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Family Etmopteridae Sara McCutcheon Order Squaliformes • Kingdom: Animalia • Phylum: Chordata • Class: Chondricthyes • Order: Squaliformes • Family: Etmopteridae • Genus: 5 genera • Species: > 50 spp. • • • • Dogfish Sharks 2 Dorsal fins (w or w/o spines) No anal fin 5 Gill slits (all in front of pectoral fin origins) • Nostrils not connected to mouth by grooves • Spiracles behind and at level of eyes • No nictitating lower eyelids Family Etmopteridae • • Kingdom: Animalia • • Phylum: • Chordata • Class: • Chondricthyes • • Order: Squaliformes • • Family: Etmopteridae • • Genus: 5 • genera • Species: > 50 • spp. Lantern Sharks Luminous organs usually present Small sharks (10-107cm TL) Usually 2D > 1D Long, grooved dorsal spines Caudal fin w/ subterminal notch Continental and insular slopes Benthopelagic bathyal Tropical to temperate • Reproduction when known is ovoviviparous w/ 3-20 pups Genus Aculeola • Kingdom: Animalia • Phylum: Chordata • Class: Chondricthyes • Order: Squaliformes • Family: Etmopteridae • Genus: Aculeola • Species: nigra (1 sp) • Hooktooth dogfish • Small, hook-like teeth in both jaws • Very small, equal size dorsal spines • Long upper caudal lobe, lower lobe not differentiated • Gill openings quite large Aculeola nigra • Common, but restricted to SE Pacific Genus Centroscyllium • Kingdom: • Animalia • Phylum: • Chordata • Class: Chondricthyes • • Order: Squaliformes • • Family: Etmopteridae • • Genus: Centroscyllium • Species: 7 Combtooth dogfish Teeth w/ cusps and cusplets in both jaws Short to moderately long snout Strongly grooved dorsal spine 2D > 1D Centroscyllium fabricii Centroscyllium spp. • 6 of 7 species are very small (<50cm TL) • Restricted to local and regional distributions • Species off Japan, N Indian Ocean, E Pacific, SW Atlantic • The largest C. fabricii (50100cm) antitropical distribution in N and S Atlantic Genus Etmopterus • Kingdom: Animalia • Phylum: Chordata • Class: Chondricthyes • Order: Squaliformes • Family: Etmopteridae • Genus: Etmopterus • Species: 32 • Lantern dogfish • Often have photophores on underside • Upper teeth with a cusp and 1 or more pairs of cusplets • Lower teeth blade-like • Smallest known shark species E. carteri and E. perryi reaches 10-20cm TL at maturity Genus Etmopterus • Kingdom: Animalia • Phylum: Chordata • Class: Chondricthyes • Order: Squaliformes • Family: Etmopteridae • Genus: Etmopterus • Species: 32 • Feed on macroplankton/micronekton, teleost fish, and cephalopods • Dietary shift between juveniles and adults • Juveniles feed on eurybathic crustaceans • Adults feed on teleosts and cephalopods • Age determination based on spine bands concluded: – External spine bands: males 20yr, females 30yr – Internal spine bands: males 10.5yr, females 11.5yr – Long-lived and late maturing sharks Etmopterus spp. • Very small to small sharks (<50cm TL) • All confined to bathyal habitats • World-wide but with local or regional distributions • Tropical and temperate waters • NW Atlantic has 6 endemic spp. • Fossils of Etmopterus found in deep-water Miocene deposits Genus Miroscyllium • Kingdom: Animalia • Phylum: Chordata • Class: Chondricthyes • Order: Squaliformes • Family: Etmopteridae • Genus: Miroscyllium • Species: sheikoi (1 sp) • Rasptooth dogfish • Dark brown dorsally, black ventrally • Black photomarks on caudal fin and caudal peduncle • Long, flat snout • Short mouth with comb-like teeth • Teeth with cusps and cusplets in both jaws Miroscyllium sheikoi • Only known from Japan • 340-370m • Apparently rare and localized Genus Trigonognathus • Kingdom: Animalia • Phylum: Chordata • Class: Chondricthyes • Order: Squaliformes • Family: Etmopteridae • Genus: Trigonognathus • Species: kabeyai (1 sp) • • • • • • • Viper dogfish “Triangle mouth” Terminal, snake-like mouth Huge, curved fang-like teeth Jaw highly protrusible Body dark brown dorsal, black ventral Black photomarks on caudal fin and peduncle • Large, diagonally elongated spiracle Trigonognathus kabeyai • NW Pacific off Japan, Hawaii, and Emperor seamounts • Upper continental slopes, on bottom (330-360m) Any Questions?
