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Cardiovascular System Chapter 12 The big idea • Why is the cardiovascular system important? • The cardiovascular system pumps blood which carries oxygen and removes CO2 from the tissues of the body. Parts of the System • Heart • Blood Vessels • Blood Anatomy of the Heart • • • • Located in the Thoracic Cavity The heart is a muscle (cardiac muscle) Main Function: Pump Blood The Human heart has four chambers 1. 2. 3. 4. Left Atrium Right Atrium Left Ventricle Right Ventricle Anatomy of the Heart • Atria – receiving chambers of the heart • Left receives blood from the lungs • Right receives from the body • Ventricles – sending chambers of the heart • Left sends blood to the body • Right sends blood to the lungs • Interventricular septum separates the two Anatomy of the Heart • Operation of Blood Valves • Atrioventricular (AV) valves – between the Atrium and ventricle • Tricuspid valve – right side • Bicuspid valve – left side • always open until the ventricles contract • Contraction pressure forces them to shut Anatomy of the Heart • Semilunar valves – valve leading out of ventricles • Normally closed until ventricle contraction opens it • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JA0Wb3gc4mE Anatomy of the Heart Major Blood Vessels of the Heart : • Vena Cava – carry deoxygenated blood from body to heart • enters right atrium • Aorta – delivers oxygenated blood from heart to body • exits left ventricle Anatomy of the Heart • Pulmonary Veins – delivers oxygenated blood from lungs to heart • Enters left atrium • Pulmonary Arteries – carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs • Exits right ventricle Physiology of the Heart • Heart beats 115,200 times a day • How does the heart contract (pump)? • Bundles of nerve fibers stimulate the muscle to contract • The main bundle is the SA node (this is our natural pacemaker) • Electrocardiogram (ECG) – measure the electrical activity of heart beats • Ineffective valves can cause a heart murmur. Anatomy of the Blood Vessels • Function: transport blood & contents • Types of Blood Vessels: 1. Arteries – transport blood away from heart 2. Veins – transport blood to the heart 3. Capillaries – microscopic vessels where gas exchange occurs Anatomy of the Blood Vessels • Size of vessels (large to small) • Arteries arterioles capillaries • Veins venules capillaries • Major arteries: Aorta, Pulmonary Artery • Major Vein: Vena Cava, Pulmonary Vein Anatomy of the Blood Vessels Anatomy of the Blood Vessels Physiology of the Blood Vessels • It only takes one minute for a drop of blood to go from the heart to the foot and back to the heart! • Blood moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure • Blood pressure – is the force of blood against a blood vessel wall Physiology of the Blood Vessels • Factors that affect blood pressure: (pg 236) 1. Amount of blood leaving the heart 2. Peripheral resistance – friction • • • • Size of vessels Length of vessels Obese individuals are prone to high bp For one extra pound of fat, 200 miles of blood vessels develop Evaluating Circulation • Heart Beat • Stethoscope • Pulse • Pulse points: pg. 238 • Blood Pressure • sphygmomanometer Anatomy of the Blood • Composed of 2 basic components 1. Cells (red, white, platelets) = 45% 2. Plasma (water, amino acids, vitamins, hormones, electrolytes, cellular waste) = 55% Anatomy of the Blood • Erythrocytes (red blood cells) – transport oxygen and carbon dioxide • Hemoglobin – protein that binds with gases • Iron is an important part • Oxyhemoglobin – full of O2 (bright red) • Deoxyhemoglobin – not carrying O2 (dark red) • Shape: concave discs Anatomy of the Blood • About 5 million per cubic millimeter • No nucleus…they must be made in the bone marrow • Erythropoetin (EPO) – is a hormone that increases RBC production • Anemia – condition where there are too few blood cells Anatomy of the Blood • Blood Facts • http://www.bloodcenters.org/blooddonation/facts-about-blood-donation/ • Heart Labeling Practice • http://sciencelearn.org.nz/Contexts/See-throughBody/Sci-Media/Animation/Label-the-heart Chapter Review • Pg. 252 • Study Q’s - # 1, 3, 8, 9, 11 • Objective Q’s - # 1-4, 9, 12 Sheep Heart Dissection • • • • Part 1 – External anatomy of heart https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYKhrjfkMwA Part 2 – Internal anatomy of heart https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HNxSC244Bpo