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Grease GREASE THE OFFICIAL GRAND THEATRE STUDY GUIDE CONTACT THE GRAND THEATRE ABOUT THIS GUIDE 471 Richmond St. London, ON N6A 3E4 Box Office: 519-672-8800 Online: www.grandtheatre.com Grand Theatre Study Guide 2009H10 Season Grease About the Book, Music and Lyrics Jim Jacobs Jim Jacobs, an American musical theatre composer, lyricist and writer was born in Chicago, IL in 1942. Growing up Jacobs learned to play the guitar and while attending Taft High School began singing and playing with a band called DDT & the Dynamiters. In 1963, Jacobs became involved with a theatre group where he met Warren Casey, a man who he would later collaborate with. Over the next five years Jacob appeared in more than 50 theatrical productions in the Chicago area, meeting well known individuals such as the Second City founder, Paul Sills. By 1969, Jacobs had landed a small role in the film Medium Cool. In 1970, Jacobs’ acting career took off when he debuted on Broadway with the revival of No Place to Be Somebody and continued on with the national tour. Simultaneously Jacobs and Casey were collaborating on a play called Grease about teenagers during the early age of rock ’n’ roll in the ‘50s. In 1971, the show premiered in Chicago where producers, Ken Waissman and Maxine Fox, saw it and then suggested to Jacobs and Casey that a musical version might be more successful. Waissman and Fox agreed to produce the show off-Broadway if they liked the end result. Jacobs and Casey headed to New York where they collaborated on the musical version of Grease which opened at the Eden Theatre in Manhattan later moving to Broadway. The Show earned Jacobs and Casey a Tony Award nomination for Best Book of a Musical. Warren Casey Warren Casey was an American musical theatre composer, lyricist and writer who was born in 1935 in Yonkers, NY. Casey received his Fine Arts Degree from the Syracuse University School of Visual and Performing Arts in 1957. In the mid 1960s, Casey met Jim Jacobs while acting in the Chicago Stage Guild. The two began to collaborate on a stage play called Grease which they eventually made into a musical that went on to open on Broadway. The show earned them a Tony Award nomination for Best Book of a Musical. Grand Theatre Study Guide 2009H10 Season Grease Casey’s acting credits include the original production of Sexual Perversity in 1974 at the Organic Theatre Company in Chicago. Casey also helped with the start of the Victory Gardens Theatre in Chicago. In 1988, Casey died at the age of 53 in Chicago after complications from AIDS. At the time of his death he was writing a musical with the Brazilian performer Valucha ed Castro. About the Musical Jim Jacobs and Warren Casey collaborated on a play that was to be called Grease Lightning. The plot revolved around a group of working-class teenagers known as “greasers” growing up in the 1950s in an era of rock and roll. The show was to be set at a fictional high school called Rydell High which was loosely based on Jim Jacobs’ experience at William Howard Taft High School in Chicago. Greased Lightning premiered at the Kingston Mines Theatre in Chicago in 1971. Two producers, Ken Waissman and Maxine Fox, saw the production and agreed to produce the show offBroadway if the show were made into a musical. The team headed to New York where they created the musical version, Grease, which opened off-Broadway at the Eden Theatre in Manhattan on February 14 1972. The show had immediate success off-Broadway and the producers decided to move the show to Broadway. In June of that year Grease, directed by Tom Moore, opened on Broadway at the Broadhurst Theatre. After five months the production moved to the Royale Theatre where it remained for seven years of its run and then moved once more to the Majestic Theatre. The original cast starred Barry Bostwick as Danny and Carole Demas as Sandy. Throughout the run replacements included Peter Gallagher, Judy Kaye, Patrick Swayze, John Travolta as well as Richard Gere who understudied for many of the roles including Danny, Teen Angel and Vince Fontaine. The 1972 Broadway production of Grease was nominated for seven Tony Awards including Best Musical, Best Performance by a Grand Theatre Study Guide 2009H10 Season Grease Leading Actor in a Musical (Barry Bostwick), Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Musical (Timothy Myers), Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical (Adrienne Barbeau), Best Choreography (Patricia Birch), Best Book of a Musical (Jim Jacobs and Warren Casey) and Best Costume Design (Carrie F. Robbins). Unfortunantely the production did not win any of the Tony Awards that year. Adrienne Barbeau did, however, win a Theatre World Award for her performance of Rizzo. Grease also won two Drama Desk Awards for Outstanding Choreography and Most Promising Costume Design. The show’s content was raunchy, raw and aggressive tackling issues such as teen pregnancy, teenage rebellion and gang violence. Over time the musical has been changed and rewritten to tame down the content of the show and make it more appropriate for a wider age range. In 1973 Grease opened in London, England’s West End at the New London Theatre with Richard Gere, unknown at the time, as Danny and Kim Braden as Sandy. After the show’s immediate success the musical was adapted into a film version. It was directed by Randal Kleiser and Jacobs and Casey wrote additional songs to be included. In 1978, the film was released starring John Travolta as Danny Zuko, Olivia Newton-John as Sandy Olsen, Stockard Channing as Betty Rizzo, Jeff Conaway as Kenickie, Didi Conn as Frenchy and Frankie Avalon as the Teen Angel. Henry Winkler and Susan Dey were originally chosen to play Danny and Sandy in the film version but both declined the roles. Winkler decided not to take the part for fear of being type casted after playing two similar characters, one being Fonzie on Happy Days. Susan also declined after her manager advised against it. Marie Osmond later claimed that she was also offered the role of Sandy but had turned it down as she did not agree with Sandy having to change in the end to get the boy. She later admitted to this being untrue. Grand Theatre Study Guide 2009H10 Season Grease The movie was a huge success receiving five Golden Globe Award nominations in 1979 and was the highest grossing movie in the U.S. for 1978. With the film’s instant success, Grease was revived yet again in 1979 at the Astoria in London. In 1980, just two years after the release of the film, Grease closed on Broadway after a successful run of 3, 388 performances. The show became the longest-running musical until it was surpassed by A Chorus Line a few years later. Presently Grease is Broadway’s 12th longest-running musical. In I982 Grease 2, a sequel to the original film, was released. Very few of the original cast members were in it and the sequel flopped. There had originally been plans to create a multi-picture franchise and a television series but after the poor response of the second film all plans were cancelled. In 1993, Grease was revived yet again in West End where it ran until 1999. During this six-year period, the production split its run between the Dominion Theatre and the Cambridge Theatre. On May 11 1994, the revival of Grease opened on Broadway at the Eugene O’Neill Theatre. The production starring Ricky Paull Goldin as Danny, Rosie O’Donnell as Rizzo, Megan Mullally as Marty and Hunter Foster as Roger, ran for a total of 1,505 performances before closing in 1998. Brooke Shields also joined the Broadway cast as Rizzo after first touring the show throughout the United States. Other cast members on the tour included Sally Struthers as Miss Lynch, Angela Pupello as Rizzo, Rex Smith and Adrian Zmed as Danny, Trisha M. Gorman and Sutton Foster as Sandy and Marissa Jaret Winokur as Jan. The 1994 revival was nominated for three Tony Awards including Best Revival of a Musical, Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical (Marcia Lewis) and Best Choreographer (Jeff Calhoun). Similar to the 1972 production, the show received Tony nominations and was beat out by other productions at the awards that year. Brooke Shields won a Theatre World Award for her Grand Theatre Study Guide 2009H10 Season Grease performance of Rizzo and the production was nominated for two Drama Desk Awards for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Musical (Sam Harris) and Outstanding Choreography (Jeff Calhoun). The second Broadway revival which also received a Tony nomination for Best Revival of a Musical, opened on August 19 2007 at the Brooks Atkinson Theatre. This revival was directed and choreographed by Kathleen Marshall and starred Max Crumm as Danny and Laura Osnes as Sandy. Crumm and Osnes had been selected to play the roles after the hit NBC reality series Grease: You’re the One That I Want! The 2007 revival included songs such as “Hopelessly Devoted to You”, “Sandy”, and “You’re the One That I Want” that had originally been written for the 1978 film. The production ended in January 2009. A similar reality show, Grease Is the Word, cast the leads, Danny and Sandy for the West End revival that opened at the Piccadilly Theatre in England in August 2007 and is set to run until October 2009. Over the years Grease has become a staple show that is constantly being produced all over the world at many summer stock theatres, regional theatres, community theatres and high schools. Play Synopsis Setting: The play takes place at Rydell High School and follows the senior year of the graduating class of ‘59. ACT I The play begins September 1958 with students arriving on the first day of senior year at Rydell High. In the cafeteria the Pink Ladies are found discussing their return to school yet again while the Burger Palace Boys, also known as the “greasers”, on the other side of the lunch room talk about their classes and the teachers they have. As Marty, Jan, and Rizzo eat lunch, Frenchy approaches with Sandy Dumbrowski, a new girl at the school. Rizzo, who doesn’t want someone as wholesome as Sandy joining the Pink Ladies, isn’t very welcoming but the other girls seem interested Grand Theatre Study Guide 2009H10 Season Grease in Sandy. Sandy goes into the details about her summer romance telling the girls about her innocent summer love. On the other side of the cafeteria where the Burger Palace Boys are eating, the leader of the group, Danny Zuko, brags to the rest of the guys about his summer love sometimes stretching the truth to impress them. Throughout Sandy’s story, Rizzo realizes that the boy who Sandy fell for over the summer is actually Danny Zuko, who also goes to Rydell High. She and the other Pink Ladies deliver Sandy to Danny catching him off guard. While Sandy is pleased to see Danny again, Danny blows her off in order to be cool in front of the guys not wanting them to know that she was the girl he told them about. Sandy is confused and upset about the way Danny greets her, and the Pink Ladies decide to have a slumber party to cheer her up. The girls spend the evening smoking, drinking wine and talking about boys. Sandy feels left out and Rizzo pokes fun at Sandy’s innocence. The girls all fall asleep except Rizzo, who gets dressed and sneaks out. Meanwhile, the Burger Palace Boys meet up with Kenickie who just bought a car. The guys laugh and think it’s a piece of junk, but Kenickie wants to fix it up and make it a dream car called Greased Lightnin’. Rizzo arrives and drives off with Kenickie leaving the rest of the Burger Palace Boys to walk home. The next day, Danny tries to talk to Sandy while she is at cheerleading practice with her new friend Patty. Danny tries to apologize for the way he treated her, but Sandy responds to Danny coldly. When Danny teases the girls about being cheerleaders, Sandy accuses Danny of being jealous of the jocks at Rydell and Patty challenges him to try out for the track team. The Pink Ladies and Burger Palace Boys head to the park for a picnic to talk about Frenchy, who has decided to drop out of Rydell and enroll in beauty school. They also talk about the upcoming Grand Theatre Study Guide 2009H10 Season Grease dance, and who they’ll bring as dates. Danny announces to the gang that he has tried out for the track team. As the group makes fun of him for turning into a jock, Sandy walks in with Eugene, the school nerd. Danny tries to act like he doesn’t care about Sandy, but Rizzo teases him about falling for a girl who is so innocent and pure. Sandy overhears Rizzo making fun of her and runs away in tears. ACT II The gang all gathers at the high school dance. It’s being hosted by Vince Fontaine, the coolest disc jockey around. Fontaine announces that there’s going to be a dance competition, so everyone is brushing up on their dance moves. Kenickie shows up with his blind date, Cha-Cha, who is rumoured to be the best dancer at St. Bernadette’s School across town. The dance contest starts and Danny ends up dancing with Cha-Cha. The two end up winning the competition. The next day, Frenchy is at the Burger Palace when the boys walk in getting ready for a rumble – it turns out that Cha-Cha is the girlfriend of the leader of another gang, and they want Danny to pay for dancing with her. The boys head out to fight and Frenchy is left alone. She reveals that she has also dropped out of Beauty School and now doesn’t know what to do. While she’s sitting there, a guardian angel appears and tells her to go back to high school. Danny, while alone with Sandy at the drive-in, apologizes again for how he treated her and he asks her to go steady with him. Sandy, thrilled, accepts until Danny tries to go too fast with her. She gets upset and leaves him alone at the drive-in. Soon after, there’s a party at Jan’s house. Rizzo is in a particularly bad mood and picks on Sandy. Marty asks Rizzo what her problem is and Rizzo confides that she might be pregnant. Marty, not able to keep a secret, tells everyone at the party including Kenickie, who thinks the baby isn’t his and leaves the party. Sandy tries to talk to Rizzo and help her out if she can, but Rizzo gets mad Grand Theatre Study Guide 2009H10 Season Grease and calls her a goody-goody. Sandy realizes that in order to fit in and be with Danny, she will have to change her prim and proper attitude. The guys are hanging out at Burger Palace the next day and find out that Danny has quit the track team. They’re all excited to have Danny back in their group and decide to go watch television at Roger’s house. On their way out, they run into the Pink Ladies who have brought Sandy with them. She is now a greaser’s dream girl, wearing a leather jacket, tight pants and smoking. Danny is speechless at her transformation and the two make up. Rizzo announces that she’s not pregnant, and she and Kenickie also make up. The gang is finally all together again. Characters Danny Zuko - the macho, cocky and handsome leader of the Burger Palace Boys. Danny falls in love with Sandy Dumbrowski during the summer holidays. Sandy Dumbrowski – the attractive, wholesome, kind and innocent new girl in town. A goody-goody who doesn’t smoke or drink and is therefore teased by the Pink Ladies. She falls in love with Danny Zuko during summer holidays and then is reunited when she enters school at Rydell High. Kenickie - a tough and sometimes rude member of the Burger Palace Boys. He is second-in-command and a car fanatic. He is in a relationship with Rizzo. Betty Rizzo - the tough and sarcastic leader of the Pink Ladies who smokes, drinks and is outspoken. She pretends that she doesn’t care what people think of her yet has a vulnerable side. She teases Sandy because she isn’t tough enough. She is in a relationship with Kenickie. Roger - a jolly, prankster member of the Burger Palace Boys who is always full of mischief. He falls in love with Jan. Grand Theatre Study Guide 2009H10 Season Grease Jan – a funny and loud member of the Pink Ladies gang who loves food. She falls in love with Roger. Marty - immature but most attractive and oldest looking member of the Pink Ladies gang. She likes older guys and uses her looks to get them. Frenchy – a fun-loving and foolish Pink Lady who eventually drops out of high school to enter Beauty School. She is extremely attentive to her appearance, well-meaning but an airhead who is often off in her own world. Sonny LaTierri - a big-talking and obnoxious, Italian member of the Burger Palace Boys. A wise guy who thinks he’s a real lady killer. Doody - the youngest member of the Burger Palace Boys who worships the older members. Generally he is foolish and gullible. Cha Cha (Charlene DiGregorio) – the best dancer at St. Bernadette’s who wins the dance competition with Danny Zuko. Johnny Casino – an all-American, rock-star student at Rydell High School who leads a rock ‘n’ roll band. He thinks of himself as a real rock and roll idol. Teen Angel - an extremely attractive Guardian Angel who tries to help guide Frenchy when she drops out of Beauty School. Patty Simcox - a typical athletic, attractive, confident and peppy cheerleader. Loud and over-excited and very unpopular with the Pink Ladies. She is also nominated for Student Council. Eugene Florczyk - a pompous but gullible nerd. The class valedictorian. Vince Fontaine - An egotistical and slimy radio disk jockey who is trying to relive his teenage years and therefore is attracted to teenage girls. A veteran “greaser”. Grand Theatre Study Guide 2009H10 Season Grease Miss Lynch - A grumpy, no-nonsense English teacher. Pink Ladies – The greasers girls’ gang Burger Palace Boys (later the T-Birds) - The super cool boys’ gang of working-class “greasers-to-be.” Historical Events in 1959 • January 1 - Fidel Castro takes over Cuba. • January 3 – Alaska becomes the 49th U.S. State. • January 5 – The children’s television show “Bozo the Clown” premiers. • January 25 – American Airlines is the first to schedule a transcontinental flight in the U.S. of a Boeing 707 from Los Angeles to New York • January 27 - NASA selects 110 candidates for the first U.S. space flight. • January 29 - Walt Disney’s Sleeping Beauty is released. • February 3 – Rock and roll stars Buddy Holly (22), Ritchie Valens (17) and J.P. “The Big Bopper” Richardson (28), die after a plane crash near Clear Lake, Iowa. • February 19 – Cyprus is granted its independence after an agreement is signed by Britain, Turkey and Greece. • March 3 – Pioneer 4 is launched and is the first U.S. probe to enter solar orbit. • March 9 – Ruth Handler, co-founder of Mattel Toy Co. unveils the first Barbie doll at the American Toy Fair in New York City. The Barbie Doll No. 1 is introduced by Mattel Toy Company for $3. • March 9 – The first known radar contact is made with Venus. • March 17 – The USS Skate becomes the first submarine to surface at the North Pole. • April 1 – The St. Lawrence Seaway opens. • April 3 – Charlie Brown, a song by The Coasters, is banned by the BBC because it contains the word “spitball.” • April 9 – American architect Frank Lloyd Wright-designer of the famous Guggenheim Museum in NYC-dies in Arizona. • April 25 – The St. Lawrence Seaway linking the Great Lakes Grand Theatre Study Guide 2009H10 Season Grease • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • and the Atlantic Ocean officially opens to shipping. May 6 – British fishing ships are shot at by Icelandic gunboats. May 20 – Ford wins a battle against Chrysler to call its new car “Falcon”. May 23 – The Presbyterian Church accepts women preachers. May 25 – The U.S. Supreme Court rules that Louisiana’s prohibition of black-white boxing is unconstitutional. June 1 – Johnny Cash’s “Frankie Man’s Johnny” peaks at #57 on the pop singles chart. June 18 - A Federal Court terminates the law allowing school closings to prevent integration in Arkansas. July 4 – The Cayman Islands are separated from Jamaica. July 17 – The oldest human skull is discovered. 600,000 years old to date. August 14 - NBA basket ball player Magic Johnson is born. August 26 - The first Mini Cooper automobile is launched in Britain due to the gas shortage. It was called the Austin Mini Seven or the Morris Mini Minor. September 4 – The Song “Mack the Knife” was banned from a radio station in New York City after many reported teenage stabbings. September 12 – The Soviet space probe, The Luna 2, is launched for the moon. September 17 - Typhoon Sara kills 2,000 people in Japan and Korea. 840 people are left dead or missing in South Korea. September 22 – The first telephone cable linking Europe and the United States is launched. September 26 - A typhoon hits Japan, killing over 5,000 people. September 28 – The U.S. satellite, Explorer VI, takes the first video pictures of earth. October 10 - Pan American Airlines become the first to offer regular flights around world. October 15 - Sarah Ferguson, the Duchess of York, is born. October 21 - The Guggenheim Museum opens in New York City. Grand Theatre Study Guide 2009H10 Season Grease • November 1 – Jacques Plante is the first ice hockey goalie to wear a protective face mask. • November 11 – Rocky & His Friends, featuring Rocket J. Squirrel and Bullwinkle J. Moose, premieres on television and runs until 1961. • November 16 - The Sound of Music, a Rodgers and Hammerstein musical, opens on Broadway at the Lunt Fontanne Theatre in New York City. • November 18 - Canadian Content Rules are introduced for television. • November 20 – Austria, Britain, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Sweden and Switzerland all sign the Stockholm Convention to form the European Free Trade Association. Undated Events • Pantyhose are introduced by Glen Raven Mills. • The first known human with HIV dies in the Congo. • The Caspian Tiger becomes extinct in Iran. Rock and Roll In the late 1940s, early 1950s a genre of music known as rock and roll was born. Rock and roll while evolved in the United States was influenced by blues, rhythm and blues, country, folk, gospel, and jazz to create a new sound. After the immediate popularity of rock and roll the craze soon spread to the rest of the world which in turn had a huge social impact. Rock and roll being featured in the movies and on television at that time strongly influenced lifestyles, fashion, attitudes and even language. Rock and roll continues to affect and influence lifestyles and fashion to this day. Early rock and roll in the ‘40s and early ‘50s usually featured one or two electric guitars, a string bass guitar, drums and either a piano or saxophone on lead. By the mid ‘50s guitars transitioned to the lead instrument. Grand Theatre Study Guide 2009H10 Season Grease Disc jockey, Alan Freed, from radio station WJW in Cleveland, Ohio is credited for first using the phrase “rock and roll” in 1951. After playing rhythm and blues and country music for a multi-racial audience he used the phrase to describe the music. Although Freed made this phrase known among audiences, it had already been used as early as 1935 in many lyrics in rhythm and blues records throughout the United States. Freed also organized the first rock and roll concert on March 12 1952 which was shut down early due to overcrowding. Due to the concert’s huge success the record industry began to understand that there was a white market for African American music. Rock and roll took off and immediately spread around the world. Freed continued to organize many more concerts that were attended by both African American and white audiences. Rock and roll has helped to form many other genres of music such as progressive, alternative, punk and heavy metal. By the late ‘50s rock and roll was losing the rebellious feel that so many were originally drawn to and it was back to business as usual. Rock and roll had moved away from the raw and racy style that had made it so popular and became tame, safe and was nothing more than a catchphrase for teen music with a beat. Once having done so much to break down the barrier between races, rock and roll had now returned to mainly white stream music and targeted a mostly white audience. The initial influence of R&B on rock and roll had vanished and country music became the major source of new music in America. Although country music was the main focus in America, across the Atlantic in Britain rock and roll was still very much on the radar. England was not affected as much as there wasn’t around-the-clock radio. Their exposure came from a few singles shipped over from America and their government controlled the programming on BBC (the British Broadcasting Corporation). Britain continued with the sound of the original rock and R&B creating a new generation of British bands. Groups such as The Beatles, Rolling Stones and Dave Clark Five soon made England the rock capital of the world and by 1964 their music spread over to America creating an era known as the British Invasion. Grand Theatre Study Guide 2009H10 Season Grease Teen Idols A Teen idol, usually an actor or musician, is someone who is widely idolized by teenagers. Most teen idols are popularized due to their good looks and in the 1950s were mainly males who attracted a large audience of female teens because of their “sex appeal”. Male teen idols were often advised to keep their romantic relationships a secret and appear available as to not decrease their popularity among women. At the beginning of the rock and roll craze, Elvis Presley became one of the greatest teen idols of all time. Due to his mass success promoters quickly created teen idols such as Frankie Avalon and Ricky Nelson. Teen idols were often featured in magazines and were promoted on television on such programs as American Bandstand, Soul Train and The Ed Sullivan Show. Something Interesting… 1. Jeff Conaway, the actor who played Kenickie in the film version of Grease, had to walk slightly stooped to make John Travolta appear taller. 2. Olivia Newton-John had to be sewn into her pants for the last sequence (the carnival at Rydell) after the zipper broke. She was unable to remove the trousers until the filming of that scene was over! 3. Carrie Fisher, best known for her portrayal of Princess Leia in Star Wars, was considered for the role of Rizzo in the film version. 4. After the motion picture had finished filming producers felt that the movie was missing a strong ballad and the song “Hopelessly Devoted To You” was then written and recorded. Olivia Newton-John was brought back to film her singing this song. The song was added to the film and ended up receiving an Academy Award nomination. Grand Theatre Study Guide 2009H10 Season Grease 5. The day that Frenchy’s bedroom scene was being filmed when Rizzo sings a line about Elvis Presley, was the same day he died. 6. Rydell High is a reference to the teen idol Bobby Rydell. Questions & Activities 1. Write a review of the musical explaining aspects of the production that you liked and didn’t like. Some things to consider when reviewing are the costumes, set, plot and the music. 2. Watch the movie with John Travolta and Olivia Newton John. State the differences between the film version and the play. Compare how characters were portrayed in the film and how that differs from how they were portrayed in the play. Were there songs in the film that were not in the play? 3. Research fashion in the 1950s. Compare what men and women wear today and how it is similar or different from fashions in the ‘50s. 4. James Dean, Elvis Presley, Marilyn Monroe, Ricky Nelson, Pat Boone and Frankie Avalon were some of many icons of the 1950s. Pick a 1950s icon and research their lives and write a biography. Include important events in their lives and how their work influenced people at that time. 5. Research popular teen idols of today. Compare them with teen idols from the 1950s. Have teen idols changed over the last 50 years? If so how? 6. Research dance moves in the 1950s. How have dances changed throughout the years? Learn some ‘50s dance moves and have a ‘50s themed dance. 7. In Grease Sandy feels pressured by the Pink Ladies to fit in. Have you ever been in a situation where you felt pressured into something that you didn’t want to do? What are some ways that you can avoid peer pressure? 8. In the end Sandy changes her identity to fit in and win back Danny’s heart. In your opinion do you think that Sandy did the right thing in changing her image to fit in? Explain. Grand Theatre Study Guide 2009H10 Season Grease 9. Have a hula hoop contest and see who can hula the hoop for the longest. You will need a hula hoop and stop watch. 10.During the 1950s music was recorded and distributed on records. Research the journey from records to MP3s today. Reference Materials 1. Information from Answers.com. Jim Jacobs. [Online] 8 May 2009. < http://www.answers.com/topic/jim-jacobs>. 2. Wikipedia. Jim Jacobs. [Online] 8 May 2009. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Jacobs>. 3. Stage Agent. Grease. [Online] 8 May 2009. <http://www.stageagent.com/Shows/View/727>. 4. Wikipedia. Warren Casey. [Online] 8 May 2009. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_Casey>. 5. Wikipedia. Grease (musical). [Online] 11 May 2009. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grease_(musical)>. 6. Wikipedia. Grease (film). [Online] 11 May 2009. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grease_(film)>. 7. London Theatre Guide. Grease. [Online] 12 May 2009. <http://www.londontheatre.co.uk/londontheatre/whatson/ musicals.htm>. 8. Wikipedia. 26th Tony Awards. [Online] 12 May 2009. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/26th_Tony_Awards>. 9. The Internet Movie Database. Trivia. [Online] 23 June 2009. <http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0077631/trivia>. 10.Timelines. 1959. [Online] 23 June 2009. <http://timelines.ws/20thcent/1959.HTML>. 11.Wikipedia. 1959 in Canada. [Online] 23 June 2009. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1959_in_Canada>. 12.Wikipedia. 1959. [Online] 23 June 2009. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1959>. 13.Wikipedia. Rock and roll. [Online] 24 June 2009. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_and_roll>. 14.Wikipedia. Teen Idol. [Online] 24 June 2009. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teen_idol>. 15.History of Rock. The Death of American Rock and Roll. [Online] 24 June 2009. <http://www.history-of-rock.com/indx.html>. Grand Theatre Study Guide 2009H10 Season