Download AHII Vocab Review all units

AH2 Review Part 1 – The West/Populism
In 1848-1849, millions of people moved west in search of gold
Large deposit of ores (gold, silver, minerals) were found in Nevada
Heads of household were given 160 acres of land in the west for free, as long as they met
certain conditions (built a house, farmed at least 6 months out of the year, lived there 5 years
States sold land to railroad companies in order to earn money to create “land-grant colleges”
Houses built out west made of dirt, grass, mud, sticks; sometimes built into the side of a hill
Built by Irish and Chinese Immigrants, this railroad connected the east coast of the United
States to the West Coast of the United States, meeting at Promontory Point, Utah.
African Americans who moved west after the abolition of slavery to avoid persecution and
start a new life.
Sand Creek Massacre, Battle of Little Big Horn; conflicts over settlers moving west and
taking over land.
The forcing of a different culture or society upon a people or peoples
Attempted to assimilate the Native Americans, divided up plots of land on which they were
forced to live.
Helen Hunt Jackson’s novel which described years of mistreatment of Native Americans.
An organization created to help farmers fight unjust economic practices made up of the
National Farmers Alliance, Southern Farmers Alliance, Colored Farmers Alliance, etc.
The idea that the United States’ money should be backed by only gold; this was good for
businessmen, but bad for farmers in debt
The idea that the United States’ money should be backed by gold and silver; this was good for
farmers who had debts to pay, as it put more money into circulation
Led by William Jennings Bryan, this political party, also known as the “people’s party”
which was formed mostly by farmers. It supported bimetallism and reforms which would help
farmers.
Supreme court case which established the state power in regulating the railroads
Supreme court case which established the federal government’s power to regulate the
railroads
Reestablished the right to the federal government to regulate the railroads
Leader of the Populist Party, he ran for president in 1896 at which point he delivered his
famous “cross of gold” speech. He lost the election to William McKinley
Barbed Wire, Refrigerator car, Windmill
AH2 Review Part 2 – Imperialism
Author of The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, describing the necessity of a strong navy for
a powerful nation.
Poem by Josiah Strong making a parody of the “duty” white men felt to civilize indigenous peoples
The belief that whites were better than peoples of color
Extreme burst of national pride following a period of yellow journalism
Nickname given to the purchase of Alaska from Russia
United States gained this territory after it’s queen was overthrown by Hawaiian and American
businessmen
Nickname given to the Spanish-American War because of its short duration
Led by Theodore Roosevelt, these men charged up San Juan Hill to victory in Cuba
William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer led this type of sensationalized journalism which
attracted readers using bold titles and outlandish pictures
Sinking of the USS Maine, DeLome Letter, Cuban Rebellion against Spain, burning of US owned
sugar plantations by Cubans seeking assistance
Passed before the Spanish-American War, the US told Cuba that it would not annex it
Ended the Spanish American War, the United States gained the territories of Philippines, Guam,
and Puerto Rico
Cuba agreed to add this amendment on to their constitution, allowing the United States to set up a
military base, agreeing not to go into debt, and allowing the United States to intervene in Cuban
affairs anytime they felt it necessary.
Once controlled by the United States, this connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean
Ensured that the United States would be able to trade with China
Chinese rebelling against foreign influence in China; killed many foreigners
Added on to the Monroe Doctrine, saying that the United States would intervene in affairs of Latin
America if necessary
Roosevelt’s type of foreign policy, emphasizing a strong military
Taft’s type of foreign policy, emphasizing economic aid
Wilson’s type of foreign policy, emphasizing the spreading of American morals and ideals.
AH2 Review Part 3 – The Gilded Age
Elevator, Electric Trolleys, Telephone (Alexander Graham Bell), Typewriter, Bessemer Process (Steel)
Immigrants from the Southern and Eastern parts of Europe who moved to the U.S. knowing little of the
culture or language.
Early immigrants from the Northern and Western parts of Europe who were more educated and spoke English.
Author of How the Other Half Lives, a book describing the living conditions of urban immigrant families.
Entrance port for the majority of European immigrants in New York
Community centers developed to aid primarily urban immigrant families made famous by leaders such as Jane
Addams
Urban housing developed based on the idea that more windows made for better ventilation and sanitation
Law in effect from 1882-1943 excluding almost all immigrants from China from entering into the United
States
Capitan of Industry or Robber Barron in the steel industry
Andrew Carnegie’s idea that people should be able to make as much money as they can/want to, but they must
give back to the community.
Banker who dominated corporate finance and industrial consolidation during his time
Capitan of Industry or Robber Barron who controlled much of the oil industry
Family in control of much of the railroad industry
Time period in which the extreme wealth of a few masked the poverty and corruption in the majority of
society
Big businessmen and industrialists who were seen as making positive contributions to society
Big businessmen and industrialists who through unfair business practices amassed immense personal wealth
Organization of workers who banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages, hours,
and working conditions
Law which placed most federal government employees on the merit system and therefore marked the end of
the "spoils system."
Law which aimed to regulate businesses to stop monopolistic practices, but was instead aimed at labor unions
Lead by a “boss”, this corrupt organization depended on the support of immigrants who receive jobs and
services in return for political votes
Leader of the Tammany Hall political machine in New York City
Cartoonist who frequently made Boss Tweed the subject of his drawings, showing the corruption of political
machines
Illegal manipulation of contracts by a construction and finance company associated with the building of the
Union Pacific Railroad during President Grant’s administration
Illegal diversion of tax revenues in a conspiracy among government agents, politicians, whiskey distillers, and
distributors during President Grant’s administration
Also known as the "'Sugar Trust Case,'" was a United States Supreme Court case that limited the government's
power to control monopolies
Founded the American Federation of Labor (AFL)
Union leader, one of the founding members of the International Labor Union and the Industrial Workers of the
World (IWW)
Agreement between an employer and an employee in which the employee agrees, as a condition of
employment, not to be a member of a labor union
AH2 Review Part 4 – Progressivism
Authors and Journalists who uncovered evils of society to encourage reform. Examples:
Ida Tarbell (History of the Standard Oil Company), Upton Sinclair (The Jungle), Jacob
Riis (How the Other Half Lives)
Many young women were killed at a textile plant fire after having no way to get out of
the building
Famous settlement house started by Jane Addams to help poor, urban, immigrant
families.
Gave permission to levy an income tax
Direct election of senators by the people
The Volstead Act - started Prohibition - made the manufacturing and sale of alcohol
illegal.
Women's suffrage - gave women the right to vote
Law aimed to limit monopolies, but was instead aimed at labor unions
Supreme court dissolved a rail road company monopoly
made it illegal for railroad officials to give, and for companies to receive rebates for
using particular railroads
Governor of Wisconsin who increased the power of the states
Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson all ran in this Election. Roosevelt and the Progressive (Bull
Moose) Party split the republican vote, paving the way for Wilson (D) to win the
presidency.
Created a decentralized private banking system which divided the nation into 12
districts and established a regional bank in each district
Strengthened the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, made some monopolistic practices illegal
and protected the rights of labor unions and farm organizations
Supreme Court case which established the “separate but equal” doctrine
Civil Rights reformer who started the Tuskegee Institute for the vocational training of
African Americans, gave the Atlanta Compromise Speech. Was reassuring to whites
because he did not push for radical change.
radical early Civil Rights Leader who pushed for African Americans to get educated in
order to advance in society and gain equality. He led the Niagara Movement and was a
founding member of the NAACP.
Movement of African Americans from the Jim Crow south to northern cities to escape
racism and gain job opportunities.
To take away the vote with strategies such as literacy tests, poll taxes, and grandfather
clauses
Rules that enforced segregation in the South
electricity, mail order catalogues, Kodak camera, movie camera, airplanes, skyscrapers
$5 day, assembly line, Model T
AH2 Review Part 5 – World War One
His assassination was the immediate spark of WWI in Europe
The building up of nations militaries
Forming agreements with other countries that if one should go to the war, the other will support
them
A larger, more powerful country taking over a smaller, weaker country
Pride in one’s nation
British boat sunk by a German U-boat (a cause of the US's entry into WWI)
German submarines continued with unrestricted warfare even after promising to warn foreign ships
(long term cause of US entry into WWI)
A note written from the Germans to Mexico promising an alliance and returned land from the U.S.
if Mexico helped Germany defeat the U.S. in WWI.
United States, Great Britain, Russia, France, Italy
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire
President of the U.S. during WWI. He ran for re-election in 1916 and won using the slogan "He
kept us out of war". Created the Fourteen Points.
Required young men to register for the draft.
When a country keeps to itself (the policy the United States attempted to follow at the onset of
WWI in Europe)
Trench Warfare,” No Man's Land", Mustard Gas, Tanks, Airplanes, Telephones
Woodrow Wilson's plan for the end of WWI which aimed to create a lasting peace. This included
the League of Nations.
Ended WWI – punished Germany by having them accept blame for WWI and pay $33 billion in war
reparations. Included the League of Nations. The US refused to ratify this treaty and made their own peace with
Germany.
Organization to keep peace through discussion of problems instead of war.
Government agency created to oversee production of goods during the war
Tactics used to convince people to support the war effort
Individuals limit the amount of goods they use so that supplies can be provided for the military
AH2 Review Part 5 – World War One
His assassination was the immediate spark of WWI in Europe
The building up of nations militaries
Forming agreements with other countries that if one should go to the war, the other will support
them
A larger, more powerful country taking over a smaller, weaker country
Pride in one’s nation
British boat sunk by a German U-boat (a cause of the US's entry into WWI)
German submarines continued with unrestricted warfare even after promising to warn foreign ships
(long term cause of US entry into WWI)
A note written from the Germans to Mexico promising an alliance and returned land from the U.S.
if Mexico helped Germany defeat the U.S. in WWI.
United States, Great Britain, Russia, France, Italy
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire
President of the U.S. during WWI. He ran for re-election in 1916 and won using the slogan "He
kept us out of war". Created the Fourteen Points.
Required young men to register for the draft.
When a country keeps to itself (the policy the United States attempted to follow at the onset of
WWI in Europe)
Trench Warfare,” No Man's Land", Mustard Gas, Tanks, Airplanes, Telephones
Woodrow Wilson's plan for the end of WWI which aimed to create a lasting peace. This included
the League of Nations.
Ended WWI – punished Germany by having them accept blame for WWI and pay $33 billion in war
reparations. Included the League of Nations. The US refused to ratify this treaty and made their own peace with
Germany.
Organization to keep peace through discussion of problems instead of war.
Government agency created to oversee production of goods during the war
Tactics used to convince people to support the war effort
Individuals limit the amount of goods they use so that supplies can be provided for the military
AH2 Review Part 7 – World War Two and The Early Cold War
Benito Mussolini (Italy), Adolf Hitler (Germany), Emperor Hirohito (Japan), Joseph Stalin (Russia)
Totalitarian leader who promised to lead Germany out of their depression and restore the country to great
Agreement to outlaw war – but it could not be enforced
Series of laws enacted by the United States which aimed to keep the United States out of World War II
Agreement between the Soviet Union and Germany that they would not attack each other
Speech given by FDR describing what Americans should fight for
Allowed the US to let countries who were important to its national security borrow supplies needed for war.
Site of Japanese attack on the United States which drew the US into WWII
War strategy - “lightening war”
Battle of Britain, Stalingrad (Turning Point), D-Day (Operation Overlord), Battle of the Bulge
Battle of Midway (Turning Point), Iwo Jima, Okinawa
Led the United states in the Pacific during WWII and the Korean War
Battle strategy used in WWII to take over an island and then use it as a strategic base on their way to Japan
Led by J. Robert Oppenheimer, this secret project created the atomic bombs
War crimes trials that convicted Nazi leaders of the atrocities committed during the Holocaust
Required young men to register for the draft
Government organization that oversaw the production of goods for war
Individuals cut back on the goods they use so that more supplies can be used in the war effort
Money invested in the government to support the war that has a small return over time
Program to give returning GIs housing loans and free college education
Suburbs built primarily for returning GIs; inexpensive because nearly all of the houses were the same.
Population spike after WWII
Propaganda poster used to encourage women to leave the home and work in factories to help the war effort
Rounding up of everyone of Japanese decent in the US and forcing them to live in camps for national security
Supreme Court case which said its legal to take away civil rights during times of emergency
Winston Churchill’s symbolic divide between the Communist East and Democratic West.
United States policy to stop the spread of communism (containment)
Plan to give economic aid to Western Europe after WWII so that nations would not fall to communism
Allies sent food and supplies into West Berlin despite a Soviet Blockade
War fought to contain communism at the 38th parallel after the Communist North invaded the non-Communist South
Added to the Truman Doctrine, saying that the United States would give aid to countries in the Middle East
U.S. spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union
Communist leader of Cuba
Embarrassing failure of an attempt by the U.S. to overthrow the Communist government of Cuba
Wall dividing the city of Berlin between the Democratic West and Communist East
Nuclear standoff between the USSR and US – the cold war began to heat up
Agreement not to test nuclear weapons in the atmosphere
Group created to discuss problems between countries in an attempt to avoid war
North Atlantic Treaty Organization – a military alliance the United States joined
Military alliance between the Soviet Union and their communist satellite nations
AH2 Review Part 8 – 50’s, 60’s, 70’s
Government organization created to seek out people who were disloyal to the United States
Prominent US government figure who was found guilty of and jailed for being a communist.
Couple charged, convicted, and executed by the US for espionage – leaking atomic secrets to the Soviets
Amended the National Labor Relations Act, establishing control of labor disputes by enlarging the National Labor Relations
Board.
Truman’s domestic program which built on FDR’s New Deal. Believed that federal government should guarantee economic opportunity and
social stability.
Labor unions created in 1955 by the merger of the American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations
Authorized the building of highways throughout the nation; biggest public works project in the nation's history
Permanent relaxation in international affairs during the Cold War
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks – two rounds of talks and agreements between the US and USSR concerning nuclear arms
Congress on Racial Equality, an interracial organization that tried to bring change through peaceful confrontation
Court case that overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (separate but equal) and said that schools must be integrated
Civil rights leader appointed to the Supreme Court in 1967. He ruled over many important civil rights cases for many decades
Woman who challenged segregation on buses in 1955 which led to the boycott of the bus system.
Boycott of the public bus system in Montgomery, Alabama after Rosa Parks was asked to give up her seat.
Leader of the civil rights movement who advocated non-violent means of achieving equality. He was assassinated in 1968
President Eisenhower sent in troops to protect 9 African American students entering into Central High School in Little Rock,
AR
Organization of young African Americans who wanted immediate change. Later became associated with the Black Power
Movement
Method of protesting segregation where people would sit in a restaurant until they were served.
Protesters tested desegregation laws by riding buses into the south – troops were sent in to protect them
200,000 people came to Washington, DC to protest civil rights – where Martin Luther King Jr. gave his “I have a dream”
speech
Called for equal rights in jobs, schools, voting, and public services
Allowed federal officials to register voters where locals would not allow; eliminated literacy tests
Important figure in the Black Power Movement who later changed his views away from violent protest. Assassinated in 1965
Militant group who fought for civil rights. They called for African Americans to unite – Black Nationalism. (Marcus Garvey)
Movement by young people who wanted to resist the mainstream of dominant culture. This included changing music – rock
& roll
Written by Betty Friedan, told housewives it was ok to yearn for more than their accepted role as a wife and mother
Fought for fair pay and equal opportunities for women.
Women’s rights advocate who started Ms. Magazine
Opposed the women’s movement, believed women belonged in the home with their family
Supreme Court case which legalized abortion
Leader in the Latino rights movement who pushed for change for migrant workers
Fought for treaty rights and better conditions/opportunities for Native Americans
Enforced the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act
Leader of Northern Vietnam
Gave the president expanded powers to conduct war in Vietnam
Agent Orange, Napalm
Turning point of the Vietnam conflict; US decides they do not want to fight anymore after a series of attacks by North
Vietnam
American troops killed 400 women and children
Students were killed by the national guard while protesting the Vietnam War.
The US withdrew from the Vietnam War in 1973
Congress limited powers to conduct war
The capital of South Vietnam fell to the north. Vietnam became united and communist
Radio, Color TV, Nuclear Power, Computers
Government agency created for space exploration
Gave money to improve science and math in schools
Great Society: HUD, Head Start, VISTA, Medicare, National Endowment for the Humanities
People in Nixon’s reelection campaign were caught breaking into the Democratic Party’s headquarters. Nixon tried to stop the investigation and
cover it up.
Nixon was told to turn over the tapes. He did with 18 ½ minutes missing
Abolition of poll taxes (1964)
Provisions for the succession of the president and vice president (1967)
18 year olds can vote (1971)