the emergency
department 10 days after thoracic surgery).
Chain of Infection
Causative
Agent
Mode of
Transmission
How to Break the
Chain of
Infection????
Preventive Measures
• Standard Precautions
• Expanded Precautions
(Transmission-Based Precautions)
STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
 A method of infection prevention and control
designed to be used for the care of all patients
(regardless of their diagnosis), all personnel &
visitors, in which all human blood and body
substances (blood, body fluids, secretions,
excretions, non-intact skin and mucous
membranes) are considered potentially infectious.
 Used to break the chain of infection transmission
& is used in conjunction with Isolation
Precautions.
REQUIREMENTS FOR
STANDARD PRECAUTIONS

HAND HYGIENE
Before aseptic tasks
After touching blood, body fluids, secretions,
excretions, contaminated items.
Immediately after removing gloves
Between patient contacts
After touching the environment, surfaces,
equipment
HANDWASHING- use of soap & water
Alternative to hand washing
ALCOHOL-BASED HANDRUB- Waterless, accessible
and can be used as long as hands are not visibly soiled.
5 MOMENTS OF HAND
HYGIENE
 Before patient contact
 Before aseptic tasks
 After body fluids exposure
 After patient contact
 After contact with patient
surrounding/environment
To effectively reduce the growth of germs on hands,
handwashing must last 40-60 secs and should be
performed by following all steps illustrated.
To effectively reduce the growth of germs on hands,
handrubbing must be performed 20-30 secs by
following all steps illustrated.
REQUIREMENTS FOR
STANDARD PRECAUTION
 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT (PPE)
GLOVES
For touching blood, body fluids, excretions,
contaminated items.
For touching mucous membranes, non-intact skin
Wash hands immediately after removal of gloves
MASK, EYE PROTECTION, GOGGLES/FACE SHIELD
To protect mucous membranes of the eyes, nose
and mouth during procedures and patient-care
activities likely to generate splashes or sprays of
blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions.
REQUIREMENTS FOR
STANDARD PRECAUTION
GOWN/PLASTIC APRONS
To protect skin and prevent of clothing during
procedures and patient-care activities likely to
generate splashes or sprays of blood, body fluids,
secretions, excretions
 LABORATORY SPECIMENS
 Place specimens in designated, appropriately
sealed containers
 Transfer to the lab in an upright position as
promptly as possible
REQUIREMENTS FOR
STANDARD PRECAUTION
 RESPIRATORY HYGIENE OR COUGH
ETIQUETTE
 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL
 CLEANING OF ROOM SHOULD BE DAILY
AND AFTER DISCHARGE
 SAFE INJECTION PRACTICES
 PATIENT PLACEMENT
REQUIREMENTS FOR
STANDARD PRECAUTION
 HANDLING/DISPOSAL OF
CONTAMINATED ITEMS
Needles/Sharps (Reporting)
Linen/Laundry Items
Medical Waste
What you will do if you have needle
stick injury?
First Aid
 If you experienced a needlestick or sharps injury or
were exposed to the blood or other body fluid ,follow
these steps:
Percutaneous injuries :
 Wash needle sticks and cuts with soap and water.
 Then apply isopropyl alcohol 70%
 Bandage appropriately
Mucocutaneous and non intact skin exposures :
 Flush splashes to the nose, mouth, or non-intact skin with
water.
 Irrigate eyes with clean or sterile water or saline.
 Flush site for 10 minutes.
2. Reporting the Injury
 The employee should report the incident to his/her
supervisor and complete a Safety Reporting System (SRS)
report.
The report should include:
 The date and time of the incident
 The location where the incident occurred
 The department where the employee works
 The source patient Medical Record Number (MRN), if
known
 3. If the source patient is known to be HIV-positive, the
employee should go directly to the Emergency room
immediately for further investigation.
REQUIREMENTS FOR
STANDARD PRECAUTION
 PATIENT CARE EQUIPMENT
soiled patient-care equipment should be handled in a
manner to prevent skin mucous membrane
exposures, contamination of clothing, and transfer of
microorganisms to other patients and to the
environment.
Reusable equipment must be cleaned/disinfected or
reprocessed before use in the care of the another
patient.
Expanded Precautions
(Transmission-based Precautions)
 Airborne Precautions
 Droplet Precautions
 Contact Precautions
Contact Precautions
Components:
 Hand hygiene
 Gown
 Gloves
Examples:
 MRSA, VRE, MDRO etc
 RSV
 C. difficile, Norovirus
(hand washing)
Droplet
Precautions
Components:
 Hand hygiene
 Gown
 Mask (remove in room)
 Gloves
Examples:
 N. meningitidis
 Influenza and other
respiratory viruses
Airborne Precautions
Components:
 Hand hygiene
 Respirator (N95)
-Remove mask outside of room
-Keep door closed (Negative
Pressure)
Examples:
 M. tuberculosis
 Measles
 Varicella (Chickenpox) with
contact
Infection Prevention & Control Manual
(Infection Prevention & Control Program)
Table of Contents
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
POLICY
Joint Commission International Accreditation (JCIA) Standard
ICM-I-01
Surveillance Prevention and Control of Infection (PCI)
Infection Control Committee Responsibilities
ICM-I-02
Infection Prevention and Control Program
ICM-I-04
Reporting Communicable Diseases to the Ministry of Health
ICM-I-05
Ministry of Health Reporting Forms
ICM-I-06
STANDARD INFECTION CONTROL POLICIES
Reporting Infections and Infection Concerns
ICM-II-01
Requesting Infection Control Review and Consultation
ICM-II-02
Standard Precautions
ICM-II-03
Hand Hygiene
ICM-II-04
Aseptic Technique
ICM-II-05
Therapeutic Procedures
ICM-II-06
ISOLATION PROCEDURES
Epidemiology of Infection
ICM-III-01
Isolation (Expanded) Precautions
ICM-III-02
Contact Isolation Precautions
ICM-III-03
Droplet Isolation Precautions
ICM-III-04
Airborne Isolation Precautions
ICM-III-05
Isolation System: A Quick Reference Guide
ICM-III-06
Initiating and Discontinuing Isolation
ICM-III-07
Single Room Use for Isolation Precautions
ICM-III-08
Transporting Patients on Isolation Precautions
ICM-III-09
Patients and Sitters in Isolation: Infection Control Education &
ICM-III-10
Compliance
Negative Pressure Room Monitoring
ICM-III-11
Management of Influx of Airborne Infectious Diseases
ICM-III-12
INFECTION CONTROL POLICIES RELATED TO SPECIFIC DISEASES
Multidrug Resistant Organisms (MDRO) Management
ICM-IV-01
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Management
ICM-IV-02
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE) Management
ICM-IV-03
Hepatitis A Virus Exposure Management
ICM-IV-04
Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Management
ICM-IV-05
Pediculosis / Scabies Management
ICM-IV-06
Rabies Exposure Management
ICM-IV-07
Rabies Specimen Acquisition, Handling, and Shipment to Ministry of
ICM-IV-08
Agriculture Laboratory
Management of Patients With Suspected Severe Acute Respiratory
ICM-IV-09
Syndrome (SARS)
Rapid MRSA Surveillance
ICM-IV-10
Clostridium Difficile Infection Management
ICM-IV-11
POLICIES RELATED TO TUBERCULOSIS
Tuberculin Skin Testing: Administration and Interpretation
ICM-V-01
Contact Tracing, Screening, and Treatment of Tuberculosis in Health
ICM-V-02
Care Workers
Management of Suspected/ Confirmed Cases of Infectious Tuberculosis ICM-V-03
Management of Patients with Infectious Tuberculosis in the Operating
ICM-V-04
Room
Tracing Contacts of Infectious Tuberculosis Patients Other Than Health ICM-V-05
Care Workers
EMPLOYEE AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH POLICIES
Occupational Health Program Services for Healthcare Workers
ICM-VI-01
Pre-Employment Assessment
ICM-VI-02
Immunization Guidelines For Healthcare Workers
ICM-VI-03
Work Restrictions for Healthcare Workers Exposed To or Infected With ICM-VI-04
Infectious Diseases
Pregnant Healthcare Workers
ICM-VI-05
THANK YOU!
Infection Prevention and Control Department
KAMC-WR