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Chapter 6 – Muscle Tissue Myofibrils What, Why, and Where of Muscles Cardiac or Smooth Muscle $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 Muscle Function Associated Structures $100 © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. FINAL ROUND Topic 1: Muscle Function $100 Question Which of the following is NOT a major function of skeletal muscle? a. b. c. d. maintaining body temperature lining hollow organs maintaining posture storing nutrient reserves ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 1: Muscle Function $100 Answer Which of the following is NOT a major function of skeletal muscle? a. b. c. d. maintaining body temperature lining hollow organs maintaining posture storing nutrient reserves © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 1: Muscle Function $200 Question Which activity would be more likely to create an oxygen debt: swimming laps or lifting weights? a. b. c. d. swimming laps lifting weights both A and B neither A nor B ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 1: Muscle Function $200 Answer Which activity would be more likely to create an oxygen debt: swimming laps or lifting weights? a. b. c. d. swimming laps lifting weights both A and B neither A nor B © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 1: Muscle Function $300 Question How would a drug that blocks acetylcholine release affect muscle contraction? a. b. c. d. Contraction would be prevented. Contraction would be slowed. The speed of contraction would increase. The strength of contraction would increase. ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 1: Muscle Function $300 Answer How would a drug that blocks acetylcholine release affect muscle contraction? a. b. c. d. Contraction would be prevented. Contraction would be slowed. The speed of contraction would increase. The strength of contraction would increase. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 1: Muscle Function $400 Question What statement(s) below are FALSE with regard to the contraction of skeletal muscle? a. Through eccentric contractions, the muscle lengthens. b. Through concentric contractions, the muscle does not change length. c. Through isometric contraction, the muscle remains the same length. ANSWER d. A and C are correct. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 1: Muscle Function $400 Answer What statement(s) below are FALSE with regard to the contraction of skeletal muscle? a. Through eccentric contractions, the muscle lengthens. b. Through concentric contractions, the muscle does not change length. c. Through isometric contraction, the muscle remains the same length. d. A and C are correct. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 1: Muscle Function $500 Question Which of the following describe the characteristics of slow muscle fibers? a. small diameter, rich in myoglobin, and high glycogen reserve b. large diameter, very vascular, and multiple mitochondria c. small diameter, rich in myoglobin, and very vascular d. large diameter, high glycogen reserve, ANSWER and lack significant myoglobin © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 1: Muscle Function $500 Answer Which of the following describe the characteristics of slow muscle fibers? a. small diameter, rich in myoglobin, and high glycogen reserve b. large diameter, very vascular, and multiple mitochondria c. small diameter, rich in myoglobin, and very vascular d. large diameter, high glycogen reserve, and lack significant myoglobin © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 2: Associated Structures $100 Question How would severing the tendon attached to a muscle affect the muscle’s ability to move a body part? a. Uncontrolled movement would result from a severed tendon. b. Movement would be greatly exaggerated with no tendon. c. No movement is possible without a muscle to bone connection. ANSWER d. Limited movement would result. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 2: Associated Structures $100 Answer How would severing the tendon attached to a muscle affect the muscle’s ability to move a body part? a. Uncontrolled movement would result from a severed tendon. b. Movement would be greatly exaggerated with no tendon. c. No movement is possible without a muscle to bone connection. d. Limited movement would result. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 2: Associated Structures $200 Question Which of the following describes the neuromuscular junction? a. the surface containing membrane receptors that bind acetylcholine b. special intercellular connection between axon branches and a skeletal muscle fiber c. the link between generation of an action potential and the start of muscle contraction d. a propagated change in membrane potential that travels the length of an axon ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 2: Associated Structures $200 Answer Which of the following describes the neuromuscular junction? a. the surface containing membrane receptors that bind acetylcholine b. special intercellular connection between axon branches and a skeletal muscle fiber c. the link between generation of an action potential and the start of muscle contraction d. a propagated change in membrane potential that travels the length of an axon © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 2: Associated Structures $300 Question How are epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium interrelated? a. They are connective tissues and blend with tendons to provide firm attachments to bone. b. All three contain capillaries and nerves. c. All three contain satellite cells that function in the repair of muscle tissue. ANSWER d. None of the above are correct. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 2: Associated Structures $300 Answer How are epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium interrelated? a. They are connective tissues and blend with tendons to provide firm attachments to bone. b. All three contain capillaries and nerves. c. All three contain satellite cells that function in the repair of muscle tissue. d. None of the above are correct. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 2: Associated Structures $400 Question With excitation–contraction coupling, a. a motor neuron releases ACh, which allows an electrical event to be transferred to the muscular system. b. a motor neuron releases ACh, and it binds to receptors on the motor end plate of a muscle fascicle. c. the myosin cross-bridge will remain attached to actin as ATP depletion occurs. ANSWER d. ACh release reveals actin’s binding site for myosin to bind. BACK TO GAME © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 2: Associated Structures $400 Answer With excitation–contraction coupling, a. a motor neuron releases ACh, which allows an electrical event to be transferred to the muscular system. b. a motor neuron releases ACh, and it binds to receptors on the motor end plate of a muscle fascicle. c. the myosin cross-bridge will remain attached to actin as ATP depletion occurs. d. ACh release reveals actin’s binding site for myosin to bind. BACK TO GAME © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 2: Associated Structures $500 Question A motor unit is/are _____. You would need a small motor unit to control movement of the fingers _____. a. the resting tension in a muscle; so it would not involve muscle fibers of adjoining fingers b. muscle fibers controlled by a single motor neuron; because you need precise control c. the addition of one twitch to another; because you need twitches to cover a large area ANSWER d. None of the above are correct. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 2: Associated Structures $500 Answer A motor unit is/are _____. You would need a small motor unit to control movement of the fingers _____. a. the resting tension in a muscle; so it would not involve muscle fibers of adjoining fingers b. muscle fibers controlled by a single motor neuron; because you need precise control c. the addition of one twitch to another; because you need twitches to cover a large area d. None of the above are correct. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 3: Myofibrils $100 Question Which component of the sarcomere acts as an ATPase? a. b. c. d. actin myosin titin actinin ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 3: Myofibrils $100 Answer Which component of the sarcomere acts as an ATPase? a. b. c. d. actin myosin titin actinin © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 3: Myofibrils $200 Question Why does skeletal muscle appear striated when viewed through a microscope? a. Z lines and myosin filaments align within a muscle fiber. b. Glycogen reserves are linearly arranged. c. Capillaries regularly intersect the myofibers. d. Actin filaments repel stain, ANSWER appearing banded. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 3: Myofibrils $200 Answer Why does skeletal muscle appear striated when viewed through a microscope? a. Z lines and myosin filaments align within a muscle fiber. b. Glycogen reserves are linearly arranged. c. Capillaries regularly intersect the myofibers. d. Actin filaments repel stain, appearing banded. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 3: Myofibrils $300 Question The A band comprises which of the following subunits? a. b. c. d. I band, terminal cisternae, and the Z line M line, H band, and the zone of overlap thin filaments, titin, and the Z line sarcoplasmic reticulum and T tubules ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 3: Myofibrils $300 Answer The A band comprises which of the following subunits? a. b. c. d. I band, terminal cisternae, and the Z line M line, H band, and the zone of overlap thin filaments, titin, and the Z line sarcoplasmic reticulum and T tubules © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 3: Myofibrils $400 Question Where would you expect the greatest concentration of Ca2+ in resting skeletal muscle to be? a. b. c. d. in T tubules surrounding the mitochondria within sarcomeres in cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 3: Myofibrils $400 Answer Where would you expect the greatest concentration of Ca2+ in resting skeletal muscle to be? a. b. c. d. in T tubules surrounding the mitochondria within sarcomeres in cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 3: Myofibrils $500 Question In what ways does the appearance of a sarcomere change during contraction of a skeletal muscle fiber? a. zones of overlap get larger; H band gets wider; A bands shorten b. titin molecules are relaxed; M line disappears c. Z lines move closer together; I bands and H bands get smaller ANSWER d. None of the above are correct. BACK TO GAME © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 3: Myofibrils $500 Answer In what ways does the appearance of a sarcomere change during contraction of a skeletal muscle fiber? a. zones of overlap get larger; H band gets wider; A bands shorten b. titin molecules are relaxed; M line disappears c. Z lines move closer together; I bands and H bands get smaller d. None of the above are correct. BACK TO GAME © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 4: What, Why, and Where of Muscles $100 Question _____ predominate in the large leg muscles of someone who excels at endurance activities, such as cycling. This is because _____. a. Fast fibers; they have large glycogen reserves b. Slow fibers; they have extensive capillary networks and more myoglobin c. Nonvascular fibers; they use both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism d. Intermediate fibers; they have more ANSWER neuromuscular junctions © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 4: What, Why, and Where of Muscles $100 Answer _____ predominate in the large leg muscles of someone who excels at endurance activities, such as cycling. This is because _____. a. Fast fibers; they have large glycogen reserves b. Slow fibers; they have extensive capillary networks and more myoglobin c. Nonvascular fibers; they use both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism d. Intermediate fibers; they have more neuromuscular junctions © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 4: What, Why, and Where of Muscles $200 Question Why is an increased level of creatine kinase in a blood test a diagnostic sign of muscle damage? a. blood vessels increase production after muscle damage b. this enzyme is intracellular, so increasing extracellular levels indicate damage to cells c. The liver produces more of this enzyme under stress. d. all of the above ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 4: What, Why, and Where of Muscles $200 Answer Why is an increased level of creatine kinase in a blood test a diagnostic sign of muscle damage? a. blood vessels increase production after muscle damage b. this enzyme is intracellular, so increasing extracellular levels indicate damage to cells c. The liver produces more of this enzyme under stress. d. all of the above © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 4: What, Why, and Where of Muscles $300 Question How do muscle fibers elongate and return to resting length? a. b. c. d. elastic forces opposing muscle contraction gravity all the above ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 4: What, Why, and Where of Muscles $300 Answer How do muscle fibers elongate and return to resting length? a. b. c. d. elastic forces opposing muscle contraction gravity all the above © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 4: What, Why, and Where of Muscles $400 Question What would you expect to happen to a resting skeletal muscle if the sarcolemma suddenly became very permeable to Ca2+? a. b. c. d. increased strength of contraction decreased cross-bridge decreased ability to relax both A and C ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 4: What, Why, and Where of Muscles $400 Answer What would you expect to happen to a resting skeletal muscle if the sarcolemma suddenly became very permeable to Ca2+? a. b. c. d. increased strength of contraction decreased cross-bridge decreased ability to relax both A and C © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 4: What, Why, and Where of Muscles $500 Question Predict what would happen to muscles if a pesticide that inhibits acetylcholinesterase were present at the motor end plate. a. Muscle would lose strength. b. Muscle would be unable to contract. c. Acetylcholine receptors would be inactivated in the motor end plate. ANSWER d. Muscle would contract repeatedly. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 4: What, Why, and Where of Muscles $500 Answer Predict what would happen to muscles if a pesticide that inhibits acetylcholinesterase were present at the motor end plate. a. Muscle would lose strength. b. Muscle would be unable to contract. c. Acetylcholine receptors would be inactivated in the motor end plate. d. Muscle would contract repeatedly. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 5: Cardiac or Smooth Muscle $100 Question Cardiac muscle fibers are more sensitive than skeletal muscle fibers to which extracellular ion? a. b. c. d. sodium chloride calcium iron ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 5: Cardiac or Smooth Muscle $100 Answer Cardiac muscle fibers are more sensitive than skeletal muscle fibers to which extracellular ion? a. b. c. d. sodium chloride calcium iron © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 5: Cardiac or Smooth Muscle $200 Question Smooth muscle can contract over a wider range of resting lengths than skeletal muscle can. Why? a. Smooth muscle sarcomeres are longer. b. Actin and myosin filament arrangement is more plastic, allowing greater adaptability. c. Smooth muscle cells are shorter. d. Smooth muscle actin is longer. ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 5: Cardiac or Smooth Muscle $200 Answer Smooth muscle can contract over a wider range of resting lengths than skeletal muscle can. Why? a. Smooth muscle sarcomeres are longer. b. Actin and myosin filament arrangement is more plastic, allowing greater adaptability. c. Smooth muscle cells are shorter. d. Smooth muscle actin is longer. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 5: Cardiac or Smooth Muscle $300 Question What structural characteristics distinguish cardiac muscle tissue from skeletal muscle tissue? Cardiac muscle cells _____. a. are larger and usually have one nucleus b. have intercalated discs, short T tubules, and no triads c. are dependent on anaerobic metabolism d. contact each other at tight junctions ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 5: Cardiac or Smooth Muscle $300 Answer What structural characteristics distinguish cardiac muscle tissue from skeletal muscle tissue? Cardiac muscle cells _____. a. are larger and usually have one nucleus b. have intercalated discs, short T tubules, and no triads c. are dependent on anaerobic metabolism d. contact each other at tight junctions © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 5: Cardiac or Smooth Muscle $400 Question Two cardiologists are talking about functional characteristics of cardiac muscle tissue. Which of the following descriptions would they use? a. special gap junctions, intrinsic conduction system allows contraction without neural stimulation b. spindle-shaped, nonstriated, thick filaments scattered, involuntary c. striated tissue with multiple mitochondria and a multinucleated condition syncytium d. Cardiologists would not use any of this ANSWER terminology. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 5: Cardiac or Smooth Muscle $400 Answer Two cardiologists are talking about functional characteristics of cardiac muscle tissue. Which of the following descriptions would they use? a. special gap junctions, intrinsic conduction system allows contraction without neural stimulation b. spindle-shaped, nonstriated, thick filaments scattered, involuntary c. striated tissue with multiple mitochondria and a multinucleated condition syncytium d. Cardiologists would not use any of this BACK TO GAME terminology. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 5: Cardiac or Smooth Muscle $500 Question Why are cardiac and smooth muscle contractions more affected by changes in extracellular Ca2+ than skeletal muscle contractions? a. Extracellular Ca2+ inhibits actin. b. Cross-bridges are formed only within the sarcomeres of cardiac muscle. c. Most of the calcium for contractions comes from SR stores. d. Most of the calcium for contractions ANSWER comes from extracellular fluid. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Topic 5: Cardiac or Smooth Muscle $500 Answer Why are cardiac and smooth muscle contractions more affected by changes in extracellular Ca2+ than skeletal muscle contractions? a. Extracellular Ca2+ inhibits actin. b. Cross-bridges are formed only within the sarcomeres of cardiac muscle. c. Most of the calcium for contractions comes from SR stores. d. Most of the calcium for contractions comes from extracellular fluid. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME FINAL ROUND Question Why would a sprinter experience muscle fatigue before a marathon runner? a. Marathon running uses ATP for only a short time, while sprinting uses ATP indefinitely. b. Marathon runners’ muscles depend on stored glycogen; therefore, they do not fatigue. c. Sprinting involves anaerobic endurance, whereas running a marathon depends more on availability of substrates for aerobic respiration. ANSWER d. None of the above are correct. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME FINAL ROUND Answer Why would a sprinter experience muscle fatigue before a marathon runner? a. Marathon running uses ATP for only a short time, while sprinting uses ATP indefinitely. b. Marathon runners’ muscles depend on stored glycogen; therefore, they do not fatigue. c. Sprinting involves anaerobic endurance, whereas running a marathon depends more on availability of substrates for aerobic respiration. d. None of the above are correct. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME