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C4S1 Early Aegean Peoples Minoans • Successful traders, not conquerors; lived on Island of Crete • Rulers lived in large palaces, called Knossos • Adapted ideas and technology from Egypt and Mesopotamia • Frescoes, watercolor paintings on the palace walls, revealed much about society • Mycenaean invasion led to the destruction of Minoan civilization C4S1 MINOTAUR C4S1 Mycenaean's • Sea traders; spoke Greek • Dominated the Aegean world from 1400 BC to 1200 BC • Acquired skills and customs from Minoans, Egyptians and Mesopotamians; passed them on the Greeks • Lived in city-states ran by warrior-kings C4S1 • Wealthy rulers amassed treasure • Best remembered for role in Trojan War C4S1 • Defeated Dorian invasion Dorian's • Sea Raiders from the North; spoke Greek • Dorian invasions caused the decline of cities, trade, and writing – Greeks took a step backwards C 4 S2 Geography Shapes Greece I. Geography Shapes Greece A. Landscape defines political boundaries 1. Mts divide the peninsula into isolated Valleys; Island beyond coast 2. Greeks build small city-states, cut off from one another by mts or water – each had its city, as well as the surrounding country side. C4S2 B. Life by the Sea 1. Sea linked Greece to outside world 2. Skilled sailors, trade grows 3. population grew, limited farmland, Greek colonies around Mediterranean Map of Ancient Greece ..\..\..\Google Eart Links\Greece.kmz C4S2 II. Governing City States A. Polis/made up of a city or town and surrounding countryside; 2 levels 1. Top of the Hill/Acropolis 2. Main City/market,homes,public buildings 3. male landowners hold all power C4S2 B. Government Evolves 1. Monarchy/ ruled by king 2. Aristocracy/ruled by landholding elite 3. Oligarchy/ ruled by small,wealthy elite C. Warfare 1. Technology 2. Phalanx 300 first battle - YouTube 3. Athens and Sparta, different ways of life C4S2 III. Sparta: A Warrior Society A. Daily life ruled by discipline 1. Spartan men prepare for military life This is Sparta. Full scene. - YouTube 2. Strict, Harsh, Discipline good soldiers B. Women of Sparta 1. Provide sons for Army 2. obey husbands,inherit property 3. Run house while men at war C4S2 IV. Athens evolves into Democracy A. Demands for Change 1. Gov. goes from Monarchy to Aristocracy 2. Merchants,Soldiers resent noble power 3. Foreigners Artisans resent not being able to become citizens. 4. Farmers demand change 5. leads to call for Democracy C4S2 B. Solon reforms government 1. appointed chief official in 594 bc 2. debt slavery outlawed;slaves freed 3. economic reforms introduced 4. Tyrants rise to power Tyrant – people who gain power by force C. Citizens share power and Wealth 1. Pisistratus grabs power and gives poor greater voice; weakening aristocracy 2. Cleisthenes broadens power of ordinary citizens C4S2 D. Limited Democracy 1. citizens could participate in Gov. ; citizenship was limited to landholding males 2. Women, merchants, foreigners and slaves lack political rights E. Women in Athens 1. played significant role in religion 2. managed households, secluded existence, and rarely seen in public 3. most poor women work outside of household C4S2 F. Educating the Youth 1. Boys attend school if wealthy; girls were rarely educated 2. Boys learn to read,write,music,rhetoric 3. Boys receive military training, participate in Ath. Contest, encouraged to learn. C4S3 Conflict in the Greek World PERSIAN WARS • Athens is victorious in Marathon • Greek City-States unite against Persia • Victory in Persian wars leads to alliance in Delian League ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY • Under Pericles economy thrives,more democratic C4S3 • Periclean Democracy is Direct, citizens take part in day to day affairs of government • Pericles believes all citizens, regardless of wealth should take part in government • A jury system exists; 100’s to 1000’s of jurors • Citizens can banish public figures considered a threat to democracy C4S3 PELOPONNESIAN WAR • Everybody resents Athenian domination • Greek world splits into rival camps • Enemies of Athens form Peloponnesian League • Pelo War: Athens v. Sparta; last for 27 years • With help from Persians, Sparta defeats Athens • The war ends Athenian domination of Greek World C4S4 Greek Civilization PHILOSOPHY • Sophists questioned accepted ideas • Great Philosophers Socrates C4S4 PLATO C4S4 ARISTOTLE C4S4 ARCHITECTURE AND ART • Architecture sought to reflect harmony in the universe C4S4 SCULPTORS EMPHASIZED REALISTIC HUMAN FORM Greek Statues C4S5 Alexander and the Hellenistic Age I. The Empire of Alexander the Great A. Phillip II conquers Greece 1. builds strong army 2. forms alliance with Greek city-states 3. Defeats Athens,Thebes battle@Chaeronea 4. controlled Greece, is assassinated B. Alexander takes Persia Succeeds Phillip 2. Organizes, began conquest of Persia 3. Asia Minor to Palestine, south to Egypt before conquering Babylon C. Advances into India 1. Persia conquered, crosses Hindu Kush into India 2. Troops refuse to go further 3. retreats to Babylon, and dies early death 1. II. The Legacy of Alex the Great A. Cultures combine 1. Greatest accomplishment, spreading of Greek culture 2. New cities, Alexandria’s found all over empire Alex the Greats Empire C4S5 3. Greeks settled in cities, practiced Greek customs 4. Alexander encourages the blending of the customs, marries a Persian women 5. After his death, Hellenistic culture emerges B. Alexandria: Cultural Capital 1. Heart of Hellenistic world: Alexandria, Egypt 2. Home of almost 1 million people 3. center of learning; library all accumulated knowledge of ancient World C. New Roles for Women 1. not restricted; learned to read and write 2. Royal women have considerable power 3. Cleopatra rules Egypt III. Hellenistic Arts and Sciences A. New Philosophies 1. 2. Stoicism Hellenistic art a. Winged Victory of Samothrace