Download Cinder Cone Volcanoes!

Taylor Delph
James Cannariato
Kayla Abrott
Abby Grove
Ashley George
Ahh! Volcanoes!
The Creation Story
Convergent Plates
Oceanic  Continental
Convergent Plates
Oceanic  Oceanic
Convergent Plates
Continental  Continental
Features of Volcanoes
3 Different Types of Volcanoes!
Cinder Cone Volcanoes!
Paricutin
Stratovolcanoes! (Composite)
Mt. Fuji
Mt. Rainier
Mt. Pinatubo
Why are
volcanoes
important??
Our team studied know effects of volcanoes and sought
to uncover their impact on earth’s climate. We also
developed a geo-engineering solution proposition.
Volcano Hazards
 Volcanoes
emit hazards that destroy
everything in their path, including…
• Blasts
• Lahars
• Pyroclastic Flows
• Lava
• Poisonous Gases
Initial Blasts

The Initial blast of the Pinatubo volcano was an
incredibly powerful event that decimated any and
everything nearby.
• 240 megatons of thermal energy were released in eruption.
(way more than a nuclear bomb.)
• A giant ash cloud was released that rose 35 km into the air.
• Hot gases and lava surged into the surrounding country
side and burned everything.
• Volcano Domination
PyroClastic Flow
 Pyroclastic
flows are huge swirling
clouds of fire, sulfur, rock, and poisonous
death that explode out onto the surface
 The cloud flows at extremely high speed
down the surface of the mountain.
• Because the material is too heavy to be lifted up
into the air, but hot enough to garner some lift,
there is little friction with the ground to hinder
its movement.
Lahar
A
mudflow or landslide
composed of pyroclastic
material (tephra) and
water that flows down the
side of a volcano
 Can flow down the side of
the volcano at 60 mph.
 At Pinatubo, Lahars were
formed by the typhoon that
was passing through the
area at the time, increasing
its killing power.
Lava
 Lava
is molten rock that is over 2000° F.
That is hot enough to melt/destroy
everything.
 Molten magma billows up from inside the
the earth’s crust, and comes out onto the
surface and flows down the mountain
side.
• Overtime, this builds up to create new land
masses (Ex: Hawaii)
Hot Ash & Sulfur
 Volcanoes
release all kinds of poisonous
gases and materials into the atmosphere
• These include: Sulfur, HCl( stomach acid), CO2, ash,
and other horrible pollutants
• Sulfur reacts with the water molecules to create
aerosols which reflect solar energ back into space;
albedo effect
• The HCl come back into the atmosphere as a acid
rain, which can damage lungs, eyeballs, paint, and
plant life.
• After the Pinatubo explosion, the pollutants created
dazzling sunsets as the light was refracted into reds
and purples and oranges.
The Ozone Effect
 What
is the ozone?
 Location
 Absorbs 93-99% of the sun’s harmful radiation
The Ozone Effect
 Sulfur
Dioxide
 Gases – not a direct
role in cooling
 Ozone depletion
The Ozone Effect
 Our
fault?
 Climate change
•Haze is caused by fine
particles that scatter and
absorb light, stopping it
from reaching the earth’s
surface and lowering
global temperatures
•Five types of fine
particles contribute to
haze: sulfates, nitrates,
organic carbon,
elemental carbon, and
crustal material.
•
Large volcanic eruption
columns spew ash particles
and sulfuric gases into the
troposphere and
stratosphere, creating clouds
that can remain for weeks
after the eruption
•
The sulfurous gases combine
with water in the atmosphere
to form acidic aerosols that
also absorb incoming solar
radiation and scatter it back
out into space
•
Hard to measure
Greenhouse Effect

Greenhouse gases
• Carbon Dioxide, Methane,
N2O, CFCs

Short wavelength
radiation
• UV and visible light
Greenhouse Effect + Mt. Pinatubo


Carbon Dioxide
and
Global Warming
Haze Effect
« Ash cloud, Mt. Pinatubo
Photo courtesy of NOAA
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http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=how-do-volcanoes-affectw
http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/climate_effects.html
http://climatechange.suite101.com/article.cfm/how_haze_particles_affect_climate
http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Home.html
http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/news/2009/greenhousegas_index_2008.html
http://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/factsheets/SAGE_prt.htm
http://asd-www.larc.nasa.gov/SOLAR/learning-aerosol.html
http://www.ozonelayer.noaa.gov/
http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/education/gases/ozone
http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/education/gases/climate
http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Home
http://oceanandair.coas.oregonstate.edu/index.cfm?fuseaction=content.displ
ay&pageID=86