Download Phrases - Wando High School

Grammar Review
Sentence Parts and Phrases
1
Sentence Parts and Phrases
• Subject – who or what the sentence is
about
– Must be a noun, pronoun, gerund, or infinitive
– Can be an unspoken “you”
– There and here are never the subject
• Verb – action that takes place
– Transitive: takes a direct object (I love grammar.)
– Intransitive: no direct object (The ground shook.)
– All linking verbs are intransitive:
• is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been, appear, become, feel, grow,
look, remain, seem, smell, sound, taste, stay, etc...
2
Sentence Parts and Phrases
• Complement – completes the meaning of
subject/verb
– Direct Object (DO): noun or pronoun that
follows an action verb, answers “what?”
I like English. I like what?
English
– Indirect Object: noun or pronoun that comes
before DO, answers “to or for whom or what”
He gave me the paper.
He gave the paper to whom?
me
3
Sentence Parts and Phrases
• Complement – completes the meaning of
subject/verb (cont.)
– Predicate Nominative: a noun or pronoun
that follows linking verb and renames the
subject (He is a nice guy.)
– Predicate Adjective: an adjective that follows
linking verb and describes the subject
(He is gross.)
4
Sentence Parts and Phrases
Phrase – a group of words that modify another
• Appositive/Appositive Phrase - Noun or pronoun that
follows and renames a noun or pronoun.
– My son Beck likes trains.
– Ashley, my daughter, loves to sing.
Comma usage rules:
– Restrictive: limits the meaning so it can’t be removed without
changing the sentence
– Unrestrictive: does not limit the meaning so it can be removed
without changing the meaning
5
Sentence Parts and Phrases
Phrase – a group of words that modify another
• Preposition Phrase – a preposition followed by a noun
or pronoun: gives position, relationship or direction
– The key is under the rug
Adjectivial - phrase functions like an adjective, describing a noun
or pronoun
Over Ed's head, the plane roared into the night sky.
Adverbial - phrase functions like an adverb, describing a verb,
adjective, or another adverb
Over Ed's head, the plane roared into the night sky.
– If there is no object, there is no preposition. (Please stand up. “Up” is an
adverb)
6
Sentence Parts and Phrases
• Gerund, Participle, or Infinitive Phrases
– the gerund, participle or infinitive
followed by its modifiers and objects
– Writing long essays can be fun. (noun)
– Running down the hall, he bumped into the principal.
(adjective)
– He likes to eat pepperoni pizza. (adverb)
7
Sentence Parts and Phrases
• Introductory Phrase – consists of a
noun/pronoun, a participle, and any
related modifiers that modify a specific
word, usually the subject. This phrase is
set off by a comma.
Bending at the waist, Emma stretched and touched her toes.
Suffering from indigestion, Sean frequently took antacids.
8
Sentence Parts and Phrases
• Absolute Phrase – consists of a
noun/pronoun, a participle, and any
related modifiers that modify the whole
sentence rather than a specific word
His homework finished, Matt headed for the baseball field.
9
Review
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Bill went home.
Janey felt sick.
Boozer, my dog, shook.
I went to the store.
I went home to run.
Falling down isn’t fun.
I bought myself some paper.
Gasping for breath, I finally
finished the marathon.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
Direct object
Indirect object
Transitive verb
Appositive (phrase)
Prepositional Phrase
Gerund Phrase
Participle Phrase
Infinitive
10
Review
1. C Bill went home.
2. A Janey felt sick.
3. D Boozer, my dog, shook.
4. E I went to the store.
5. H I went home to run.
6. F Falling down isn’t fun.
7. B I bought myself some paper.
8. G Gasping for breath, I finally
finished the marathon.
A. 2 Direct object
B. 7 Indirect object
C. 1 Transitive verb
D. 3 Appositive (phrase)
E. 4 Prepositional Phrase
F. 6 Gerund Phrase
G. 8 Participle Phrase
H. 5 Infinitive
11