Download Yr 10 Chemistry Revision Test

AQA Knowledge test Unit 1 Chemistry C1
C1.1 The fundamental Ideas in Chemistry
C1.1.1 Atoms
1. What is an atom?
2. What is an element?
3. Match the name of the element with the symbol
Element
Symbol
Oxygen
O
Sodium
Na
HYDROGEN
H
LITHIUM
Li
Copper
Cu
Potassium
K
ARGON
Ar
CALCIUM
Ca
4. Draw and label the structure of an atom. Ensure that you include the
following key words:
Nucleus
Protons
Neutrons Electrons
5. Complete the table below
Name of Particle
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Charge
+
NO CHARGE
-
Mass
1
1
NEGLIGIBLE
6. Why do atoms have no overall electrical charge?
7. What does the atomic number tell you?
8. What does the mass number tell you?
9. Copy and complete the table
Element
Symbol Atomic
Number
Mass
Number
Number Number Number
of
of
of
Protons Neutrons Electrons
Hydrogen
H
1
1
1
0
1
HELIUM
He
2
4
4
2
2
LITHIUM
Li
3
7
3
4
3
BERYLLIUM
Be
4
9
4
5
4
BORON
B
5
11
5
6
5
10.Draw diagrams to show the electronic structure of the elements above.
PiXL AQA Knowledge Test Unit 2 Chemistry 1: C1 GCSE Science A for certification June 2014 onwards
C1.1.2 The Periodic Table
1. Complete the table
Group Number
Number of Electrons in Outer Energy Level (Shell)
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
0
8
2. What is a period?
3. Why do elements in the same group of the periodic table have similar
properties?
Same number of electrons in their outer shell.
4. Describe the reaction of alkali metals with water.
Lithium, sodium and potassium all react vigorously with water.
metal + water → metal hydroxide + hydrogen
5. What happens to the reactivity of group 1 metals as you go down the
group?
It increases.
6. Label each of the group of the periodic table below.
7. Why are the elements in group 0 (the noble gases) are very unreactive?
They have a full outer shell.
PiXL AQA Knowledge Test Unit 2 Chemistry 1: C1 GCSE Science A for certification June 2014 onwards
C1.1.3 Chemical Reactions
For the chemical reaction:
1. Write the word equation
Identify how many of each element there is in each compound
CaCO3
CaO + CO2
Calcium carbonate
Calcium oxide + Carbon dioxide
Calcium carbonate – 1 calcium, 1 carbon and 3 oxygens.
Calcium oxide – 1 calcium and 1 oxygen
Carbondioxide – 1 carbon and two oxygens.
2. What is an ion?
A charged particle.
3. What type of bonding occurs between:
a. Metal and non-metals?
Ionic bonding
b. Two non-metals?
Covalent bonding
4. Complete the table about forming ions:
Metal/Non-metal
Gain/Lose Electrons?
Metal
lose
Non-Metal
gain
Positive/Negative Ion?
+
-
5. Draw a diagram showing the bonding between sodium and chlorine to form
sodium chloride.
6. Draw a diagram to show how hydrogen and oxygen bond together to form
H2O.
O
H
H
PiXL AQA Knowledge Test Unit 2 Chemistry 1: C1 GCSE Science A for certification June 2014 onwards
C1.2 Limestone and Building Materials
C1.2.1 Calcium Carbonate
1. What is limestone made from?
Calcium Carbonate
2. How do you get limestone out of the ground?
By quarrying.
3. What is limestone used for?
Used as a building material. It is also used in the chemical industry and for
cosmetics.
4. What is thermal decomposition?
Breaking down of a chemical by heating.
5. Write the word and symbol equations for the thermal decomposition of
calcium carbonate.
CaCO3  CaO + CO2
Calcium carbonate
Calcium oxide + Carbon dioxide
6. What happens to magnesium carbonate, copper carbonate, zinc carbonate
when they are heated?
They thermally decompose.
7. Write word and symbol equations to show what happens when calcium
oxide reacts with water. What can the product be used for?
CaO + H2O  Ca(OH)2
Calcium oxide + Water
Calcium hydroxide
8. What can you use to rest for Carbon Dioxide? What would a positive test
be?
Limewater, it goes cloudy/milky
9. What happens to limestone statues when exposed to acid rain?
They react with the acid and dissolve.
10.Complete the following:
11.Limestone + Heat + Clay = CEMENT
12.Cement + Sand = MORTAR
13.Cement + Sand + Aggregate = CONCRETE
14.List the advantages of a limestone quarry.
Provide jobs
Lead to improved roads
Filled in to make fishing
When empty used as landfill sites
PiXL AQA Knowledge Test Unit 2 Chemistry 1: C1 GCSE Science A for certification June 2014 onwards
15.List the disadvantages of a limestone quarry.
Destroys habitats
Increased emissions
Noisy & Dusty
Busier roads
C1.3 Metals and Their Uses
C1.3.1 Extracting Metals
1. What is an ore?
A metal compound within a rock.
2. Explain why it is possible to find gold in the Earth as a metal.
It is unreactive.
3. What does the reactivity series show us?
The order of the reactivity of metals .
4. List the metals in the reactivity series, in the correct order.
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Zinc
Iron
Lead
Copper
Silver
Gold
5. Where is carbon in the reactivity series?
Between aluminium and zinc.
6. Describe the two ways carbon is extracted from copper rich ores.
1. Smelting: Heat copper ore in a furnace with air.
Then use electrolysis to purify the copper. Expensive as needs lots of heat
and power.
2. Copper Sulphate: Add sulphuric acid to a copper ore. Produces copper
sulphate. Extract copper using electrolysis or displacement.
7. What is electrolysis?
In a solution or molten compound when electricity is passed through it
positive metal ions move towards the negative electrode. Negative nonmetal ions move towards the positive electrode.
PiXL AQA Knowledge Test Unit 2 Chemistry 1: C1 GCSE Science A for certification June 2014 onwards
8. What is phytomining?
Using plants to absorb copper from low grade ores.
9. What is bioleaching?
Using bacteria to feed on low grade ores. They produce a waste that
contains copper ions.
10.Why are these processes important?
They can extract copper from low grade ores so that less mining of ores is
needed.
11.How can carbon be used to extract a metal from its ore?
Carbon removes (REDUCES) the oxygen from the ores when it is heated
with it.
12.What method do we use to extract more reactive metals such as
aluminium?
Electrolysis.
13.What methods do we use to extract less reactive metals that carbon?
Reduction.
14.List some properties and uses of Aluminium.
Light, Low density, Oxide layer on the surface prevents corrosion.
15.Why is aluminium expensive?
Expensive to process – need lots of heat and electricity.
16.List some properties of uses of Titanium.
Strong, Oxide layer on the surface prevents corrosion, High melting point – so
can be used at high temperatures, Less dense than most metals.
17.Why is titanium expensive?
Expensive – lots of steps involved to process and needs lots of heat and
electricity.
18.Why is it important that we recycle metals?
Reduces energy needed to process from ore, less pollution due to burning of
fossil fuels. Less disruption to the landscape or habitats.
PiXL AQA Knowledge Test Unit 2 Chemistry 1: C1 GCSE Science A for certification June 2014 onwards
C1.3.2 Alloys
1. What impact do impurities have on the properties of iron when it comes
from the blast furnace?
The impurities make it brittle and so it has limited uses.
2. What is steel?
An alloy of carbon and iron.
3. What are the properties of high carbon steel?
Very hard.
4. What are the properties of low carbon steel?
Easily shaped.
5. What are the properties of stainless steel?
Resistant to corrosion.
6. Why do we convert copper, gold, iron and aluminium into alloys?
In their pure forms they are very soft.
C1.3.3 Properties and uses of metals
1. Where in the periodic table are the transition metals?
Middle section.
2. What is malleable?
Can be bent into a shape.
3. What properties of copper make it good for electrical wiring?
Very good conductor of electricity and not very reactive.
4. What properties of copper make it good for plumbing?
5. Easily bent into shape and not very reactive.
PiXL AQA Knowledge Test Unit 2 Chemistry 1: C1 GCSE Science A for certification June 2014 onwards
C1.4 Crude Oil and Fuels
C1.4.1 Crude Oil
1. What is crude oil?
A mixture of lots of different compounds. Formed from dead sea
creatures over millions of years.
2. What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound made of hydrogen and carbon.
3. What is an alkane?
Hydrocarbons with single C-C bonds.
4. Give the general formula of an alkane.
CnH2n+2.
PiXL AQA Knowledge Test Unit 2 Chemistry 1: C1 GCSE Science A for certification June 2014 onwards
C1.4.2 Hydrocarbons
Complete the following table
Alkane
Number
Number of
of
Hydrogens
Carbons
Methane
1
4
Formula
Structure
CH4
Ethane
2
6
C2H6
Propane
3
8
C3H8
1. What is fractional distillation?
Heating crude oil to separate it into hydrocarbon/ fractions with different
boiling points.
2. What is a boiling point?
When a liquid turns into a gas
3. Where do substances with high boiling points condense in the fractionating
column?
Towards the bottom
4. Where do substances with low boiling points condense in the fractionating
column?
Towards the top
5. How does the length of the carbon chain affect the following:
6. Boiling point
Longer chain higher boiling point, shorter chain lower boiling point
7. Viscosity (how it flows)
Longer chain more viscous, shorter chain less viscous
8. Flammability
PiXL AQA Knowledge Test Unit 2 Chemistry 1: C1 GCSE Science A for certification June 2014 onwards
Longer chain higher less flammable, shorter chain more flammable
C1.4.3 Hydrocarbon Fuels
1. Complete the following equation for the combustion of hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbon + oxygen
carbon dioxide + water
2. What gas is produced when there is not enough oxygen for a fuel to burn?
Carbon monoxide
3. Name 3 impurities produced when fossil fuels burn and state why they are
harmful.
Sulfur Dioxide
Nitrogen Oxide
Particulates
Poisonous gas
It’s acidic
Causes acid rain
Causes engine corrosion
Poisonous
Trigger asthma
attacks
Can cause acid rain
Tiny solid particles
Contain carbon and un burnt
hydrocarbon, Carried in the air
Damage cells in our lungs
4. Describe the causes and effects of global warming.
Global Warming: Caused by carbon dioxide, causing the average global
temperature to increase
5. Describe the causes and effects of global dimming
Global Dimming: Caused by particulates, reflect sunlight back into space.
Not as much light gets through to the Earth
6. How are biofuels produced?
By growing plants that can be burned or processed to make fuels or by using
waste from plants or animals to burn as fuels.
7. How does sulfur in fuel cause acid rain?
When the fuel burns the sulfur reacts with oxygen to produce sulfur
dioxide, this then dissolves in rain water to produce sulfuric acid.
8. What are the advantages and disadvantages of biodiesel as a fuel?
Biodiesel Advantages
Biodiesel Disadvantages
Less harmful to animals, Reduces particulates,
‘CO2 neutral’ – plants grown to create it absorb
Large areas of farmland required,
Less food produced  Famine
Destruction of habitats
Freezes at low temps
the same amount of CO2 generated when it’s
burnt
9. What are the advantages and disadvantages of ethanol as a fuel?
Ethanol fuel: ADVANTAGES: Easily made by fermenting sugar cane, Gives off
CO2 but the sugar cane it comes from absorbs CO2 when growing.
DISADVANTAGES: Large areas of farmland required, Less food produced as
people use it for fuel instead!
PiXL AQA Knowledge Test Unit 2 Chemistry 1: C1 GCSE Science A for certification June 2014 onwards
C1.5 Other Useful Substances from Crude Oil
C1.5.1 Obtaining useful substances from crude oil
1. What is cracking and why is it necessary?
Cracking – this is when a large alkane is turned into a smaller alkane and an
alkene. More demand for smaller, more useful hydrocarbons
2. Describe the process of cracking.
Long chain alkanes are heated with a catalyst.
3. What is an alkene?
A hydrocarbon with at least 1 double bond
4. What is the general formula for an alkene?
CnH2n
5. What happens when alkenes react with bromine water?
The bromine water changes from orange to colourless.
6. Complete the table.
Alkene
Number of Number of
Formula
Structure
Carbons
Hydrogens
Ethene
2
4
C2H4
Propene
3
6
C3H6
C1.5.2 Polymers
PiXL AQA Knowledge Test Unit 2 Chemistry 1: C1 GCSE Science A for certification June 2014 onwards
1. Draw a diagram representing the process of polymerisation of ethene. Label
the following:
Monomers
Polymer
2. Describe the
process of polymerisation.
Many small alkane molecules (monomers) join together to form very large
molecules (polymers). This happens at very high pressure and temperature.
3. What uses do we have for polymers?
Plastics e.g.
Polymer
Typical use
polythene
plastic bags and bottles
polypropene
crates and ropes
polychloroethene
water pipes and insulation on
electricity cables
4. Why is it important to recycle polymers?
They are mainly made from a non-renewable resource (crude oil) and
many are not biodegradable.
5. What are biodegradable plastics?
Biodegradable Plastics: Plastics that break down easily. Corn-starch are built
into the plastic. Microorganisms in soil feed on corn-starch. This breaks the
plastic down.
6. Name and describe 3 smart polymers.
Light-Sensitive Plasters
Hydrogels
Shape memory
Top layer of plaster
peeled back. Lower layer
now exposed to light.
Adhesive loses stickiness
Peels easily off the skin.
Have cross-linking
chains
That traps water.
Act as wound
dressings. Let body
heal. Good for burns
Wound is stitched
loosely. Temp of the
body makes the
thread tighten.
Closes the wound up
C1.5.3 Ethanol
PiXL AQA Knowledge Test Unit 2 Chemistry 1: C1 GCSE Science A for certification June 2014 onwards
1. What are the two methods of producing ethanol?
Hydration of ethene and fermentation with yeast
2. Write the word equations for each method.
Ethanol can be made by Fermentation
Sugar + Yeast  Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide
Ethanol can also be made by hydration (Adding water to) ethene
Ethene + Steam  Ethanol
3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each method?
Fermentation
Hydration
Uses corn, sugar cane (renewable
resources).
Uses crude oil, which is a non-renewable
resource.
Is a batch process, which needs a lot
of workers
Is a continuous process so is less labour
intensive
Produces impure ethanol, and is
purified by distillation
Produces pure ethanol
o
Needs a temperature of 30-40 C
Is a slow reaction
Needs a temperature of
o
300 C and high pressure
Is a fast reaction
4. List some uses of ethanol.
Alcoholic drinks, fuel, solvent, deodorants, medicine, perfumes
C1.6 Plant Oils and Their Uses
C1.6.1 Vegetable Oils
1. What steps are required to extract oils from fruits, seeds and nuts?
• Farmers collect seeds from plants
• Seeds are crushed and pressed, then the oil extracted
• Impurities are removed
• Oil is processed to make it into a useful product
2.
•
•
•
How is lavender oil extracted?
Plants are put into water and boiled
Oil and water evaporate together
Oil is collected as the liquids separate
PiXL AQA Knowledge Test Unit 2 Chemistry 1: C1 GCSE Science A for certification June 2014 onwards
3. Why are vegetable oils important foods?
Provide important nutrients (e.g. vitamin E), Contain lots of energy  can
be used as fuels
C1.6.3 Emulsions
1. What is an emulsifier?
Stop water and oil separating out into layers
Improve texture and taste of foods containing fats and oils.
Makes them more palatable (tasty) and tempting to eat!
2. What is an emulsion?
Where oil and water are dispersed (spread out) in each other.
3. Why are emulsions useful?
Improve texture and taste of foods containing fats and oils.
Makes them more palatable (tasty) and tempting to eat!
4. Higher Tier – What is meant by hydrophobic and hydrophilic?
Hydrophobic – repelled by water. Has a positive charge.
Hydrophilic – is attracted to water. Has a negative charge.
C1.6.3 Saturated and Unsaturated Oils
1. How do you test for the presence of a double bond?
Add bromine water if there is a double bond the orange bromine water
will go colourless
2. The presence of a double bond means that oil is Saturated or unsaturated?
Unsaturated
Higher Tier – How can unsaturated oils be hardened? Describe the properties
of the product.
Reacting vegetable oils with hydrogen hardens them  increases melting
points
Makes them solid at room temperature  makes them into spreads!
Double bonds converted to single bonds
C=C  C-C
Now called a hydrogenated oils
o
Reaction occurs at 60 C with a nickel catalyst
C1.7 Changes in the Earth and its Atmosphere
C1.7.1 The Earth’s Crust
PiXL AQA Knowledge Test Unit 2 Chemistry 1: C1 GCSE Science A for certification June 2014 onwards
1. Label a copy of the diagram above to show the atmosphere, core, mantle
and crust.
Core: Made of nickel and iron
Outer core is liquid
Inner core is solid
Radius is 3500km
Atmosphere: Most lies within
10km of the surface, Rest is
within 100km but it’s hard to
judge!
Mantle: Behaves like a solid
Crust: Solid, 6km beneath
Can flow very slowly
oceans,35km beneath land
Is about 3000km deep!
2. Where do earthquakes and volcanoes occur?
They occur where plate boundaries meet
3. What are tectonic plates?
The Earth’s crust is split into sections called tectonic plates
4. What is a plate boundary?
The edges of the tectonic plates where they meet
5. What was Wegener’s theory?
Continental drift
6. What evidence did he have?
Wegener’s evidence for continental drift: The same types of fossilised
animals and plants are found in South America and Africa. The shape of the
east coast of South America fits the west coast of Africa, like pieces in a
jigsaw puzzle. Matching rock formations and mountain chains are found in
South America and Africa
7. What is Pangea?
Scientists think they were once one large land mass called Pangea, which
then broke off into smaller chunks
C1.7.2 The Earth’s Atmosphere
1. Draw a table to show the proportions of Oxygen, nitrogen and carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere.
Gas
Formula
%
Nitrogen
N2
80
Oxygen
O2
20
Carbon dioxide
CO2
0.04
PiXL AQA Knowledge Test Unit 2 Chemistry 1: C1 GCSE Science A for certification June 2014 onwards
2. What was responsible for the formation of the Earth’s early atmosphere
and provided the water that formed the oceans?
Volcanoes kept erupting giving out Steam and CO2
3. What process produced the oxygen that is now in the atmosphere?
Green plants, bacteria and algae photosynthesised in the oceans
4. What happened to a lot of the carbon dioxide that was in the air?
It was locked into fossil fuels over millions of years
5. What human activities have caused a change in our atmosphere?
The burning of fossil fuels in the past few centuries
6. Higher Tier – What process could be used to separate the mixture of gases
that makes up air?
Fractional distillation
7. What did Miller-Ureys experiment find out?
Compounds for life on Earth came from reactions involving hydrocarbons
8. What is a primodial soup?
Complex chemicals needed for living things to develop could be found
naturally on the early Earth
9. What are 3 other theories for the beginning of life on earth?
• Molecules for life (amino acids) came on meteorites from out of space.
• Actual living organisms themselves arrived on meteorites.
• Biological molecules were released from deep ocean vents.
PiXL AQA Knowledge Test Unit 2 Chemistry 1: C1 GCSE Science A for certification June 2014 onwards