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Transitioning to the Common Core State Standards with Pearson Prentice Hall Geometry Geometry Prentice Hall Geometry Transition Kit 1.0 Table of Contents Table of Contents Transitioning to a Common Core Classroom with Pearson’s Prentice Hall Geometry .............2 Standards for Mathematical Content — High School Mathematics ...........................................3 Standards for Mathematical Practices .............................................................................................9 Correlation of the Standards for Mathematical Content to Prentice Hall Geometry...............16 Implementing a Common Core Curriculum with Prentice Hall Geometry ...............................23 Common Core Lessons – A Sneak Peak.........................................................................................33 Geometry Transition Kit 1.0 Standards for Mathematical Practices Transitioning to a Common Core Curriculum with Pearson’s Prentice Hall Geometry Pearson is committed to supporting teachers as they transition to a mathematics curriculum that is based on the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics. This commitment includes not just curricular support, but also professional development support to help members of the education community gain greater understanding of the new standards and of the expectations for instruction. With this Transition Kit 1.0, we offer overview information about both the Standards for Mathematical Content and for Mathematical Practice, the two sets of standards that make up the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics. In the Overview of the Standards for Mathematical Content, teachers can become aware of critical shifts in content or instructional focus in the new standards as they begin planning a Common Core-based curriculum. In the Standards for Mathematical Practices essay, we present the features and elements of Prentice Hall Geometry ©2011 that provide students with opportunities to develop mathematical proficiency. You will also find a correlation of Prentice Hall Geometry ©2011 to the Geometry Pathway proposed by Achieve, a non-profit education reform organization that participated in the development of the Common Core State Standards. We have included in the correlation the supplemental lessons that we will be making available to ensure comprehensive coverage of all of the Standards for Mathematical Content of the Common Core State Standards. Additionally, we have included Pacing for a Common Core Curriculum, a pacing guide that recommends when each of the supplemental lessons should be taught. Finally, we offer a “sneak peak” of these supplemental lessons by providing a complete listing of the supplemental lessons that will be made available in May 2011. As you’ll notice, these lessons maintain the successful instructional approach of the Prentice Hall Geometry ©2011, while highlighting the connections to the Standards for Mathematical Practices and Content. 2 Geometry Transition Kit 1.0 Standards for Mathematical Content Overview of the Standards for Mathematical Content High School Mathematics The Common Core State Standards (CCSS) promote a more conceptual and analytical approach to the study of mathematics. In the elementary and middle years, the CCSS encourage the development of algebraic concepts and skills from students’ understanding of arithmetic operations. Students apply their knowledge of place value, properties of operations, and the inverse relationships between operations to write and solve first arithmetic, and then algebraic equations of varying complexities. In the late elementary years, students begin to manipulate parts of the expression and explore the meaning of the expression when it is rewritten in different forms. This early analytic focus helps students look more fully at the equations and expressions so that they begin to see patterns in the structure. At the high school level, the organization of the standards is by conceptual category. Within each conceptual category, except modeling, content is organized into domains, clusters, and standards. The summaries below present the key concepts and progressions for these conceptual categories: Algebra, Number and Quantity, Functions, Geometry, and Statistics and Probability. Modeling The CCSS place a specific emphasis on mathematical modeling, both in the Standards for Mathematical Practices and Standards for Mathematical Content. With this focus, the authors of the CCSS look to highlight the pervasive utility and applicability of mathematical concepts in real-world situations and students’ daily lives. The CCSS presents a basic modeling cycle that involves a 6-step process: (1) identifying variables in the situation and selecting those that represent essential features, (2) formulating a model by creating and selecting geometric, graphical, tabular, algebraic, or statistical representations that describe relationships between the variables, (3) analyzing and performing operations on these relationships to draw conclusions, (4) interpreting the results of the mathematics in terms of the original situation, (5) validating the conclusions by comparing them with the situation, and then either improving the model or, if it is acceptable, (6) reporting on the conclusions and the reasoning behind them. Choices, assumptions, and approximations are present throughout this cycle. 1 1 Common Core State Standards for Mathematics, June 2010, p. 72 3 Geometry Transition Kit 1.0 Standards for Mathematical Content Algebra By the end of Grade 8, students have synthesized their knowledge of operations, proportional relationships, and algebraic equations and have begun to formalize their understanding of linearity and linear equations. The study of algebra in the high school years extends the conceptual and analytic approach of the elementary and middle years. It expands the focus of study from solving equation and applying formulae to include a structural analysis of expressions, equations, and inequalities. The CCSS The domain names and cluster descriptions are a telling indication of this analytic approach. Seeing Structure in Expressions • Interpret the structure of expressions • Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems Arithmetic with Polynomials and Rational Functions • Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials • Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials • Use polynomial identities to solve problems • Rewrite rational expressions Creating Equations • Create equations that describe numbers or relationships Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities • Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning • Solve equations and inequalities in one variable • Solve systems of equations • Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically High School students expand their analysis of linear expressions started in Grade 8 to exponential and quadratic expressions, and then to polynomial and rational expressions. They use their understanding of the structure of expressions and the meaning of each term within expressions to rewrite expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems. Students draw from their understanding of arithmetic operations with numbers to solve algebraic equations and inequalities, including polynomial and rational equations and inequalities. High School students write equations and inequalities in one or more variables to represent constraints, relationships, and/or numbers. They interpret solutions to equations or inequalities as viable or nonviable options in a modeling context. Students develop fluency using expressions and equations, from linear, exponential, quadratic to polynomial, and rational, including simple root functions. They represent expressions and equations graphically, starting with linear, exponential, and quadratic equations and progressing to polynomial, rational, and radical equations. High School students come to understand the process of solving equations as one of reasoning. They construct viable arguments to justify a solution method. In advanced algebra courses, students explain the presence and meaning of extraneous solutions in some solutions sets. 4 Geometry Transition Kit 1.0 Standards for Mathematical Content Number and Quantity From the elementary through middle years, students regularly expand their notion of number, from counting to whole numbers, then to fractions, including decimal fractions, and next to negative whole numbers and fractions to form the rational numbers, and finally, by the end of middle years, to irrational numbers to form the real numbers. In high school, students deepen their understanding of the real number system and then come to know the complex number system. The domains and clusters in this conceptual category are shown below. The Real Number System • Extend the properties of exponents to rational exponents • Use properties of rational and irrational numbers. Quantities • Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems The Complex Number System • Perform arithmetic operations with complex numbers • Represent complex numbers and their operations on the complex plane • Use complex numbers in polynomial identities and equations Vector and Matrix Quantities • Represent and model with vector quantities. • Perform operations on vectors. • Perform operations on matrices and use matrices in applications. As students encounter these expanding notions of number, they expand the meanings of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division while recognizing that the properties of these operations remain constant. Students also realize that the new meanings of operations are consistent with their previous meanings. 5 Geometry Transition Kit 1.0 Standards for Mathematical Content Functions Students began a formal study of functions in Grade 8 where they explored functions presented in different ways (algebraically, numerically in tables, and graphically) and compared the properties of different functions presented in different ways. They described the functional relationship between two quantities and represent the relationship graphically. The domains and clusters for functions are listed below. Interpreting Functions • Understand the concept of a function and use function notation • Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context • Analyze functions using different representations Building Functions • Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities • Build new functions from existing functions Linear, Quadratic, and Exponential Models • Construct and compare linear and exponential models and solve problems • Interpret expressions for functions in terms of the situation they model Trigonometric Functions • Extend the domain of trigonometric functions using the unit circle • Model periodic phenomena with trigonometric functions • Prove and apply trigonometric identities Building on their knowledge of functions, high school students use function notation to express linear and exponential functions, and arithmetic and geometric sequences. They also compare properties of two (or more) functions, each represented algebraically, graphically, numerically using tables, or by verbal description, and describe the common effect of each transformation across different types of functions. They analyze progressively more complex functions, from linear, exponential, and quadratic to absolute value, step, and piecewise functions. A strong emphasis of the study of functions is its applicability to real-world situations and relationships. Students build functions that model real-world situations and/or relationships, including simple radical, rational, and exponential functions. They also interpret linear, exponential, and quadratic functions in real-world situations and applications. More advanced study of functions includes trigonometric functions. Students extend the domain of trigonometric functions using the unit circle, model periodic phenomena with trigonometric functions. They also prove and apply trigonometric identities. 6 Geometry Transition Kit 1.0 Standards for Mathematical Content Geometry In high school geometry, students expand their experiences with transformations and engage in formal proofs of geometric theorems, using transformations in the plane as a foundation to prove congruence and similarity. From this foundation, students look to define trigonometric ratios and apply these concepts to solve problems involving right triangles. In the middle years, students undertook an exploration of congruence and similarity through transformations. They verified the properties of transformations (reflections, translations, rotations, dilations) and described the effect of each on two-dimensional shapes using coordinates. Student explained that shapes are congruent or similar based on a sequence of transformations. Congruence • Experiment with transformations in the plane • Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions • Prove geometric theorems • Make geometric constructions Similarity, Right Triangles, and Trigonometry • Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations • Prove theorems involving similarity • Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles • Apply trigonometry to general triangles Circles • Understand and apply theorems about circles • Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles Expressing Geometric Properties with Equations • Translate between the geometric description and the equation for a conic section • Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically Geometric Measurement and Dimension • Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems • Visualize relationships between twodimensional and three-dimensional objects Modeling with Geometry • Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations High school students engage in a formal study of circles, applying theorems about circles and solving problems related to parts of circles or properties of circles. Through the study of equations that describe geometric shapes, students connect algebraic manipulation of equations or formulae to geometric properties and structures. As with other mathematical concepts, students investigate modeling realworld situations or relationships by applying geometric concepts. 7 Geometry Transition Kit 1.0 Standards for Mathematical Content Statistics and Probability The Common Core State Standards put more emphasis on interpreting data in both a measurement variable and quantitative variables. Students are expected to evaluate random processes and justify conclusions from sample surveys and experiments. Conditional probability and probability of compound events are used to interpret data. In the middle years, students began an exploration of statistics starting in Grade 6. They looked at measures of center and measures of variability to understand the visual representation of data sets and to analyze the attributes of a data set based on its visual representation. In Grade 8, students analyzed representations of bivariate data. Interpreting Categorical and Quantitative Data • Summarize, represent, and interpret data on a single count or measurement variable • Summarize, represent, and interpret data on two categorical and quantitative variables • Interpret linear models Making Inferences and Justifying Conclusions • Understand and evaluate random processes underlying statistical experiments • Make inferences and justify conclusions from sample surveys, experiments and observational studies Conditional Probability and the Rules of Probability • Understand independence and conditional probability and use them to interpret data • Use the rules of probability to compute probabilities of compound events in a uniform probability model Using Probability to Make Decisions • Calculate expected values and use them to solve problems • Use probability to evaluate outcomes of decisions In high school, students expand on their understanding of statistics and data representations to interpret data on a single variable and on two categorical and quantitative variables. High school students work with frequency tables, including joint marginal and conditional relative frequencies. They practice determining the best metric for reporting data. Students learn that statistics is a process for making inferences about a population based on a random sample from that population. They determine which statistical model is best for a given set of data. Students spend more time using tools such as calculators, spreadsheets and tables to examine their data. They work with the population mean and the margin of error to understand the limitations of statistical models. They look at probability models to analyze decisions and strategies using probability concepts. 8 Geometry Transition Kit 1.0 Standards for Mathematical Practices Common Core State Standards Standards for Mathematical Practices The Standards for Mathematical Practice are an important part of the Common Core State Standards. They describe varieties of proficiency that teachers should focus on developing in their students. These practices draw from the NCTM process standards of problem solving, reasoning and proof, communication, representation, and connections and the strands of mathematical proficiency specified in the National Research Council’s report Adding It Up: adaptive reasoning, strategic competence, conceptual understanding, procedural fluency, and productive disposition. For each of the Standards for Mathematical Practices is a explanation of the different features and elements of Pearson’s Prentice Hall High School Mathematics program that help students develop mathematical proficiency. 1. Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. Mathematically proficient students start by explaining to themselves the meaning of a problem and looking for entry points to its solution. They analyze givens, constraints, relationships, and goals. They make conjectures about the form and meaning of the solution and plan a solution pathway rather than simply jumping into a solution attempt. They consider analogous problems, and try special cases and simpler forms of the original problem in order to gain insight into its solution. They monitor and evaluate their progress and change course if necessary. Older students might, depending on the context of the problem, transform algebraic expressions or change the viewing window on their graphing calculator to get the information they need. Mathematically proficient students can explain correspondences between equations, verbal descriptions, tables, and graphs or draw diagrams of important features and relationships, graph data, and search for regularity or trends. Younger students might rely on using concrete objects or pictures to help conceptualize and solve a problem. Mathematically proficient students check their answers to problems using a different method, and they continually ask themselves, “Does this make sense?” They can understand the approaches of others to solving complex problems and identify correspondences between different approaches. The structure of the Pearson’s Prentice Hall High School Mathematics program supports students in making sense of problems and in persevering in solving them. With the Solve It!, a problem situation that opens each lesson, students look to uncover the meaning of the problem and propose solution pathways. In the Teacher’s Edition are guiding questions that teachers can ask to help students persevere in finding a workable entry point for the problem. The rich visual support to many of the Problems helps students make sense of the context in which the problems are set. Students realize the importance of checking their solution plans and answers through the prompts in the Think, Plan, and Know-Need-Plan boxes. For example, in a Think box students will be asked, “How can you get started?”; in a Plan box “How is this inequality different from others you’ve solved?” With the Think About a Plan exercises, students analyze the givens in a problem situation and then formulate a solution plan. Each lesson also has a set of Challenge exercises in which students consider previously-solved problems and persevere to formulate a solution plan. In the Pull It All Together activity at the end of each chapter, students apply their sense-making and perseverance skills to solve real-world problems. For examples, see Prentice Hall Geometry, pages 69, 159, 205, 266, 456, and 479 9 Geometry Transition Kit 1.0 Standards for Mathematical Practices 2. Reason abstractly and quantitatively. Mathematically proficient students make sense of quantities and their relationships in problem situations. They bring two complementary abilities to bear on problems involving quantitative relationships: the ability to decontextualize—to abstract a given situation and represent it symbolically and manipulate the representing symbols as if they have a life of their own, without necessarily attending to their referents—and the ability to contextualize, to pause as needed during the manipulation process in order to probe into the referents for the symbols involved. Quantitative reasoning entails habits of creating a coherent representation of the problem at hand; considering the units involved; attending to the meaning of quantities, not just how to compute them; and knowing and flexibly using different properties of operations and objects. Reasoning is one of the guiding principles of Pearson’s Prentice Hall High School Mathematics program and is especially evident in the Think, Plan, Write, and Know-Need-Plan boxes through which students are guided to represent problem situations symbolically. These features offer students prompts to facilitate the development of abstract and quantitative reasoning. Students regularly represent problem situations symbolically as they express the problem using algebraic and numeric expressions. Through the solving process, as they manipulate expressions, students are reminded to check back to the problem situation to verify the referents for the expressions. Each lesson ends with a Do You UNDERSTAND? feature in which students explain their thinking related to the concepts studied in the lesson. Throughout the Exercise sets are Reasoning exercises that focus students’ attention on the structure or meaning of an operation rather than the solution. For example, students are asked to determine the numbers in a subset without listing each subset. For the Pull It All Together feature at the end of each chapter, students draw on their reasoning skills to put forth an accurate symbolic representation of the problem presented and to formulate and execute a logical solution plan. For examples, see Prentice Hall Geometry, pages 62, 115, 219, 266, 335, 355, 473, 511, 618, 728, 785 10 Geometry Transition Kit 1.0 Standards for Mathematical Practices 3. Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others. Mathematically proficient students understand and use stated assumptions, definitions, and previously established results in constructing arguments. They make conjectures and build a logical progression of statements to explore the truth of their conjectures. They are able to analyze situations by breaking them into cases, and can recognize and use counterexamples. They justify their conclusions, communicate them to others, and respond to the arguments of others. They reason inductively about data, making plausible arguments that take into account the context from which the data arose. Mathematically proficient students are also able to compare the effectiveness of two plausible arguments, distinguish correct logic or reasoning from that which is flawed, and— if there is a flaw in an argument—explain what it is. Elementary students can construct arguments using concrete referents such as objects, drawings, diagrams, and actions. Such arguments can make sense and be correct, even though they are not generalized or made formal until later grades. Later, students learn to determine domains to which an argument applies. Students at all grades can listen or read the arguments of others, decide whether they make sense, and ask useful questions to clarify or improve the arguments. Consistent with a focus on reasoning and sense making is a focus on critical reasoning – argumentation and critique of arguments. In Pearson’s Prentice Hall High School Program, students are frequently asked to explain their solutions and the thinking that led them to these solutions. The many Reasoning exercises found throughout the program specifically call for students to formulate arguments to support their solutions. In the Compare and Contrast exercises, students are also expected to advance arguments to explain similarities or differences or to weigh the appropriateness of different strategies. The Error Analysis exercises found in each lesson require students to analyze and critique the solution presented to a problem. For examples, see Prentice Hall Geometry, pages 59, 154, 253, 319, 455, 510, 649, 733 11 Geometry Transition Kit 1.0 Standards for Mathematical Practices 4. Model with mathematics. Mathematically proficient students can apply the mathematics they know to solve problems arising in everyday life, society, and the workplace. In early grades, this might be as simple as writing an addition equation to describe a situation. In middle grades, a student might apply proportional reasoning to plan a school event or analyze a problem in the community. By high school, a student might use geometry to solve a design problem or use a function to describe how one quantity of interest depends on another. Mathematically proficient students who can apply what they know are comfortable making assumptions and approximations to simplify a complicated situation, realizing that these may need revision later. They are able to identify important quantities in a practical situation and map their relationships using such tools as diagrams, two-way tables, graphs, flowcharts and formulas. They can analyze those relationships mathematically to draw conclusions. They routinely interpret their mathematical results in the context of the situation and reflect on whether the results make sense, possibly improving the model if it has not served its purpose. Students in Pearson’s Prentice Hall High School Mathematics program build mathematical models using functions, equations, graphs, tables, and technology. For each Solve It! and Pull It All Together activities, students apply a mathematical model to the real-world problem presented. Students’ skills applying mathematical models to problem situations are refined and honed through the prompts offered in the Think, Plan, and Know-Need-Plan boxes. These prompts become less structured as students advance through the program and become more skilled at modeling with mathematics. For examples, see Prentice Hall Geometry, pages 12, 33, 62, 126, 255, 370, 522, 543, 581, 588, 600; Geometry, pages 60, 174, 356, 432, 517, 665, 727, 804; Algebra 2, pages 94, 134, 210, 334, 471, 544, 582, 706, 839, 883, 923 12 Geometry Transition Kit 1.0 Standards for Mathematical Practices 5. Use appropriate tools strategically. Mathematically proficient students consider the available tools when solving a mathematical problem. These tools might include pencil and paper, concrete models, a ruler, a protractor, a calculator, a spreadsheet, a computer algebra system, a statistical package, or dynamic geometry software. Proficient students are sufficiently familiar with tools appropriate for their grade or course to make sound decisions about when each of these tools might be helpful, recognizing both the insight to be gained and their limitations. For example, mathematically proficient high school students analyze graphs of functions and solutions generated using a graphing calculator. They detect possible errors by strategically using estimation and other mathematical knowledge. When making mathematical models, they know that technology can enable them to visualize the results of varying assumptions, explore consequences, and compare predictions with data. Mathematically proficient students at various grade levels are able to identify relevant external mathematical resources, such as digital content located on a website, and use them to pose or solve problems. They are able to use technological tools to explore and deepen their understanding of concepts. Students become fluent in the use of a wide assortment of tools ranging from physical devices to technological tools. They use various manipulatives in Activity Concept Bytes and different technology tools in the Technology Concept Bytes. By developing fluency in the use of different tools, students are able to select the appropriate tool(s) to solve a given problem. The Choose a Method exercises strengthen students’ ability to articulate the difference in use of various tools. Technology and technology tools, such as graphing calculators, dynamic math tools, and spreadsheets, are an integral part of Pearson’s Prentice Hall High School Mathematics program and are used in these ways: to develop understanding of mathematical concepts; to solve problems that would be unapproachable without the use of technology; and to build models based on real-world data. For examples, see Prentice Hall Geometry, pages 49, 147, 225, 300, 352, 470, 515, 659, 741, 789 13 Geometry Transition Kit 1.0 Standards for Mathematical Practices 6. Attend to precision. Mathematically proficient students try to communicate precisely to others. They try to use clear definitions in discussion with others and in their own reasoning. They state the meaning of the symbols they choose, including using the equal sign consistently and appropriately. They are careful about specifying units of measure, and labeling axes to clarify the correspondence with quantities in a problem. They calculate accurately and efficiently, express numerical answers with a degree of precision appropriate for the problem context. In the elementary grades, students give carefully formulated explanations to each other. By the time they reach high school they have learned to examine claims and make explicit use of definitions. Students are expected to use mathematical terms and symbols with precision. Key terms are highlighted in each lesson and Key Concepts explained in the Take Note features. In the Do You UNDERSTAND? feature, students revisit these key terms and provide explicit definitions or explanations of the terms. For the Writing exercises, students are once again expected to provide clear, concise explanations of terms, concepts, or processes or to use specific terminology accurately and precisely. Students are reminded to use appropriate units of measure when working through solutions and accurate labels on axes when making graphs to represent solutions. For examples, see Prentice Hall Geometry, pages 17, 92, 175, 253, 378, 510, 629, 689, 784 7. Look for and make use of structure. Mathematically proficient students look closely to discern a pattern or structure. Young students, for example, might notice that three and seven more is the same amount as seven and three more, or they may sort a collection of shapes according to how many sides the shapes have. Later, students will see 7 × 8 equals the well-remembered 7 × 5 × 7 × 3, in preparation for learning about the distributive property. In the expression x2 + 9x + 14, older students can see the 14 as 2 × 7 and the 9 as 2 + 7.They recognize the significance of an existing line in a geometric figure and can use the strategy of drawing an auxiliary line for solving problems. They also can step back for an overview and shift perspective. They can see complicated things, such as some algebraic expressions, as single objects or as being composed of several objects. For example, they can see 5 3(x y)2 as 5 minus a positive number times a square and use that to realize that its value cannot be more than 5 for any real numbers x and y. Throughout the program, students are encouraged to discern patterns and structure as they look to formulate solution pathways. Through the Think, Plan, and Know-Need-Plan boxes, students are prompted to look within a problem situation and seek to break down the problem into simpler problems. This is especially encouraged in Prentice Hall Geometry, where students think about composing and decomposing two-dimensional or three-dimensional figures to uncover a structure from which generalizable statements can be formulated. The Pattern/Look for a Pattern exercises explicitly ask students to find patterns in operations and from these patterns, to look for structure. For examples, see Prentice Hall Geometry, pages 60, 141, 230, 313, 387, 461, 557, 623, 700, 804 14 Geometry Transition Kit 1.0 Standards for Mathematical Practices 8. Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning. Mathematically proficient students notice if calculations are repeated, and look both for general methods and for shortcuts. Upper elementary students might notice when dividing 25 by 11 that they are repeating the same calculations over and over again, and conclude they have a repeating decimal. By paying attention to the calculation of slope as they repeatedly check whether points are on the line through (1, 2) with slope 3, middle school students might abstract the equation (y – 2)/(x – 1) = 3. Noticing the regularity in the way terms cancel when expanding (x – 1)(x + 1), (x – 1)(x2 + x + 1), and (x – 1)(x3 + x2 + x + 1) might lead them to the general formula for the sum of a geometric series. As they work to solve a problem, mathematically proficient students maintain oversight of the process, while attending to the details. They continually evaluate the reasonableness of their intermediate results. Once again, through the Think, Plan, and Know-Need-Plan boxes, students are prompted to look for repetition in calculations to devise general methods or shortcuts that can make the problemsolving process more efficient. Students are prompted to look for similar problems they have previously encountered or to generalize results to other problem situations. The Dynamic Activities, a feature at poweralgebra.com and powergeometry.com, offer students opportunities to notice regularity in the way operations or functions behave by easily inputting different values. For examples, see Prentice Hall Geometry, pages 83, 175, 265, 295, 371, 451, 499, 652, 726, 782 15 Geometry Transition Kit 1.0 Correlations of Standards for Mathematical Content Standards for Mathematical Content Prentice Hall Geometry The following shows the alignment of Prentice Hall Geometry ©2011 to Achieve’s Geometry Pathway for the Common Core State Standards for High School Mathematics. Included in this correlation are the supplemental lessons that will be available as part of the transitional support that Pearson is providing. These lessons will be part of the Transition Kit 2.0, available in May 2011. Standards for Mathematical Content Where to find in PH Geometry ©2011 Geometry Congruence G.CO Experiment with transformations in the plane G.CO.1 Know precise definitions of angle, circle, perpendicular line, parallel line, and line segment, based on the undefined notions of point, line, distance along a line, and distance around a circular arc. 1-2, 1-4, 1-6, 3-1, 106 G.CO.2 Represent transformations in the plane using, e.g., transparencies and geometry software; describe transformations as functions that take points in the plane as inputs and give other points as outputs. Compare transformations that preserve distance and angle to those that do not (e.g., translation versus horizontal stretch). CC-4, CC-5, CC-6, CC-7, CC-9, CC-12 G.CO.3 Given a rectangle, parallelogram, trapezoid, or regular polygon, describe the rotations and reflections that carry it onto itself. 9-3, 9-4 G.CO.4 Develop definitions of rotations, reflections, and translations in terms of angles, circles, perpendicular lines, parallel lines, and line segments. 9-1, 9-2, 9-3, CC-5, CC-6, CC-7 G.CO.5 Given a geometric figure and a rotation, reflection, or translation, draw the transformed figure using, e.g., graph paper, tracing paper, or geometry software. Specify a sequence of transformations that will carry a given figure onto another. 9-1, 9-2, 9-3, CC-5, CC-6, CC-7, CC-9, Concept Byte, p. 552 Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions G.CO.6 Use geometric descriptions of rigid motions to transform figures and to predict the effect of a given rigid motion on a given figure; given two figures, use the definition of congruence in terms of rigid motions to decide if they are congruent. CC-5, CC-6, CC-7, CC-9, CC-10 G.CO.7 Use the definition of congruence in terms of rigid motions to show that two triangles are congruent if and only if corresponding pairs of sides and corresponding pairs of angles are congruent. CC-10 G.CO.8 Explain how the criteria for triangle congruence (ASA, SAS, and CC-10 16 Geometry Transition Kit 1.0 Correlations of Standards for Mathematical Content Standards for Mathematical Content Where to find in PH Geometry ©2011 SSS) follow from the definition of congruence in terms of rigid motions. Prove geometric theorems G.CO.9 Prove theorems about lines and angles. Theorems include: vertical angles are congruent; when a transversal crosses parallel lines, alternate interior angles are congruent and corresponding angles are congruent; points on a perpendicular bisector of a line segment are exactly those equidistant from the segment’s endpoints. 2-6, 3-2, 5-2 G.CO.10 Prove theorems about triangles. Theorems include: measures of interior angles of a triangle sum to 180°; base angles of isosceles triangles are congruent; the segment joining midpoints of two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third side and half the length; the medians of a triangle meet at a point. 3-5, 4-5, 5-1, 5-4, 6-9 G.CO.11 Prove theorems about parallelograms. Theorems include: opposite sides are congruent, opposite angles are congruent, the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other and its converse, rectangles are parallelograms with congruent diagonals. 6-2, 6-3, 6-4, 6-5, 6-6 Make geometric constructions G.CO.12 Make formal geometric constructions with a variety of tools and methods (compass and straightedge, string, reflective devices, paper folding, dynamic geometric software, etc.). Copying a segment; copying an angle; bisecting a segment; bisecting an angle; constructing perpendicular lines, including the perpendicular bisector of a line segment; and constructing a line parallel to a given line through a point not on the line. 1-6, 4-5, CC-2, Concept Byte, p. 147, 249, 413, G.CO.13 Construct an equilateral triangle, a square, and a regular hexagon inscribed in a circle. 10-3, CC-2 Similarity, Right Triangles, and Trigonometry G.SRT Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations G.SRT.1.a A dilation takes a line not passing through the center of the dilation to a parallel line, and leaves a line passing through the center unchanged. CC-11, CC-13 G.SRT.1.b The dilation of a line segment is longer or shorter in the ratio given by the scale factor. CC-11, CC-13 G.SRT.2 Given two figures, use the definition of similarity in terms of similarity transformations to decide if they are similar; explain using similarity transformations the meaning of similarity for triangles as the equality of all corresponding pairs of angles and the proportionality of all corresponding pairs of side CC-13 G.SRT.3 Use the properties of similarity transformations to establish the CC-13 17 Geometry Transition Kit 1.0 Correlations of Standards for Mathematical Content Standards for Mathematical Content Where to find in PH Geometry ©2011 AA criterion for two triangles to be similar. Prove theorems involving similarity G.SRT.4 Prove theorems about triangles. Theorems include: a line parallel to one side of a triangle divides the other two proportionally and its converse; the Pythagorean Theorem proved using triangle similarity. 7-5, 8-1 G.SRT.5 Use congruence and similarity criteria for triangles to solve problems and to prove relationships in geometric figures. 4-2, 4-3, 4-4, 4-5, 46, 4-7, 5-1, 5-2, 6-1, 6-2, 6-3, 6-4, 6-5, 66, 7-2, 7-4 Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles G.SRT.6 Understand that by similarity, side ratios in right triangles are properties of the angles in the triangle, leading to definitions of trigonometric ratios for acute angles. Concept Byte, p. 506 G.SRT.7 Explain and use the relationship between the sine and cosine of complementary angles. CC-3 G.SRT.8 Use trigonometric ratios and the Pythagorean Theorem to solve right triangles in applied problems. 8-1, 8-2, 8-3, 8-4, Concept Byte, p. 515 Apply trigonometry to general triangles G.SRT.9 (+) Derive the formula A = 1/2 ab sin(C) for the area of a triangle by drawing an auxiliary line from a vertex perpendicular to the opposite side. 10-5 G.SRT.10 (+) Prove the Laws of Sines and Cosines and use them to solve problems. CC-3 G.SRT.11 (+) Understand and apply the Law of Sines and the Law of Cosines to find unknown measurements in right and non-right triangles (e.g., surveying problems, resultant forces). CC-3, Concept Byte, p. 522, Circles G.C Understand and apply theorems about circles G.C.1 Prove that all circles are similar. CC-14 G.C.2 Identify and describe relationships among inscribed angles, radii, and chords. Include the relationship between central, inscribed, and circumscribed angles; inscribed angles on a diameter are right angles; the radius of a circle is perpendicular to the tangent where the radius intersects the circle. 12-1, 12-2, 12-3 G.C.3 Construct the inscribed and circumscribed circles of a triangle, and prove properties of angles for a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle. 5-3, 12-3 18 Geometry Transition Kit 1.0 Correlations of Standards for Mathematical Content Standards for Mathematical Content G.C.4 (+) Construct a tangent line from a point outside a given circle to the circle. Where to find in PH Geometry ©2011 12-3, CC-14 Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles G.C.5 Derive using similarity the fact that the length of the arc intercepted by an angle is proportional to the radius, and define the radian measure of the angle as the constant of proportionality; derive the formula for the area of a sector. 10-7, CC-14 Expressing Geometric Properties with Equations G.GPE Translate between the geometric description and the equation for a conic section G.GPE.1 Derive the equation of a circle of given center and radius using the Pythagorean Theorem; complete the square to find the center and radius of a circle given by an equation. 12-5 G.GPE.2 Derive the equation of a parabola given a focus and directrix. CC-15 Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically G.GPE.4 Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically. For example, prove or disprove that a figure defined by four given points in the coordinate plane is a rectangle; prove or disprove that the point (1, √ 3) lies on the circle centered at the origin and containing the point (0, 2). 6-7, 6-8, 6-9 G.GPE.5 Prove the slope criteria for parallel and perpendicular lines and use them to solve geometric problems (e.g., find the equation of a line parallel or perpendicular to a given line that passes through a given point). 7-4, CC-1 G.GPE.6 Find the point on a directed line segment between two given points that partitions the segment in a given ratio. Concept Byte, p. 470 G.GPE.7 Use coordinates to compute perimeters of polygons and areas of triangles and rectangles, e.g., using the distance formula. 6-7, 10-1 Geometric Measurement and Dimension G.GMD Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems G.GMD.1 Give an informal argument for the formulas for the circumference of a circle, area of a circle, volume of a cylinder, pyramid, and cone. Use dissection arguments, Cavalieri’s principle, and informal limit arguments. 11-4, Concept Byte, p. 659, 667, 725 G.GMD.3 Use volume formulas for cylinders, pyramids, cones, and spheres to solve problems. 11-4, 11-5, 11-6 Visualize relationships between two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects G.GMD.4 Identify the shapes of two-dimensional cross-sections of three- 19 11-1, 12-6, CC-16 Geometry Transition Kit 1.0 Correlations of Standards for Mathematical Content Standards for Mathematical Content Where to find in PH Geometry ©2011 dimensional objects, and identify three-dimensional objects generated by rotations of two-dimensional objects. Modeling with Geometry G.MG Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations G.MG.1 Use geometric shapes, their measures, and their properties to describe objects (e.g., modeling a tree trunk or a human torso as a cylinder). 8-3, 10-1, 10-2, 10-3, 10-5, 11-2, 11-3, 114, 11-5, 11-6, 11-7, CC-16 G.MG.2 Apply concepts of density based on area and volume in modeling situations (e.g., persons per square mile, BTUs per cubic foot). 11-7 G.MG.3 Apply geometric methods to solve design problems (e.g., designing an object or structure to satisfy physical constraints or minimize cost; working with typographic grid systems based on ratios). 3-4, 3-6 20 Geometry Transition Kit 1.0 Correlations of Standards for Mathematical Content Standards for Mathematical Content Where to find in PH Geometry ©2011 Statistics and Probability Conditional Probability and the Rules of Probability S.CP Understand independence and conditional probability and use them to interpret data S.CP.1 Describe events as subsets of a sample space (the set of outcomes) using characteristics (or categories) of the outcomes, or as unions, intersections, or complements of other events (“or,” “and,” “not”). CC-17 S.CP.2 Understand that two events A and B are independent if the probability of A and B occurring together is the product of their probabilities, and use this characterization to determine if they are independent. CC-22 S.CP.3 Understand the conditional probability of A given B as P(A and B)/P(B), and interpret independence of A and B as saying that the conditional probability of A given B is the same as the probability of A , and the conditional probability of B given A is the same as the probability of B. CC-22 S.CP.4 Construct and interpret two-way frequency tables of data when two categories are associated with each object being classified. Use the two-way table as a sample space to decide if events are independent and to approximate conditional probabilities. For example, collect data from a random sample of students in your school on their favorite subject among math, science, and English. Estimate the probability that a randomly selected student from your school will favor science given that the student is in tenth grade. Do the same for other subjects and compare the results. CC-18, CC-21 S.CP.5 Recognize and explain the concepts of conditional probability and independence in everyday language and everyday situations. For example, compare the chance of having lung cancer if you are a smoker with the chance of being a smoker if you have lung cancer. CC-18, CC-22 Use the rules of probability to compute probabilities of compound events in a uniform probability model S.CP.6 Find the conditional probability of A given B as the fraction of B’s outcomes that also belong to A , and interpret the answer in terms of the model. CC-22 S.CP.7 Apply the Addition Rule, P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A and B), and interpret the answer in terms of the model. CC-20 S.CP.8 (+) Apply the general Multiplication Rule in a uniform probability model, P(A and B) = P(A)P(B|A) = P(B)P(A|B), and interpret the answer in terms of the model. CC-20 S.CP.9 (+) Use permutations and combinations to compute probabilities of CC-20 21 Geometry Transition Kit 1.0 Correlations of Standards for Mathematical Content Standards for Mathematical Content Where to find in PH Geometry ©2011 compound events and solve problems. Using Probability to Make Decisions S.MD Use probability to evaluate outcomes of decisions S.MD.6 (+) Use probabilities to make fair decisions (e.g., drawing by lots, using a random number generator). CC-23, CC-24 S.MD.7 (+) Analyze decisions and strategies using probability concepts (e.g., product testing, medical testing, pulling a hockey goalie at the end of a game). CC-23, CC-24 22 Geometry Transition Kit 1.0 Pacing for a Common Core Curriculum Pacing for a Common Core Curriculum with Prentice Hall Geometry This leveled pacing chart can help you transition to a curriculum based on the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics. The chart indicates the Standard(s) for Mathematical Content that each lesson addresses and proposes pacing for each chapter. Included in the chart are CC Lessons that offer in-depth coverage of certain standards. These lessons along with the lessons in the Student Edition provide complete coverage of all of the Common Core State Standards that make up Achieve’s Geometry Pathway. The suggested number of days for each chapter is based on a traditional 45-minute class period and on a 90-minute block period. The total of 160 days of instruction leaves time for assessments, projects, assemblies, preparing for your state test, or other special days that vary from school to school Standards for Mathematical Content Chapter 1 Tools of Geometry (✓) Geometry Common Core Content (❍) Reviews content from previous years (❏) Content for enrichment Basic Average Advanced Traditional 10 Block 5 1-1 Nets and Drawings for Visualizing Geometry Prepares for G.CO.1 ❍ ❍ ❍ 1-2 Points, Lines, and Planes G.CO.1 ✓ ✓ ✓ 1-3 Measuring Segments G.CO.1 ✓ ✓ ✓ 1-4 Measuring Angles G.CO.1 ✓ ✓ ✓ 1-5 Exploring Angle Pairs Prepares for G.CO.1 ✓ ✓ ✓ Concept Byte: Compass Designs Prepares for G.CO.12 ❍ ❍ ❍ 1-6 Basic Constructions G.CO.1, G.CO.12 ✓ ✓ ✓ Concept Byte: Exploring Constructions Prepares for G.CO.12 ❍ ❍ ❍ 1-7 Midpoint and Distance in the Coordinate Plane Prepares for G.GPE.4, G.GPE.7 ✓ ✓ ✓ Review: Classifying Polygons Prepares for G.MG.1 ❍ ❍ ❍ 1-8 Perimeter, Circumference, and Area N.Q.1 ❍ ❍ ❍ Concept Byte: Comparing Perimeters and Areas Prepares for G.MG.2 ✓ ✓ ✓ 23 Geometry Transition Kit 1.0 Pacing for a Common Core Curriculum Standards for Mathematical Content Chapter 2 Reasoning and Proof 2-1 Patterns and Inductive Reasoning 2-2 Conditional Statements Concept Byte: Logic and Truth Tables 2-3 Biconditionals and Definitions 2-4 Deductive Reasoning 2-5 Reasoning in Algebra and Geometry 2-6 Proving Angles Congruent Basic Average Advanced Traditional 10 Block 8 Prepares for G.CO.9, G.CO.10, G.CO.11 ✓ ✓ ✓ Prepares for G.CO.9, G.CO.10, G.CO.11 ✓ ✓ ✓ ❏ ❏ Prepares for G.CO.9, G.CO.10, G.CO.11 Prepares for G.CO.9, G.CO.10, G.CO.11 ✓ ✓ ✓ Prepares for G.CO.9, G.CO.10, G.CO.11 ✓ ✓ ✓ Prepares for G.CO.9, G.CO.10, G.CO.11 ✓ ✓ ✓ G.CO.9 ✓ ✓ ✓ 24 Geometry Transition Kit 1.0 Pacing for a Common Core Curriculum Standards for Mathematical Content Basic Average Advanced Chapter 3 Parallel and Perpendicular Lines Traditional 12 Block 6 3-1 Lines and Angles G.CO.1 ✓ ✓ ✓ Concept Byte: Parallel Lines and Related Angles G.CO.12, Prepares for G.CO.9 ✓ ✓ ✓ 3-2 Properties of Parallel Lines G.CO.9 ✓ ✓ ✓ 3-3 Proving Lines Parallel Extends G.CO.9 ✓ ✓ ✓ 3-4 Parallel and Perpendicular Lines G.MG.3 ✓ ✓ ✓ Concept Byte: Perpendicular Lines and Planes Extends G.CO.1 ✓ ✓ ✓ 3-5 Parallel Lines and Triangles G.CO.10 ✓ ✓ ✓ Concept Byte: Exploring Spherical Geometry Extends G.CO.1 ❏ ❏ 3-6 Constructing Parallel and Perpendicular Lines G.CO.12, G.MG.3 ✓ ✓ ✓ 3-7 Equations of Lines in the Coordinate Plane Extends G.GPE.5 ✓ ✓ ✓ 3-8 Slopes of Parallel and Perpendicular Lines G.GPE.5 ✓ ✓ ✓ CC-1 Slope and Parallel and Perpendicular Lines G.GPE.5 ✓ ✓ ✓ 25 Geometry Transition Kit 1.0 Pacing for a Common Core Curriculum Standards for Mathematical Content Chapter 4 Congruent Triangles Basic Average Advanced Traditional 12 Block 6 4-1 Congruent Figures Prepares for G.SRT.5 ✓ ✓ ✓ Concept Byte: Building Congruent Triangles Prepares for G.SRT.5 ✓ ✓ ✓ 4-2 Triangle Congruence by SSS and SAS G.SRT.5 ✓ ✓ ✓ 4-3 Triangle Congruence by ASA and AAS G.SRT.5 ✓ ✓ ✓ Concept Byte: Exploring AAA and SSA Extends G.SRT.5 ✓ ✓ ✓ 4-4 Using Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles G.SRT.5 ✓ ✓ ✓ Concept Byte: Paper-Folding Conjectures G.CO.12 ✓ ✓ ✓ 4-5 Isosceles and Equilateral Triangles G.CO.10, G.CO.12, G.SRT.5 ✓ ✓ ✓ 4-6 Congruence in Right Triangles G.SRT.5 ✓ ✓ ✓ 4-7 Congruence in Overlapping Triangles G.SRT.5 ✓ ✓ ✓ Chapter 5 Relationships Within Triangles Traditional 12 Block 6 Concept Byte: Investigating Midsegments Prepares for G.CO.10 ✓ ✓ ✓ 5-1 Midsegments of Triangles G.CO.10, G.SRT.5 ✓ ✓ ✓ 5-2 Perpendicular and Angle Bisectors G.CO.9, G.SRT.5 ✓ ✓ ✓ Concept Byte: Paper Folding Bisectors Prepares for G.C.3 ✓ ✓ CC-2 Constructions G.CO.12, G.CO.13 ✓ ✓ ✓ 5-3 Bisectors in Triangles G.C.3 ✓ ✓ ✓ Concept Byte: Special Segments in Triangles Prepares for G.CO.9 ✓ ✓ ✓ 5-4 Medians and Altitudes G.CO.10 ✓ ✓ ✓ 5-5 Indirect Proof Extends G.CO.10 ✓ ✓ ✓ 5-6 Inequalities in One Triangle Extends G.CO.10 ✓ ✓ ✓ 5-7 Inequalities in Two Triangles Extends G.CO.10 ✓ ✓ ✓ 26 Geometry Transition Kit 1.0 Pacing for a Common Core Curriculum Standards for Mathematical Content Chapter 6 Polygons and Quadrilaterals Basic Average Advanced Traditional 14 Block 7 Concept Byte: Exterior Angles of Polygons Prepares for G.SRT.5 ✓ ✓ ✓ 6-1 The Polygon-Angle Sum Theorems G.SRT.5 ✓ ✓ ✓ 6-2 Properties of Parallelograms G.CO.11, G.SRT.5 ✓ ✓ ✓ 6-3 Proving That a Quadrilateral Is a Parallelogram G.CO.11, G.SRT.5 ✓ ✓ ✓ 6-4 Properties of Rhombuses, Rectangles, and Squares G.CO.11, G.SRT.5 ✓ ✓ ✓ 6-5 Conditions for Rhombuses, Rectangles, and Squares G.CO.11, G.SRT.5 ✓ ✓ ✓ 6-6 Trapezoids and Kites G.CO.11, G.SRT.5 ✓ ✓ ✓ 6-7 Polygons in the Coordinate Plane G.GPE.4, G.GPE.7 ✓ ✓ ✓ 6-8 Applying Coordinate Geometry G.GPE.4 ✓ ✓ ✓ Concept Byte: Quadrilaterals in Quadrilaterals G.CO.12 ✓ ✓ ✓ 6-9 Proofs Using Coordinate Geometry G.CO.10, G.GPE.4 ✓ ✓ ✓ Chapter 7 Similarity Traditional 10 Block 5 7-1 Ratios and Proportions Prepares for G.SRT.5 ✓ ✓ ✓ 7-2 Similar Polygons G.SRT.5 ✓ ✓ ✓ 7-3 Proving Triangles Similar Reviews A.CED.1 ✓ ✓ ✓ 7-4 Similarity in Right Triangles G.SRT.5, G.GPE.5 ✓ ✓ ✓ Concept Byte: The Golden Ratio Extends G.SRT.5 ❏ ❏ Concept Byte: Exploring Proportions in Triangles G.GPE.6 ✓ ✓ ✓ 7-5 Proportions in Triangles G.SRT.4, G.SRT.5 ✓ ✓ ✓ 27 Geometry Transition Kit 1.0 Pacing for a Common Core Curriculum Common Core State Standards Basic Average Advanced Chapter 8 Right Triangles and Trigonometry Traditional 10 Block 6 Concept Byte: The Pythagorean Theorem Prepares for G.SRT.4 ✓ ✓ ✓ 8-1 The Pythagorean Theorem and Its Converse G.SRT.4, G.SRT.8 ✓ ✓ ✓ 8-2 Special Right Triangles G.SRT.8, ✓ ✓ ✓ Concept Byte: Exploring Trigonometric Ratios G.SRT.6 ✓ ✓ ✓ 8-3 Trigonometry G.SRT.8, G.MG.1 ✓ ✓ ✓ Concept Byte: Measuring From Afar G.SRT.8 ✓ ✓ ✓ 8-4 Angles of Elevation and Depression G.SRT.8 ✓ ✓ ✓ Concept Byte: Laws of Sines and Laws of Cosines G.SRT.10 ✓ ✓ ✓ CC-3 Law of Sines and Law of Cosines G.SRT.10, G.SRT.11 ✓ ✓ ✓ 8-5 Vectors N.VM.1, N.VM.4, N.VM.4.a, ❏ ❏ 28 Geometry Transition Kit 1.0 Pacing for a Common Core Curriculum Standards for Mathematical Content Chapter 9 Transformations Basic Average Advanced Traditional 16 Block 8 CC-4 Tracing Paper Transformations G.CO.2 ✓ ✓ ✓ CC-5 Translations G.CO.2, G.CO.4, G.CO.5, G.CO.6 ✓ ✓ ✓ Concept Byte: Paper Folding and Reflections G.CO.5 ✓ ✓ ✓ CC-6 Reflections G.CO.2, G.CO.4, G.CO.5, G.CO.6 ✓ ✓ ✓ CC-7 Rotations G.CO.2, G.CO.4, G.CO.5, G.CO.6 ✓ ✓ ✓ CC-8 Symmetry G.CO.3 ✓ ✓ ✓ CC-9 Composition of Isometries G.CO.2, G.CO.5, G.CO.6 ✓ ✓ ✓ CC-10 Triangle Congruence G.CO.6, G.CO.7, G.CO.8 ✓ ✓ ✓ CC-11 Exploring Dilations G.SRT.1.a G.SRT.1.b ✓ ✓ ✓ CC-12 Dilations G.CO.2 ✓ ✓ ✓ CC-13 Transformations and Similarity G.SRT.1.a, G.SRT.1.b, G.SRT.2, G.SRT.3 ✓ ✓ ✓ Concept Byte: Transformations Using Vectors and Matrices Extends G.CO.6, G.CO.7, G.CO.8 ✓ ✓ ✓ 9-6 Compositions of Reflections G.CO.5 ✓ ✓ ✓ Concept Byte: Frieze Patterns ❏ ❏ Concept Byte: Creating Tessellations ❏ ❏ 9-7 Tessellations ❏ ❏ 29 Geometry Transition Kit 1.0 Pacing for a Common Core Curriculum Standards for Mathematical Content Basic Average Advanced Chapter 10 Area Traditional 12 Block 6 Concept Byte: Transforming to Find Area ✓ ✓ ✓ 10-1 Areas of Parallelograms and Triangles N.Q.1, G.GPE.7, G.MG.1 ✓ ✓ ✓ 10-2 Areas of Trapezoids, Rhombuses, and Kites N.Q.1, G.MG.1 ✓ ✓ ✓ 10-3 Areas of Regular Polygons N.Q.1, G.CO.13, G.MG.1 ✓ ✓ ✓ 10-4 Perimeters and Areas of Similar Figures N.Q.1 ✓ ✓ ✓ 10-5 Trigonometry and Area N.Q.1, G.SRT.9, G.MG.1 ✓ ✓ ✓ 10-6 Circles and Arcs G.CO.1 ✓ ✓ ✓ Concept Byte: Circle Graphs Extends G.C.2 ❏ ❏ Concept Byte: Exploring the Area of a Circle G.GMD.1 ✓ ✓ ✓ 10-7 Areas of Circles and Sectors G.C.5 ✓ ✓ ✓ Concept Byte: Exploring Area and Circumference G.GMD.1 ✓ ✓ ✓ 10-8 Geometric Probability Prepares for S.CP.1 ✓ ✓ ✓ 30 Geometry Transition Kit 1.0 Pacing for a Common Core Curriculum Standards for Mathematical Content Chapter 11 Surface Area and Volume Basic Average Advanced Traditional 12 Block 6 ✓ ✓ Extends G.GMD.4 ❏ ❏ Concept Byte: Literal Equations Reviews A.CED.4 ❏ ❏ 11-2 Surface Areas of Prisms and Cylinders N.Q.1, G.MG.1 ✓ ✓ ✓ 11-3 Surface Areas of Pyramids and Cones N.Q.1, G.MG.1 ✓ ✓ ✓ 11-4 Volumes of Prisms and Cylinders N.Q.1, G.GMD.1, G.GMD.2, G.GMD.3, G.MG.1 ✓ ✓ ✓ Concept Byte: Finding Volume G.GMD.1 ✓ ✓ ✓ 11-5 Volumes of Pyramids and Cones N.Q.1, G.GMD.1, G.GMD.2, G.GMD.3, G.MG.1 ✓ ✓ ✓ 11-6 Surface Areas and Volumes of Spheres N.Q.1, G.GMD.3, G.MG.1 ✓ ✓ ✓ Concept Byte: Exploring Similar Solids Extends G.GMD.3 ✓ ✓ ✓ 11-7 Areas and Volumes of Similar Solids G.MG.1, G.MG.2 ✓ ✓ ✓ 11-1 Space Figures and Cross Sections G.GMD.4 Concept Byte: Perspective Drawing Chapter 12 Circles ✓ Traditional 12 Block 6 12-1 Tangent Lines G.C.2 ✓ ✓ ✓ CC-14 Circles G.C.1, G.C.4, G.C.5 ✓ ✓ ✓ Concept Byte: Paper Folding With Circles Prepares for G.C.2 ✓ ✓ ✓ 12-2 Chords and Arcs G.C.2 ✓ ✓ ✓ 12-3 Inscribed Angles G.C.2, G.C.3, G.C.4 ✓ ✓ ✓ Concept Byte: Exploring Chords and Secants Extends G.C.2 ✓ ✓ ✓ 12-4 Angle Measures and Segment Lengths Extends G.C.2 ✓ ✓ ✓ 12-5 Circles in the Coordinate Plane G.GPE.1 ✓ ✓ ✓ CC-15 Deriving the Equation of a Parabola G.GPE.2 ✓ ✓ ✓ 12-6 Locus: A Set of Points G.GMD.4 ✓ ✓ ✓ CC-16 Generating Three-Dimensional Objects G.GMD.4, G.MG.1 ✓ ✓ ✓ 31 Geometry Transition Kit 1.0 Pacing for a Common Core Curriculum Common Core State Standards Probability Basic Average Advanced Traditional 8 Block 4 CC-17 Theoretical and Experimental Probability S.CP.1 ✓ ✓ ✓ CC-18 Probability Distribution and Frequency Tables S.CP.4,S.CP.5 ✓ ✓ ✓ CC-19 Permutations and Combinations Prepares for S.CP.9 ✓ ✓ ✓ CC-20 Compound Probability and Probability of Multiple Events S.CP.7, S.CP.8, S.CP.9 ✓ ✓ ✓ CC-21 Contingency Tables S.CP.4 ✓ ✓ ✓ CC-22 Conditional Probability S.CP.2, S.CP.3, S.CP.5, S.CP.6 ✓ ✓ ✓ CC-23 Modeling Randomness S.MD.6, S.MD.7 ✓ ✓ ✓ CC-24 Probability and Decision Making S.MD.6, S.MD.7 ✓ ✓ ✓ 32 Geometry Transition Kit 1.0 Common Core Supplemental Lessons Common Core Supplemental Lessons Prentice Hall Geometry The supplemental lessons listed below will be available for Prentice Hall Geometry ©2011 in May 2011. These lessons ensure comprehensive coverage of all of the Standards for Mathematical Content that are in Achieve’s Geometry Pathway. CC-1 Slope and Parallel and Perpendicular Lines CC-2 Constructions CC-3 Laws of Sines and Laws of Cosines CC-4 Tracing Paper Transformations CC-5 Translations CC-6 Reflections CC-7 Rotations CC-8 Symmetry CC-9 Composition of Isometries CC-10 Triangle Congruence CC-11 Exploring Dilations CC-12 Dilations CC-13 Similarity CC-14 Circles CC-15 Deriving the Equation of a Parabola CC-16 Generating Three-Dimensional Objects CC-17 Theoretical and Experimental Probability CC-18 Probability Distribution and Frequency Tables CC-19 Permutations and Combinations CC-20 Compound Probability and Probability of Multiple Events CC-21 Contingency Tables CC-22 Conditional Probability CC-23 Modeling Randomness CC-24 Probability and Decision Making 33