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Name ____________________________________ Per ____ Siddhartha by Hermann Hesse 13 Unit 1 Test and Essay Handout Siddhartha Handout packet 14 Journal: Should we try to protect children from the mistakes we made? Discuss Part I: 1-4 Study Guide Questions Fishbowl Chapter Chart Religion Caste System – student notes 15 Journal: What’s the difference between knowledge and wisdom? Discuss Part II: 5-8 Study Guide Questions Fishbowl Chapter Chart Writing Style 16 Journal: Describe the most successful person you know. Discuss Part III: 9-12 Study Guide Questions Fishbowl Chapter Chart Herman Hesse Assign Chapter Analyses 17 Journal: What stage of the Siddharthan journey are you at? Writing Exercise Work Chapter Analyses 18 Present Chapter Analyses 19 TEST: 4 one-paragraph analyses SGQ Part I: 1-4 (3-42) SGQ Part II: 5-8 (45100) SGQ Part III: 9-12 (101-152) Prepare Chapter Analyses Finish Chapter Analyses Prepare for essay test Chapter Analyses You will be in groups of two, and you will have most of one class to prepare the following: Give brief summary of events How does Siddhartha change (emotionally) over the course of this chapter? What life/religious/philosophy events happen that corresponds to that change? Use a thesis and concrete details to convey this change. Create a poster that communicates the ideas effectively Read a short passage (3/4 page max) that illustrates a key moment Time: 3-5 minutes **Make sure you include the title of your chapter ** Note that some chapters feature more change than others, and that some change is deliberate while other change is unconscious. The goal is a presentation on the philosophy of each chapter. Chapter Summaries 1. The Brahmin’s Son 5. Kamala 9. The Ferryman 2. Among the Samanas 6. Amongst the People 10. The Son 3. Gautama 7. Samsara 11. Om 4. Awakening 8. By the River 12. Govinda The Brahmin’s Son (1) 1. 2. 3. 4. Study Guide Questions for homework Why is Siddhartha unhappy? Why is Govinda willing to follow him? Describe the Samanas. How did Siddhartha convince his father? Fishbowl Questions for in-class discussion 1. What is the author’s tone towards the Semanas? 2. Why doesn’t Siddhartha’s mother have more of a role in his life? With the Samanas (2) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Study Guide Questions for homework How does he act when he is with the Samanas? What is his goal? What frustrates him? According to Siddhartha, what can one learn? Who is Gotama? Fishbowl Questions for in-class discussion 1. How does Siddhartha meditate? 2. Complete the quote: “I could have learned more quickly and easily _____.” Explain. 3. What does Siddhartha do with the oldest Samana? What does that feat show? Gotama (3) Study Guide Questions for homework 1. How is Gotama different from the Samanas? 2. Why does Govinda join him? Why won’t Siddhartha? 3. How does Siddhartha say he will find enlightenment? Fishbowl Questions for in-class discussion 1. Gotama asks him if his (Gotama’s) followers will also find enlightenment. Siddhartha dodges this question. How? 2. What has the Buddha robbed from him? What has he given? Awakening (4) Study Guide Questions for homework 1. What does Siddhartha decide to study? How is that the one field he has been ignorant in? 2. Why does he feel an “icy chill”? He compares himself to a star. How is that so? 3. What Siddhartha “awakes” from his dream, what does he see for the first time? Fishbowl Questions for in-class discussion 1. How is he different now? 2. What is the “Self”? Why has it occupied Siddhartha so? Kamala (5) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Study Guide Questions for homework What dream does Siddhartha see? What does Siddhartha think of the Ferryman and of the river? How does Siddhartha prepare for Kamala? What does he want from her? What three things can Siddhartha do? Who is Kamaswami? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Fishbowl Questions for in-class discussion How has his point of view changed? How does the writing style reflect this? “To obey no other eternal command ___. Nothing else was necessary.” Explain. Why doesn’t Siddhartha “ascend the tree” with the woman? Hesse uses a simile to describe Kamala’s mouth. What is it? What does it say about the woman? When Siddhartha receives his first kiss, the style changes. How? Why? Siddhartha compares himself to a stone. How is this so? Amongst the People (6) Study Guide Questions for homework 1. What makes Siddhartha good at business? 2. What does his four-day trip to the village show about him? How could that be good business? 3. What does Siddhartha’s inner voice say? How is life “flowing past” him? 1. 2. 3. 4. Fishbowl Questions for in-class discussion For all of his holy skills, in the end, why does Kamaswami hire him? Answer this thoughtfully: What did Kamala teach him? What is a Samana heart? How are Siddhartha and Kamala similar? Samsara (7) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Study Guide Questions for homework What had Siddhartha learned “amongst” the people? Does Siddhartha have a bad life? What’s good about it? Describe the Kamala dream. Describe the bird dream. Why does he feel dead? 1. 2. 3. 4. Fishbowl Questions for in-class discussion How does his dice playing echo his real life? What does the Kamala dream mean? What does the bird dream mean? Why is it important that Kamala is pregnant? Why out of that last trip? By the River (8) Study Guide Questions for homework 1. Why does Siddhartha wish to kill himself? Fishbowl Questions for in-class discussion 1. What is the tone in this section? Is it entirely serious? 2. What sound does he hear? How does he react? 3. How is he different when he wakes up? Who is wish him? 4. What does Siddhartha start lecturing his friend about? The Ferryman (9) Study Guide Questions for homework 1. What does Siddhartha learn from the Ferryman? 2. What do people say about the two of them? 3. Describe the events surrounding Kamala’s meeting Siddhartha again. Fishbowl Questions for in-class discussion 1. How is the dynamic between Siddhartha and Kamala similar? 2. How is it different? The Son (10) 1. 2. 3. 4. Study Guide Questions for homework How does young Siddhartha take advantage of the father? Why doesn’t Siddhartha punish him? Why does the son hate his father? Why did he break the oar? Fishbowl Questions for in-class discussion 1. Why are Siddhartha’s parenting techniques not working? What is he attempting to do? 2. How can love be “Samsara”? 3. In losing his son, what might Siddhartha have gained? Om (11) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Study Guide Questions for homework What “wound” does he now have? What is the different light that he sees people in? What does the river do when Siddhartha goes to see his son? Siddhartha and Vasudeva listen to the river – what do they hear? Where does Vasudeva go? Fishbowl Questions for in-class discussion 1. What has been his biggest change since becoming a ferryman? As a result, how does the tone change? 2. How does the river serve as a metaphor for the nature of life? 3. Where does Vasudeva really go? Govinda (12) Study Guide Questions for homework 1. Why is thre still restlessness in Govinda’s heart? 2. What is wrong with seeking, according to Siddhartha? Fishbowl Questions for in-class discussion 1. Why doesn’t Siddhartha have a doctrine? 2. How can wisdom not be communicable? 3. What is the difference between seeking and finding? 4. What is the symbolism of the stone? 5. How can Nirvana and Samsara be the same? 6. What does Govinda see Siddhartha do? What does this show about Siddhartha’s final change? Additional questions for Fishbowl discussion: Should Siddhartha have followed Buddah, or was he right to reject him? What teachers does Siddhartha have in his life? Does he learn from them? In “Kamala” and “Amongst the People” is Siddhartha truly living? Will he be able to understand his physical self this way? What does Siddhartha’s dream in “Kamala” represent? (pg. 48) When Siddhartha says “People like us cannot love” (p. 72) what does he mean? Do you agree? What value statement does “Samsara” make about physical pleasures? What does the river symbolize? Siddhartha realizes he loved Govinda – how does this fit with his realization about Kamala? What is Siddhartha learning from the river? What did Siddhartha learn from his son? How did this knowledge have an impact on his life? Was Siddhartha right in trying to reach his son with kindness? Siddhartha says “Knowledge can be communicated, but not wisdom” (p. 142). Do you agree? What is the difference between the seeking and finding? (p. 140) Siddhartha believes that words are bad because they only define half a truth. (p. 143) What does he mean? What is the connection between time and the dichotomous nature of the world? (p. 143-145) In other words, how does our concept of time help us to divide the world, and not see it as a unified whole? What does Govinda see in Siddhartha’s face? (p. 150) Did Siddhartha ever fully deny his Self? Or did he embrace it and understand it? Can you seek truth and still find peace? Subjects for possible themes from the book The inward journey, or searching for inner direction The duality of flesh and spirit in humanity Friends as opposites Finding a code of values Rejecting established thought to discover things on your own Physical pleasure vs. mental purity The concept of time in conflict with reality Glossary of terms used in Siddhartha Hindu, Sanskrit, Buddhist, and German. Advaita: non duality, identity of the spirit and matter - essentially are all 'one'. The philosophical belief that underlies the teaching in the Bhagavad Gita and Upanishads. There is only one Consciousness, one Supreme Spirit, despite multiplicity; this is the 'ultimate truth' in the text known to Vasudeva and Buddha. Atman: breath, principle of life, the individual soul; in the grammar of Sanskrit it is also used as the reflexive pronoun: oneself Bhagavad Gita: A series of discourses between Lord Krishna and the warrior prince Arjuna from which flow the essential teachings of Indian philosophy, equivalent to the New Testament. It forms one episode in India's Great Epic, the Mahabharata, written later than the 'classical' Upanishads. Brahman: from root 'bhri' to grow, expand, increase. Hence the 'swelling of soul' that leads to the meaning of the self existent, impersonal Spirit, the Absolute, the Eternal, the Universal essence from which all created things emanate or with which they are identified and to which they return; not generally an object of worship, but rather of meditation and knowledge. Brahmin: not to be confused with Brahman (see above). The priestly class, highest of the four division in ancient Hindu society; strictly speaking, one who knows and repeats Vedas, e.g. Siddhartha and his family. Buddha: from the Sanskrit root ' budh' 'to wake up', hence, The Awakened or Enlightened One. Hence Buddha is not a proper name but a title. Chandogya Upanishad: see under Upanishads. Cycle of rebirth: reincarnation is an essential belied in the East, not only in India. When we become one with out Creator (the heaven of Christianity) the chains of rebirth are broken for ever. For many, to achieve such a state (bliss) is the sole goal of human existence. Doppelganger: literally 'double', a common device in modern novels in which the author and the main character are generally one and the same person; a favorite method of writing of Hesse's. Gotama: Buddha's family name in the last of his earthly incarnations in the sixth century BC. Govinda: literally ' cowman'; one who looks after cows; Govinda is one of the thousand names of Krishna; another Govinda was the teacher of Shankara, founder of the monastic order in India; his commentaries on the Bhagavad Gita and Upanishads are accepted masterpieces. Grenzsituation: literally a 'borderline situation', 'crisis point', with necessitates and results in some action or change in events. Guru: a Sanskrit term having multiple meanings, the basic one being 'heavy or weighty', also meant a spiritual parent or preceptor from whom a youth receives instruction, prayer, the 'sastras' (rules sacred teachings). Hence the modern usage. Karma: literally 'action, works'. How is one to become free from the bonds of work and therefore from rebirth? This is a vast topic and linked to the belief in reincarnation; put simply, karma is one's individual fate (as the certain consequences of actions done in previous lives); what happens to us in this life is the direct result of actions performed in other incarnations. Hence the importance of 'action under knowledge', a key theme in the Bhagavad Gita and Upanishads. Kamala: literally 'a lotus flower', 'rose coloured or pale red', no doubt a reference to her lips. Her name is derived from Kama, the Hindu god of desire, sexual love, e.g. Kama Sutra. Kamaswami: a name made from Kama (see above) and swami meaning 'master', owner, but more usually as a title to a monk or ascetic. The compound name in the context of the book 'a master of desire', the role of Kamaswami in this book. Krishna: Krishna and Rama are the two most famous earthly incarnations of Vishnu. Many legends surround the figure of Krishna as a great hero and teacher. In more recent legends he is often represented as a young and amorous flute playing shepherd, the eighth son of Vasudeva. Lakshmi: Goddess of beauty, prosperity and good luck. In later mythology often regarded as the wife of Vishnu or Narayana. Like Venus, she was born from the ocean's foam. Magadha: In ancient India this was a kingdom near the present day state of Bihar. Mara: from the root 'mri', meaning killing or destroying (cf. English 'murder'). Hence the Evil One, the Destroyer, who tempts men to indulge their passions and is seen as the great enemy of Buddha and of his religion. Maya: a Sanskrit term denoting illusion, the physical world of appearances that surrounds us, blinding us to the reality behind it. Maya is that power in Nature that creates this illusion. The work of spiritual aspirants is to seek and experience the unity behind apparent multiplicity. Nirvana: from the root 'nirva', to blow out, extinguish. Hence, when all desires and passions are extinguished the highest bliss or beatitude, reunion with the Supreme Spirit, may be experienced. Om: pronounced (Aum); whole texts have been written on this sound. Simply; it appears in the Upanishads as a mystic monosyllable, the object of this profound religious meditation. Later it came to represent the Hindu triad, Vishnu, Siva, Brahma. Om often begins and ends prayers, chants and meditations. Prajapati: from Sanskrit prefix 'pra' plus root 'jan', to be born, produce, create and 'pati', father lord, etc. Hence the meaning 'Father of creation, Protector of Life'. Rig Veda: the oldest of the Vedas (see Veda). Sakyamuni: compound of 'sakya', the Buddha's family name and 'muni', sage, seer, saint. In the book the term is rendered as 'the wise man from the race of Sakya'. Sansara: a Sanskrit term meaning 'circuit of mundane existence', the existence within worldly illusion. What befalls Siddhartha when he leaves the Samanas and joins the world of Kamaswami and Kamala aptly describes, in this context, what Hesse intends to convey by using the term. Samana: a variant of the Sanskrit 'sramana', to exert oneself, become weary, hence the meaning of performing 'acts of austerity', etc. Its opposite is 'ashram', a place to rest, retreat from the toils of this life and world. Satyam: Sanskrit for 'true, real, pure', that which abides and exists beyond 'maya', illusion. Savathi: at the time of Buddha the capital of Kosala, the present day province of Oudh. Self: one's innermost being, the 'embodied or individual self', as opposed to the small self or ego. As such the embodied self is a minute part of God Himself: it is this truth which is realized in selfrealization / enlightenment, in the experience of unity. This is what both Govinda and Siddhartha seek. Siddhartha: In Sanskrit a compound of 'siddha', acquired, accomplished, fulfilled, gained and of 'artha', aim use, purpose, wealth, opulence; hence literally 'the wealth accrued to one who has fulfilled his aim'. The greatest wealth being self-realization / enlightenment. Sutra: Sanskrit for 'thread', from 'siv', to sew; see French 'suture'. Also 'that which runs through and holds things together'. Hence aphorisms, manuals, treatises, e.g. Dharma-sutras. Sva-tantra: Sanskrit, literally meaning 'self or own' - 'system or model, class', etc. hence that which has the system within itself. Compare with , 'the kingdom of Heaven is within us'. The Eight Fold Path: Following on from the Buddha's famous Four noble Truths, a) that life is suffering b) suffering results in desires c) to stop suffering, stop desiring, d) to stop desiring there is the eight fold path. This path consists of 1) right views, 2) right livelihood, 3) right speech, 4) right action, 5) right livelihood, 6) right effort, 7) right awareness, 8) right concentration. The Potter's Wheel: A very common image in Sanskrit texts, despite the diverse forms created by the potter, the tool (the wheel) is the same. There is the tool then and the energy which is placed into is by the potter. Man (the tool) and God the potter, and life the various creations resulting. Ubermensch: Literally 'over - or superman', both of which hardly do justice to the meaning implied by Nietzsche and therefore best left as it is. In context of Siddhartha, however, and as a guide, the sense is closer to out notion of 'hero'. Upanishads: According to some 'the sitting down at the feet of another to listen to his words', acquiring profound secretive knowledge in this manner. But native authorities claim that the term means 'setting at rest ignorance by revealing the knowledge of the supreme spirit'. In the Upanishads nothing is spoken of as a means to the attainment of the highest end of man (enlightenment) of the self and Brahman; texts such as Isha, Kena, Brihadaranyaka are well worth our study. The novel mentions others. Vasudeva: Name of the father of Krishna; the root 'vas' means to dwell or to shine' hence we may interpret the name as 'one in whom all things dwell or 'who dwells/shines in all things'. Veda: from the root 'vid', to know; that body of sacred knowledge which constitutes the basis of the first period of the Hindu religion. Major texts are the Rig, Yajur and Sama Vedas. Vedanta: An amalgamation of Veda, to know, and 'anta' means end, hence Vedanta either means the 'complete knowledge of the Vedas', or that which comes as the end of such writings, which are the UPanishads. The chief doctrine of Vedanta, as expounded by Shankara, is 'Advaita', the view that nothing really exits but the One Self or Supreme Soul, Brahman. Vishnu: The preserver as the second Godhead in the Hindu trinity. His name stems from the root 'vish', all pervader. In many places today he is the most popular deity in Hindu worship. Yoga-Veda: This does not exist as such. Hesse probably extrapolated with the word Yoga-sutra. In the novel he employs the term, however, with its original meaning of 'knowledge about the practices of yoga'. Yoga: In Sanskrit, the root verb 'yuj' meaning to join, yoke, unite, connect etc. has a plethora of uses. In Siddhartha it's concerned with the 'integration' which the practices of yoga bring about. These are the disciplines of the four paths of traditional yoga: bhakti (devotion), karma (action), jnana (knowledge), raja (meditation); strictly speaking, the purpose of all yogic practice is to concentrate the mind to obtain union with the Universal Spirit; hence those who think that yoga means 'asanas' (postures) and nothing else are mistaken. Yoga has eight limbs or aspects. Rubric for Presentations 7 = superior 6 = above average 5 = meets expectations 4 = meets most requirements 3 = does not meet most requirements 2-1 = makes reference to (but does not address) requirements The Brahmin’s Son Thesis Names Depth of Analysis Equal Responsibilities With the Samanas Thesis Thesis Depth of Analysis Thesis Depth of Analysis Thesis Depth of Analysis Thesis Equal Responsibilities Poster Presentation Style A 35-32 B 31-28 C 27-25 D 24-21 TOTAL Poster Presentation Style A 35-32 B 31-28 C 27-25 D 24-21 TOTAL Poster Presentation Style A 35-32 B 31-28 C 27-25 D 24-21 TOTAL Poster Presentation Style A 35-32 B 31-28 C 27-25 D 24-21 TOTAL Poster Presentation Style A 35-32 B 31-28 C 27-25 D 24-21 TOTAL Names Depth of Analysis Equal Responsibilities Amongst the People TOTAL Names Equal Responsibilities Kamala A 35-32 B 31-28 C 27-25 D 24-21 Names Equal Responsibilities Awakening Presentation Style Names Equal Responsibilities Gotama Poster Names Depth of Analysis Samsara Thesis Names Depth of Analysis Equal Responsibilities By the River Thesis Thesis Depth of Analysis Thesis Depth of Analysis TOTAL Poster Presentation Style A 35-32 B 31-28 C 27-25 D 24-21 TOTAL Poster Presentation Style A 35-32 B 31-28 C 27-25 D 24-21 TOTAL Poster Presentation Style A 35-32 B 31-28 C 27-25 D 24-21 TOTAL Poster Presentation Style A 35-32 B 31-28 C 27-25 D 24-21 TOTAL Poster Presentation Style A 35-32 B 31-28 C 27-25 D 24-21 TOTAL Names Depth of Analysis Equal Responsibilities Om A 35-32 B 31-28 C 27-25 D 24-21 Names Equal Responsibilities The Son Presentation Style Names Equal Responsibilities The Ferryman Poster Names Thesis Depth of Analysis Equal Responsibilities Govinda Thesis Equal Responsibilities Names Depth of Analysis