Download Chapter 9 Notes

Name_________________________________________________
Science
Chapter 9
“Our Solar System”
Notes
Define the following vocabulary terms:
1. magnify
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2. telescope
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3. asteroid
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4. orbit
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5. solar system
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6. inner planets
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7. outer planets
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8. sun
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9. moon
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10.
planet
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11.
space probe
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Lesson 1
Seeing into Space:
If you look up into the night sky, you can see small points of 1.______________.
Most of these points of light are 2.___________. How can you see these objects
more clearly? 3._____________________________________________.
A 4._____________________ can help you see details of objects in the sky. A
telescope is a tool that makes distant objects appear
5._____________________ and 6.___________________. When you make an
object appear larger, you 7.________________ it.
The number of stars that can be seen through telescopes is much
8._________________ than the number that can be seen with just your
9._____________.
There are different kinds of 10._______________________. One kind of
telescope 11.__________________ distant objects by collecting
12._______________. This is called an 13._____________ telescope. Some
optical telescopes work like 14.__________________. They use
15._______________ pieces of glass called 16.________________. Other
optical telescopes use curved 17.__________________.
Instead of light, a 18._________________ telescope collects radio waves from
19._________________. Computers use the radio 20._______________ to
make 21.__________________ of space that scientists can
22._________________. As 23.________________________ improve,
scientists learn more about objects in 24.__________________.
A Hubble Scrapbook:
The Hubble Space 25.______________________ is different from other
telescopes because it is in space. It moves around 26.__________________
every 27. ___________ minutes. Hubble was launched in 28.____________
from a space shuttle.
Clouds, dust, and water of 29._______________ atmosphere blur the view of
objects in space. But 30.________________ helps scientists see space from
beyond Earth’s atmosphere. It gets 31._____________________ view of
distant regions of space.
Homework #1
1. What are telescopes used for in science? (pgD38)
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2. Use the word magnify in a sentence.
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3. What is the difference when you view objects with your eyes compared to
using a telescope?
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4. What problem does the Earth’s atmosphere cause for viewing objects in
space? (D40)
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Lesson 2
Solar System:
The 32._____________ is the nearest 33.__________ to the Earth. Like
all stars, the Sun is a huge 34._______________ of hot
35._____________ that gives off 36._____________ and
37._________________. Earth is one of the 38.________________
planets that move around the 39.________________. A
40.__________________ is a large body in space that moves around a
41.________________. A 42._______________ does not produce
43._______________ of its own.
Earth and 44.__________________ other planets each
45._______________, or move in a path, around the 46.______________.
A planets 47.____________ around the Sun is an
48._________________.
Most planets have 49.__________ or more 50._________________.
A 51.___________ is a small, rounded body in orbit around a
52.___________________. A moon does not produce its own
53.____________________. The Sun, planets, moons, and other objects
that orbit the sun make up the 54.____________________________.
The farther a 55.____________________ from the Sun, the
56._________________ it takes to orbit the Sun. The time it takes to
complete one trip around the Sun is called a 57._________________.
Earth’s year is about 58._______________ days long. Mercury, the planet
59.__________________ to the Sun, makes a complete orbit in just
60.______________ Earth days.
As it orbits the Sun, each planets also 61.______________ like a top.
The spinning causes the cycle of the 62._______________________ and
63._________________________. Earth’s day, one full turn is
64._________________ hours long. Some planets spin more
65._______________ than Earth. It takes 66._________________
Earth days for Venus to complete one full turn.
The inner planets are:
1.______________________________
2.______________________________
3.______________________________
4.______________________________
These planets get a lot of 67.________________ and
68.________________ because they are close to the 69._____________.
The inner planets are small and are made of solid 70.________________
material. Their surfaces have 71._____________________ and
72.____________________.
The outer planets are:
1.______________________________
2.______________________________
3.______________________________
4.______________________________
5.______________________________
They are 73.___________________ and 74.________________
because they are far from the Sun. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are
75._______________. They are made of 76._________________ and
have many 77._______________. Each of these four planets also has a
system of 78.________________. 79._________________ is small and is
made of rocks and frozen gases. It has no 80.__________________ and
only one 81._________________.
The Asteroid Belt is an area between the
82.______________________ and the 83.______________________.
An 84.___________________ is a piece of rock that orbits the Sun.
There are thousands of asteroids within the
85._______________________________. An asteroid can be as small as
a grain of 86.______________ or almost as large as the state of
87._______________________________.
Sometimes a piece of an asteroid breaks off and moves close to
the 88.___________________ . As it moves through the Earth’s
Atmosphere, it 89._______________ up.
Homework #2
1. Name the Inner planets:
1.______________________________
2.______________________________
3.______________________________
4.______________________________
2. Name the Outer planets:
1.______________________________
2.______________________________
3.______________________________
4.______________________________
5.______________________________
3. Name the nine planets in order.
1. _____________________
4.__________________ 7._______________
2._____________________
5.__________________ 8._______________
3._____________________
6.__________________ 9._______________
4.Explain why the inner planets and the outer planets are different.
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5. Which statement about the sun is true?
a. It gives off light
b. it orbits the planets
c. it has one moon
Lesson 3
The Inner Planets
Mercury is the 90.___________________ planet to the Sun. It is a tiny
91.______________ rocky planet not much larger than the Earth’s
92._______________. As you can see, the surface of Mercury has
93._______________, flat areas, and 94.____________________.
Unlike Earth, Mercury has no 95.__________________ and very
little air. There is no blanket of air to keep the
96.______________________ steady. Because of this Mercury gets
very 97._____________ during the day and very 98._____________ at
night. You could not 99._______________ on Mercury.
Venus
Venus is the 100.__________ planet from the 101.__________. Venus
has been called Earth’s 102.__________ because it is about the same
103._____________ as the Earth and it’s orbit is next to the Earth’s
orbit. Venus is a very 104.___________________ planet in the Earth’s
sky. Often Venus can be seen 105.__________ in the sky, just after
106._________________.
Although it looks beautiful from Earth, Venus would not be a very
pleasant place to 107.___________. It is covered with a thick layer of
108._________________. The clouds trap 109._____________ and
make Venus the 110.__________________ planet. There is no
111.___________ on Venus. It’s surface is covered with
112.___________ and 113.___________, and there are many
114.______________________.
Earth
Earth, the 115.______________ planet, is your home. It is the only
planet in the solar system that is known to support 116.____________.
Earth has both liquid 117.__________________ and
118.________________, which most living things need. In addition,
Earth’s atmosphere keeps the planet from getting too 119.__________
or too 120.__________________.
From space, Earth looks like a big blue 121.__________________.
About 122.__________ of Earth’s surface is covered by liquid
123.__________. Mountains, deserts, valleys, forests, and frozen land
areas make up the rest of the 124.____________________.
Mars
Mars, the 125.__________ planet, is called the
126._____________________. It is covered with 127.___________
rocks and soil that contain rust. Mars has many
128._________________, including the 129.__________________
volcano in the solar system. This volcano rises 26km above the
130._______________ around it. Canyons, craters, and valleys are
features of its 131._________________.
Winds on Mars cause powerful 132.________________storms that
sometimes last for months. No liquid 133.____________ can be found on
Mars, but there is ice at the 134.______________. Many scientists
think that liquid water and perhaps 135.___________ may have existed
on Mars. But no signs of 136._________ have yet been found.
Exploring the Inner Planets
If you wanted to learn about a place you could 137._____________ it.
But what if the place was too 138.______________________ or too far
away to visit? There are reasons why people have not yet visited
139.__________________. Instead, scientists have sent
140._________________ probes to most of the planets. A
141.__________________________________ is a craft that explores
outer space carrying instruments, but not people.
Space probes carry 142.________________, lab equipment, and other
tools to take pictures and collect 143.__________________. They send
information back to 144.______________ to be studied.
Homework #3
1. What is a space probe?
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2. What characteristics of Earth allot it to support life?
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3. What are two ways that Mercury is like Earth’s Moon?
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4. All the following are inner planets EXCEPT____________.
a. Mars
b. Earth
c. Saturn
d. Mercury
5. Which is longer one Venus?
a. One day
b. One year
6. Why is Venus the hottest planet?
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