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Transcript
Global Health
and Global Inequity
UNC Global Health Seminar
September 15, 2004
Nils Daulaire, MD, MPH
Global Health Council
Life Expectancy for Children Born Last Year
74 years
Top 1/5 of the 131 million born in that year.
Life Expectancy for Children Born Last Year
74 years
64 years
Middle 3/5 of all children born.
Life Expectancy for Children Born Last Year
74 years
48 years
64 years
Bottom 1/5
Life Expectancy for Children Born Last Year
74 years
(+2.7)
64 years
(+3.9)
48 years
(-1.5)
How have things changed over the past decade?
Global health inequities:
• One of every 7 children born into poverty
in a developing country will not survive to
age 5 – 20 times the risk faced here.
Global health inequities:
• One of every 7 children born into poverty
in a developing country will not survive to
age 5 – 20 times the risk faced here.
• In many countries, one of every 12 young
women will die from pregnancy or childbirth
before reaching the end of her reproductive
years – 250 times the risk faced here.
Global health inequities:
• One of every 7 children born into poverty
in a developing country will not survive to
age 5 – 20 times the risk faced here.
• In many countries, one of every 12 young
women will die from pregnancy or childbirth
before reaching the end of her reproductive
years – 250 times the risk faced here.
• In some southern African countries, the
likelihood that any given adolescent will die
from AIDS is greater than that she will live
her life HIV-free.
Premature Deaths
in Developing Countries
Injuries
17%
Chronic/ Noncommunicable
30%
Source: WHO, 2001
Infectious and
Reproductive
Causes
53%
Principal Contributors to
Global Burden of Disease
0
*
40
60
80
Pneumonia/ARI
*
*
20
HIV
Perinatal causes
*
Diarrhea
(Unipolar Depression)
(Ischemic heart disease)
*
Vaccine-Preventable
(Cerebrovascular)
*
Malaria
*Nutritional deficiencies
Source: WHO, 1999
These 10 conditions
comprise 46% of all
healthy years of life
lost worldwide.
Disability-Adjusted Life-Years Lost (millions)
100
Children under 5 bear the greatest burden…
Proportion of global burden of selected diseases borne by
children 0-4 years (estimated, year 2000)
Pneumonia
Diarrhea
Malaria
Measles
54%
85%
79%
89%
Percentage of deaths occurring among:
Source: Adapted from Murray & Lopez, 1996
Children 0 – 4 years
All other age groups
Laxmi’s Short Life
Kg
15
14
13
12
11
M
10
D
ARI
9
D
D
D D ARI
D
ARI
FEVER ARI ARI
8
ARI
7
D
ARI
D
ARI
D
6
5
D
D
D
D
D ARI
ARI
D D
ARI
4
3
D
ARI
ARI
X
D
D
ARI
ARI
KEY
ARI – Acute Respiratory Infection
D – Diarrhea
M – Measles
FEVER – Fever Unknown Origin
ARI
2
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
AGE IN MONTHS
24
27
30
33
36