Download PROCEEDINGS National Conference On UNCCD implementation

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY
PROCEEDINGS
National Conference
On UNCCD implementation
for the period 2005-2010
Hanoi, 8-10 September 2004
1
INTRODUCTION
The National workshop on UNCCD implementation for the period 2005-2010 in
Vietnam held in Hanoi, from 8 to 10 September 2004 was a new milestone for the
implementation of UNCCD in the country. The two preceding national events were the
National Conference on Combating Desertification held in Hanoi in 2001 and National
Workshop on National Action Programme Formulation in 2002. On the basis of the themes
set by the two previous events, the Hanoi National Workshop started the process of
identifying concrete actions to promote the NAP implementation at field level.
This booklet recorded the proceedings of the National Workshop, remarks by
representatives of major ministries, affected provinces, international organizations and donor
governments, as well as the main documents presented. It is produced in the hope that it can
serve the country as a reference document for the planned activities related to the
implementation of the UNCCD.
The workshop was attended by about 65 decision-makers and experts representing
ministries, provinces, donor countries (The Royal Netherlands, Japanese) and potential donor
community as well as international organizations (Including UNCCD, UNESCAP, UNDP,
FAO, GEF, ADB, WB) and NGOs. The plenary sessions conducted were focused on the
following issues: i) Current status of desertification in Vietnam, opportunities and challenges
for UNCCD implementation in the period 2005-2010; ii) Opportunities for inter-linkage with
other Rio Conventions; Priorities areas/issues to combat desertification in the next five-year
period; The Working Group session were undertaken with discussion on the three topics: i)
Functioning of National Coordinating Body, the role of Technical Advisory Group for
assisting NCB in field actions, and the link with TPNs; ii) Capacity building for UNCCD
implementation – opportunities and difficulties; iii) Partnership, financing measures for
combating desertification – actions to be taken.
The workshop spent most of time for listening and recommending twenty three project
proposal ideas of affected provinces as well as of research institutions of related ministries
such as the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE), the Ministry of
Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD), Vietnam Union for Science and Technology
Associations (VUSTA).
Thanks to the valuable support of UNCCD Secretariat, the Royal Netherlands
Government and UNESCAP, the workshop was the chance for different stakeholders to
update the actual needs and requirement from the localities affected by land degradation,
drought and sand dune movement, which are the basis for concrete actions development and
NAP revision for the period 2005-2010.
Vice Minister of MARD
Hua Duc Nhi
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ABBREVIATIONS
UNCBD
UNFCCC
CITES
CMMS
COP
C&I
DoF
ESCAP
FAO
FC
FSSP
GEF
GOV
Ha; ha
IRRI
IUCN
NCB
M
MARD
MoA
MPI
MONRE
NAP
NGO
OP
PSC
P&C
PROFOR
RAMSAR
REFAS
RAP
SFM
SFE
SRAP
TAG
TPN
UN
UNCCD
UNDP
UNEP
US$
VND
WSSD
5MHRP
United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of
Wild Fauna and Flora
Computer Models for Management Science
Conference of Parties
Criteria and Indicators
Department of Forestry
United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia & Pacific
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Forest Certification
Forest Sector Support Programme
Global Environment Facility
Government of Vietnam
Hectare
Irrigation Research Institute
World Conservation Union
National Coordinating Board
Million
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural development
Memorandum of Agrrement
Ministry of Planning and Investment
Ministry of Natural resources and environment
National Action Programme
Non-government organization
Operational Programme
Partnership Steering Committee
Principles and Criteria
Programme on Forests
Convention on Wetland of International Importance
Especially as Waterfowl Habitat
Project on Reform of Forestry Administration System
Regional Action Programme
Sustainable Forest Management
State Forest Enterprise
Sub-regional Action Programme
Technical Assistant Group
Thematic Programme Network
United Nations
United Nations Convention to Combat desertification
United Nations Development Programme
United Nations Environment Programme
United State’s Dollar
Vietnam’s Dong
World Summit on Sustainable Development
The Five Million Hectare Reforestation Programme
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TABLE OF CONTENT
Page No.
Chairman’s Summary..........................................................................................6
Opening Session Speeches
Welcome Speech of the Government,
His Excellency Mr. Hua Duc Nhi, Vice Minister,
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development...............................................................11
Statement of United Nation Convention to Combat Desertification Secretariat
His Excellency Mr. Gregoire de Kabermaten, Deputy Secretary of the
United Nation Convention to Combat Desertification......................................................14
Statement of UNDP Hanoi Representative
Ms. Nguyen Ngoc Ly, Head of Sustainable Development Cluster.....................................17
Presentations
Status of desertification, Opportunities and challenges for
UNCCD implementation in Vietnam
Mr. Nguyen Ngoc Binh, Director General of Department of Forestry ,
Ministry of agriculture and Rural Development (MARD).................................................19
UNCCD implementation for the period 2005-2010, opportunities to
co-operate with other conventions
Mr. U Wai Lin,UNCCD Regional Coordinator for the Asia and
the Pacific Region,
Mr. Pak Sum Low, UNESCAP Environmental Expert........................................................30
Some ideas on priorities issues and areas for UNCCD implementation
in Vietnam for the period 2005-2010
Mr. Dao Xuan Hoc, Vice Rector of Water Resources University
Mr Pham Minh Thoa, Senior Officer, Department of Forestry ..........................................31
Project proposals..............................................................................................................46
Programme of Work......................................................................................................215
List of Participants.........................................................................................................217
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CHAIRMAN's SUMMARY
NATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UNCCD IMPLEMENTATION
FOR THE PERIOD 2005-2010
Hanoi, Vietnam, 8-10 September 2004
Introduction
The National Workshop on UNCCD Implementation in the period 2005-2010 was
held in Hanoi, Vietnam, from 8-10 September 2004. It represented the continuing efforts of
Vietnam in exploring the ideas to combat land degradation and mitigating the impacts of
drought in the country and updating the National Action Plan in the context of UNCCD
implementation for the period 2005-2010. More than 60 participants attended including 26
representatives from Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ministry of Science,
Technology and Environment, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, General Department on Land
Administration, Hydro Meteorological General Department, 5 from research institutes and
universities, 2 from national non-government organizations, 15 from local most affected
provinces, 10 from international organizations and projects (UNCCD, UNESCAP, FAO,
UNDP, The Embassy of Japan and the Embassy of Netherlands), and 2 from mass media. The
workshop was hosted by the Government of Vietnam represented by the Ministry of
Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) and sponsored by the Government of the Royal
Netherlands.
Opening Session
H.E Mr. Hua Duc Nhi, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Development highlighted the Government’s efforts in environmental protection in general
and in combating desertification in particular. In Vietnam environmental issue have received
great attention from the Government since 1980, as reflected by the inclusion of environment
protection in the 1980’s Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Several laws such
as the Forest Development and Protection Law, the Land Law, the Law on Water Resources,
the Law on Environment Protection adopted were important steps in the course of
environmental protection in Vietnam. Realizing the worldwide utmost importance of the
global environmental issues, Vietnam has ratified most of the international environmental
conventions, including United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC) and Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), and become the 134th member
country party of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) in 1998.
Following the two national conferences on UNCCD (?) in November 2001 and March 2002,
this event is a further initiative of Vietnam in the environmental protection process to follow
up the declaration of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD). H.E Mr. Hua
Duc Nhi on behalf of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Vietnam
expressed sincere thanks to the Royal Netherlands Government and the UNCCD Secretariat
for valuable support to the workshop and the development of the National Action
Programmes (NAP) on the implementation of UNCCD..
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Mr. Grégoire de Kalbermatten, e Deputy Executive Secretary of UNCCD, on behalf of
the UNCCD Secretariat and the Executive Secretary Mr. Hama Arba Diallo, highlighted that
the NAP formulation is the high priority of the UNCCD implementation, which supports the
country parties in addressing the issues of desertification and land degradation not only at
national level but also at regional and global levels. The workshop was informed on the
progress of implementation since the WSSD and COP-6. .UNCCD Secretariat appreciated the
efforts of Vietnam, with the MARD as the UNCCD national focal point, and pointed out that
this type of national workshop is the first in the subregion to develop projects for
implementation within the next five years. In the process it is important to ensure synergy
between the conventions on biodiversity, desertification and climate change at the national
level and encouraged Vietnam to share this valuable experience at the forthcoming meeting
on the Southeast Asian Subregional Action Programme (SEA-SRAP).
H.E Mr. Ben Zech, First Secretary of the Royal Netherlands Embassy, speaking on
behalf of the Netherlands Government, stressed the importance of combating land degradation
and mitigating the effects of drought as well as of sustainable management of water resources,
forests and land. He also hightlighted that the Dutch Government, as the active partner in
FSSP (spell out FSSP) partenership and Disasters Mitigating Partnership, would continue to
play its active role in assisting the UNCCD implementation process of Vietnam. Vietnam has
experiences on partnerships which need to be further developed initiative for the
implementation of UNCCD.
Ms. Nguyen Ngoc Ly, the Head of Sustainable Development Cluster of UNDP Hanoi,
representing UNDP, highlighted land degradation as a prevalent trend in Vietnam,
particularly in hilly and mountainous areas comprising three-quarters of the country’s total
land area. More than 3.2 million ha or 50% of the total land in the deltas are undergoing soil
degradation. She also highlighted that deforestation, over-cultivation, unsustainable-irrigation
practices, etc, are among causes for this alarming trend. That is why the Government of
Vietnam has rightly placed the fight against land degradation (the key issue related to
UNCCD implementation in Vietnam) as the highest priority action in the Strategy for
Sustainable Development in Vietnam. She also stressed some main challenges for UNCCD
implementation in the country.
Presentations at Plenary session:
In Session 2 on the “Review of implementation of the ongoing programme/projects
related to UNCCD and other environmental conventions”, the following were covered:
1) Opportunities and challenges in UNCCD implementation in Vietnam for the period
2005-2010. Mr. Nguyen Ngoc Binh, Department of Forestry, MARD. Vietnam has more
than 7 million ha of unused barren hill land and land affected by sand movement that are
most vulnerable to land degradation and desertification. There are several causes of land
degradation, sand movement and drought – the main phenomena related to desertification
in Vietnam. There are also challenges to combat desertification for the period 2005-2010.
Mr. Binh also stressed the importance to undertake several measures for UNCCD
implementation for the next five-year period.
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2) Opportunities for interlinkages with other conventions. U Wai Lin, UNCCD Regional
Coordinating Unit for Asia and the Pacific (RCU), reviewed some of the key elements for
NAP implementation, collaboration with other related conventions, international
organizations and strengthening of partnerships, the work of the Joint Liaison Group and
the objectives of national synergy workshops, the role of science and technology and the
importance of stakeholders. Dr. Pak Sum Low, Regional Adviser on Environment and
Sustainable Development of UNESCAP, first discussed the four dimensions for
interlinkages: (1) natural linkages exist between ecosystems; (2) interactions between
human and natual environment; (3) interlinkages between environment, social and
economic development at national level; and (4) interlinakages at national, regional and
global levels.
He then highlighted the interlinkages between the multilateral
environmental agreements (MEAs), and the need and the opportunities for synergies
between them, especially UNCCD, UNFCCC and CBD. He pointed out that synergism
and coordination mechanisms between MEAs include the following areas: institutional
framework (e.g., efficient coordination between MEA focal ministries and focal points),
policy framework (e.g., better integration of environmental concerns expressed by the
MEAs into socio-economic development; promotion of optimal strategies for collective
actions and leverage implementation), reporting framework (e.g., common reporting and
information system) and capacity-building (e.g., sharing of training methods and
materials).
He emphasized that synergy between various focal areas is an important
consideration for securing funding from the Global Environment Facility (GEF).
3) Proposed priorities areas/issues for combating desertification in Vietnam in the
period 2005-2010. Prof. Dr. Dao Xuan Hoc, Vice Rector of Water Resources University,
and Ms. Pham Minh Thoa, Senior Officer, Department of Forestry, UNCCD National
Focal Point. Basic information on natural conditions, land degradation and its causes in
the four priority areas was highlighted. The National Action Program for combating
desertification for the period 2005-2010 should focus on the four areas: a) Central Coastal
Region, b) North-West Mountainous Region; c) Waterlogged sulphated (?) land
(Comment: I do not understand this. What is “sulphated” land? Do you mean “acidic”
land?) in Mekong delta and Long Xuyen quadrangle (Comment: In the hard copy of the
presentation, it is referred as Long Xuyen tetragon); and d) Central Highlands. Eight
specific measures were also recommended to achieve the planned objectives.
In Session 3 on “Development of multipurpose project proposals for 2005-2010”,
twenty three project proposals/concepts were presented for development and implementation
within the next five years to combat desertification (please refer to attached Annex I on
project proposals). It has been suggested that that many of these project proposals/concepts
addressing various issues within the same geographical region could be integrated into a
larger umbrella project proposal.
Working Group Sessions
The participants actively participated in three working groups on the following topics:
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a. Topic 1: Operational framework for National Coordinating Body (NCB)
The working group discussed the NCB operational plan, the need for a Technical
Advisory Group (TAG), the tentative list of TAG members, operational framework of the
TAG, the main roles of TAG and its linkages with the national focal points of five TPNs
under the UNCCD (i.e., TPN1, TPN2, TPN3, TPN5 and TPN6) to assist NCB in field
activities.
b. Topic 2: Capacity-building for UNCCD implementation for the period 2005-2010
The group discussed the following issues related to capacity-building: opportunities and
difficulties; key issues to be taken into consideration for the period 2005-2010; and follow up
activities for the period 2005-2010, among others.
c. Topic 3: Partnership and financing measures for combating desertification for the
period 2005-2010 in Vietnam
The group discussed the following aspects: the importance of partnerships, the key
partners; the sources of funding, including the possibility of establishing a National Fund to
Combat Desertification; opportunities and challenges; and the actions to be taken.
Follow up activities
The participants agreed on the follow up activities as below:
•
Proceedings to be compiled on the National Workshop on UNCCD implementation,
50 English and 100 Vietnamese copies to be completed by the end of October 2004;
•
NAP updating/revising and submission to the Government in early 2005;
•
Submission of Operational Plan of National Coordinating Body in October 2004;
•
Establishment of Technical Advisory Group (TAG) for NCB activities;
•
Collaborating with MONRE in implementing the Project funded by the GEF on
capacity-building assessment for the implementation of the three Rio conventions;
•
Set upWeb page for UNCCD within the framework of FSSP Web page.
•
Mobilization of TAG members for developing project proposals for the period 20052010 focusing on the four priority areas and the following issues:
-Survey and basic inventory for updating data;
-Model establishment for desertification combating;
-Training and information sharing;
-Extension.
•
Set up logical framework (matrix) for implementation, organize round table
consultation meeting with potential donors.
Outputs of the national workshop
The outputs of the national workshop are:
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I. Elaboration of the key contents of the Draft of Action Plan for 2005-2010:
•
Current status of desertification in Vietnam reviewed;
•
Priority areas identified;
•
Priority issues discussed for setting up specific programmes for the Action Plan;
•
Implementation arrangement discussed, including interlinkages with other related
conventions discussed, functioning of the NCB and partnership arrangements;
•
Project proposals/cocepts presented, discussed and recommended.
II. Proceedings of National Workshop (including compiling, editing, design, layout and
printing, 50 English copies and 100 Vietnamese copies to be completed by the end of
October 2004).
III. Chairman’s summary: (Both Vietnamese and English versions)
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WELCOME SPEECH
NATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UNCCD IMPLEMENTATION
FOR THE PERIOD 2005-2010
Hanoi, 8-10 September 2004
H.E Mr. Hua Duc Nhi, Vice Minister
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
Chairman of the National Coordinating Committee for UNCCD
H.E Mr. Gregoire de Kalbermatten, Deputy Executive Secretary of UNCCD
Representatives of the international organizations,
Representatives of Government’s and non-government organizations,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
On behalf of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development – National Focal
Agency for UNCCD, I cordially welcome all of you to the National Workshop on UNCCD
Implementation for the period 2005-2010.
As we all know very well that environment protection is not only a special concern of
each country but also an issue of all continents. In Vietnam this issue has received great
attention of the Government since 80’. This was also addressed in the 1980’s Constitution of
the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The Law on Environment Protection, the Law on Forest
Development and Protection, the Land Law, the Law on Water Resources as well as several
National Action Programmes related to Environment and Sustainable Development adopted
and implemented during the last 20 years were the important following efforts towards the
environment protection objectives of Vietnam.
The importance of environment protection at national and global level is specifically
emphasized since Vietnam becomes the 134th country member party of UNCCD in 1998 and
also a member party of the other eight international conventions related to environment
protection during the last 10 years, among which there are also the two most related to
UNCCD – that is UNFCCC and UNCBD.
In Vietnam local desertification does happen, there are millions ha of treeless or
barren land distributed all over the country and more than 400,000 ha of moving sand dunes
along the coast of Central Vietnam. It is noted that every year desertification causes about 20
ha of agricultural land loss due to sand dune moving, and hundreds thousand ha of barren land
are continuously degraded because of erosion, salination, acidulation and drought.
According to recent inventory, in Vietnam there are 7 million ha of unused barren land
that had been already degraded or being degraded. Even the in-use land has also been more or
less suffering with degradation, losing its production capacity. There are about 2 million ha of
seriously degraded land distributed in all parts of the country, but mainly located in the
mountainous Northern part and Central Coastal region of Vietnam. Beside land degradation
the deforestation is also a big problem. In 1943, the forest cover made up 43 percent of the
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country territory, but in 1995 it had reduced to only 28.2 percent and up to now though a lot
of efforts has been put, the forest cover is only percent.
Deforestation in Vietnam is the main reason for desertification, worsening the
ecological environment, causing frequent flooding and drought. Thanks to our great efforts
given to reforestation and forest conservation through several programmes/projects such as
327 Programme and 5 Million Hectare Reforestation Programme, the forest cover has been
increasing significantly since 1995, but this is still not enough to meet the socio-economic
development requirement of local people, to provide watershed protection service, and to
mitigate actively the desertification process. The pollution of water resources is also
accelerating, putting the irrigation sector under great challenges of water shortage both in
quantity and in quality in the near future.
During the last 10 years, drought has been ranging over many regions because of the
dramatic change of climate. The 6-month lasting drought in 1998 due to El nino phenomenon
heavily damaged agricultural and forestry production in many places, especially in the Central
Coastal region and Central Highland of Vietnam.
Based on the situation, the main efforts made by the Vietnamese Government should
focus on achieving the following objectives:
•
To prevent deforestation, promote sustainable forest management in the Northern
Mountainous and Central Highland areas
•
To rehabilitate degraded land in mountainous and prevent salination and acidulation in
coastal areas
•
To fix sand dune movement along the Central Coastal areas by afforestation and
suitable cultivation methods application.
•
To strengthen water resource management, especially in semi-arid and arid Central
Region areas.
•
To set up early warning system and mitigate the drought impacts in rural mountainous
areas.
•
Within the principles of National Action Plan for 2005-2010, all the above initiatives
should be linked together with the poverty alleviation through multi-disciplinary
programmes/projects with specific solutions through active participation of local affected
communities.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
The development of project proposals of National Action Plan for the period 20052010 as well as the functioning of National Coordination Body are the following initiatives to
address our continued and consistent efforts to implement UNCCD and thus contribute to the
active environment protection and sustainable development activities for the next 5 years at
national and local level.
This National workshop is also our concrete initiative to follow up the declaration of
the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg in 2002 and to comply our
commitment to the COP6 organized in La Havana Cuba in 2003.
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Taking this opportunity, I would like to express our sincere thanks to the UNCCD
Secretariat, the international organizations, governments, and the international nongovernment organization for their valuable contribution to our environmental protection and
sustainable development activities, to the Government of Royal Netherlands, the UNCCD
Secretariat, the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
(UNESCAP) for financial and technical support to this important event.
I declare the Workshop open and wish the Workshop a great success.
Thank you for your attention.
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STATEMENT
NATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UNCCD IMPLEMENTATION
FOR THE PERIOD 2005-2010
Hanoi, 8-10 September 2004
H.E Mr. Gregoire De Kalbermatten, Deputy Executive Secretaryy
UNCCD Secretariat
H.E. Mr. Hua Duc Nhi, Vice-Minister, MARD
Mr. Nguyen Ngoc Binh, Director General
Honorable Representative from the Government of the Netherlands
UNDP, Ladies & Gentlement
It is indeed my pleasure to visit Vietnam for the first time and also to be with you in
Hanoi for the National Workshop on UNCCD Implementation for 2005-2010. First and
foremost, I would like to thank the Government of Vietnam, in particular the Ministry of
Agriculture and Rural Development for the excellent arrangements undertaken for the
orgnization and to the Government of the Netherlands for the continuing strong support
provided to parties in UNCCD implementation. Allow me also to express on behalf of the
Secretariat of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), and on
behalf of Executive Secretary Hama Arba Diallo, our appreciation for representation at this
important event.
Substantial activities related to the Convention have been undertaken since the
organization of the national workshop on Vietnam's National Action Programme to combat
Desertification held in March 2002 Permit me to touch on some of the major developments
which impacts on the implementation of the convention.
The objectives of the Convention has captured and captivated a global constituency.
One hundred and ninety one parties attest to this effect, Vietnam being the one hundred and
thirty-fourth country to accede to this unique convention which addresses the issue identified
by the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) as one of the major global
environmental and sustainable development challenges of the 21st century.
Bearing in mind the core objectives of the convention, it was most appropriate that the
WSSD also affirmed the UNCCD as a tool to address poverty, an important factor toward
achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) This aspect is especially important for
Vietnam, which has, according to the World Bank, within a span of a decade from 1993-2002,
successfully reduced 58% of the population living in poverty to 29 %. It is indeed a
remarkable success story demonstrating a rapid but pro-poor economic growth. A major
element contributing to this achievement has been policies addressing land issues, especially
since poverty is major factor leading to land degradation.
In promoting increased agricultural production and exploitation of forest resources,
long-term sustainable land-use must always be at the forefront for policy and decision
makers. However, I am pleased to note that these aspects have already been incorporated into
13
Vietnam's national report on UNCCD implementation. I recall that the report focuses its
concern on the permanent and seasonal arid areas, seriously eroded and barren lands of the
North and Central Vietnam, the shifting sands and landslides of the Central coastline,
waterlogging and salinization of the Mekong Delta and Long Xuyen quadrangle, among
others. I have no doubt that extensive consultations have been undertaken with all levels of
stakeholders in the preparation of the action programme.
Distinguished delegates may recall that the Sixth Conference of the Parties (COP-6)
held in Havana in September 2003. welcomed the decision of the second GEF Assembly in
designating sustainable land management as an additional focal area for GEF assistance and
in this regard, the Chief Executive Officer of the GEF re-affirmed its strong commitment to
the UNCCD implementation. In the process of formulating project activities under the
national action programme, you may wish to keep in mind that under the GEF operational
programme 15 (OP 15) on sustainable land management, eligible activities for financing
include, among others, capacity building; sustainable agriculture; sustainable rangeland and
pasture management, forest and woodland management and targeted research on policy and
partnerships.
Bearing in mind the inextricable linkages between desertification, global climate
change and loss of biodiversity, the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation also calls for the
three Rio conventions, namely, UNCCD, Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to explore and enhance
synergies. At the secretariat level, this is already operational and being undertaken by the
Joint Liaison Group (JLG). A joint work programmes for the period of 2001-2005 has been
developed between the secretariats of the UNCCD and the CBD. Among the joint activities,
UNCCD and UNFCCC organized an international workshop on promoting synergies in forest
ecosystems this past April. Furthermore, in response to the call by COP-6 on the need for
developing strong synergy and partnerships allow me to cite selected examples of this at the
subregional level which would be the initiative undertaken by the Asian Development Bank
(ADB) together with UNESCAP, UNEP and UNCCD and the governments of China, Japan,
Korea and Mongolia, which brought about the successful realisation of the regional technical
assistance project on the prevention and control of dust and sandstorms in Northeast Asia.
At the regional level, two proven examples of synergy and partnership can be cited
between the secretariats of UNCCD and UNESCAP. The Asian Annex of the convention was
drafted under the roof of UNESCAP in 1994, when it brought together countries of the Asia
and Pacific and then in 2000, an MOU was negotiated between the two secretariats to
establish the Asia-Regional Coordinating Unit of the convention secretariat to promote
synergy with agencies and international organizations and to assist and advise countries in the
implementation of the convention at the regional, subregional and national levels. You may
also recall that the second Asian Ministerial Conference for UNCCD country parties
convened in June 2003 in Abu Dhabi reviewed sub-regional and regional cooperation in view
of the emerging opportunities of the GEF.
Most of the countries of Southeast Asia have completed the national action
programmes, however, Vietnam is the first in this subregion to have this type of national
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consultation activity to develop projects for implementation within the next five year. As
Asian countries undertake the process of implementing their national action programmes
through activities which would include, among others, integration into national development
and poverty reduction strategies, and putting into place the imperative linkages and
synergistic implementation of the Rio conventions, it is my sincere hope that Vietnam will
also share this valuable experience with fellow Southeast Asian parties at the forthcoming
meeting on the Southeast Asian Subregional Action Programme (SEA-SRAP) that will be
organized in November 2004 in Myanmar.
The secretariat - and this includes the Asia RCU- stands ready to assist within the
terms of its mandate that includes policy advocacy, the facilitation of priority implementation
processes and support to monitoring and assessment. We are glad to pursue activities in these
areas in a context of growing cooperation with the Global Mechanism and its Facilitation
Committee.
I note that you have before you, a rather demanding agenda which will no doubt focus
your attention to the priorities and the proposed projects. May I conclude by assuring you that
the UNCCD Secretariat looks toward further coherence within Vietnam's partnership with all
significant actors- in the bilateral donors community or in the GEF family- that recognize the
value of mainstreaming NAP policies and poverty reduction strategies. Coherence is here the
key word.
Thank you
15
STATEMENT
NATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UNCCD IMPLEMENTATION
FOR THE PERIOD 2005-2010
Hanoi, 8-10 September 2004
Ms. Nguyen Ngoc Ly
Head of Sustainable Development Cluster
United Nations Development Program Hanoi
Mr. Hua Duc Nhi, Vice Minister, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
Mr. Bregoire de Kalbermatten, Deputy Executive Secretary of UNCCD
Mr. Nguyen Ngoc Binh, Director General, Department of Forestry, MARD
Mr. , Royal Netherlands Embassy
Ladies and Gentlemen:
It is my great pleasure to speak on behalf of the United Nations Development Program
at this important workshop to discuss opportunities and challenges in implementing the UN
Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) in Viet Nam.
We may know that 47% of the land on the planet is dry land where 1.2 billion people
reside and many of them are inflicted with poverty. Desertification, drought and poverty
create a scenario of misery and insecurity across the dry lands of Africa and Asia. According
to the UN Secretariat for the UNCCD, 250 million people have already been harmed by
desertification and another 750 million are at risk.
Desertification as defined by UNCCD is “ land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry
sub-humid areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human
activities”. I have learned from the recently approved Oriented Strategy for Sustainable
Development (commonly known as Viet Nam Agenda 21) that land degradation is a prevalent
trend in Viet Nam, particularly in hilly and mountainous areas where three-quarter of the
country’s land is located. More than 3.2 million hectares or 50% of the total land in the deltas
are suffering from soil degradation. This figure is as high as 13 million hectares accounting
for 60% of land in hilly and mountainous regions. Deforestation, over-cultivation, illirrigation practices etc, are among causes for this alarming trend. That’s why the Government
of Viet Nam has rightly placed fighting against land degradation as one of the highest priority
actions in the Strategy for sustainable development in Viet Nam.
And that is also the reason why the UNCCD – the internationally recognized legally
binding instrument that addresses the problem of land degradation - plays a key role in
poverty eradication and achieving sustainable development. The Convention enjoys a truly
universal membership of 191 parties and as of July this year, more than 60 National Action
Plans have been under implementation. Let us take this opportunity to congratulate the
Government of Viet Nam on your significant step toward proactive implementation of the
UNCCD in Viet Nam with the approval of the Strategy for Sustainable Development and the
16
establishment of the National Coordination Committee for UNCCD Implementation, headed
by Vice Minister Hua Duc Nhi.
In thinking of UNCCD implementation in Viet Nam, let me share with you a couple of
potential challenges:
Firstly, combating desertification requires an integrated approach that builds upon the
three inter-linked drivers: economic, environmental and social. In other words, agro-forestry
and soil conservation in dry land would not be possible if rural agricultural development is
not linked with water resources management, mitigating climate change and conserving
biodiversity. And in this process, poverty reduction based on participation of local
communities would be both the ultimate goal and means. This is based on a fundamental
principle of Sustainable Development, which the newly approved Viet Nam Agenda 21 has
clearly stated. It is important that the UNCCD implementation be an integral part of this
overarching policy framework.
Secondly, forming strategic partnerships among institutions and involvement of local
stakeholders will be essential for the successful implementation of the UNCCD. We are
pleased to note representation of different ministries in the Coordinating Committee, at this
workshop and interests shown in the diversity of proposed project concepts.
Thirdly, approaching perspective funding mechanisms for UNCCD implementation.
This workshop is at a right time as the UNCCD has celebrated a decade of its adoption in
1994 with many renewed commitments and a new financial mechanism through the Global
Environment Fund (GEF). Therefore, it is crucial for the Coordinating Committee to liaise
closely with the GEF National Steering Committee, headed by MONRE to consolidate
national priorities for GEF funding.
Finally, with the newly established Coordinating Committee, the National Action Plan
needs to be updated to reflect the latest thinking and priorities of the country and to guide
more specific actions toward the Convention implementation.
UNDP is pleased to be part of this initiative and we are committed to support the
Government in implementing the UNCCD that will play a key role in eradicating poverty,
achieving sustainable development and reaching the Millennium Development Goals in Viet
Nam.
I wish you good health and a successful workshop.
17
STATUS OF DESERTIFICATION
OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR
UNCCD IMPLEMENTATION IN VIETNAM
Mr. Nguyen Ngoc Binh
Director General, Department of Forestry
Vice Chairman of the National Coordinating Committee for UNCCD
1. Status of desertification in Viet Nam
The process of desertification and land degradation are the causes of soil erosion,
laterization, drought, sand movement, soil salination and acidulation, which result in the four
following types of land:
•
Degraded land affected seriously by soil erosion and laterization in steep land of the
North and Central region.
•
Land affected by sand movement and land skip along the Central Coastal areas.
•
Water logging land affected by salination and acidulation in Cuu Long River Delta.
•
Land affected by drought in dry season or permanently in different places, especially in
South –central and Central Highland.
Vietnam has local desertification. Among 9.34 million ha of degraded land, the land area
affected by desertification is about 7,550,000 ha (Table 1).
Table 1: Total land area suffered by desertification
Type of land
Area
Degraded barren land, including
laterized land
7,000,000 ha
Place
Whole country
Effected by sand dune moving
400,000 ha
Central coastal provinces
Effected by soil erosion and rocky
120,000 ha
North-west, Central Highland and
some other places
30,000 ha
Cuu Long River Delta (Long Xuyen
area)
300,000 ha
South-central (Binh Thuan, Ninh
Thuan and South of Khanh Hoa)
Effected
by
acidulation
salination
Land affected by drought
and
Source: Forest Science Institute of Vietnam, 1999
The main phenomena of desertification process in Vietnam are:
-
Drought
- Land degradation, including soil erosion, soil laterization, soil salination, soil acidulation,
deforestation, and
-
Sand movement
18
a. Status:
Drought:
With a special geographic locality and monsoon, together with the differentiation of
temperature and rain, the drought in Vietnam appears complicated. In general, it takes place
very frequently. Drought can occur even in the rainy season or form a chain of successive
events. In the same period of time, in one area can be flood whereas in the other can be
drought. Depending on the locality and intensity, droughts can cause crop failure both locally
and regionally, which led to significant drop in agricultural output.
As anywhere in the world, the weather in Vietnam is a part of the global weather
system. The global climate change appeared as El Nino and La Nina has strongly affected the
weather in many places of the world, including Vietnam. The global weather change on the
other hand, is also differentiated complexly, depending on many factors that are still poorly
understood. The complex change of global weather has lead to an increasing of extremism of
Vietnam’s weather. Weather change can cause variable consequences including two most
important facts: 1) an increasing in intensity of rain and flood, which makes the lowland
regions such as Cuu Long River Delta and other region more vulnerable to flooding; and 2)
an increasing of drought. The droughts taken place in a long period of time seriously effects
the society in large regions. The shortage of water is not only effected agriculture but also
other economic sectors and society as well. This can be seen by the widespread drought in
1998, which had led to serious consequences to the society both socio-economically and
environmentally, especially in the mountainous areas.
The climate change makes impacts on further several changes, such as evaporation
increases, humidity reduces, air temperature raises and thus impacts on human beings, on all
economic sectors and environment. The following ecological zones of Vietnam suffer with
drought to different extent and scale.
• In the Northern mountainous and upland area: There is average forest cover of 15 45% and there have been many water conservation projects, but due to slope topography,
most of existing water conservation projects are small-scale, so in the years of little rain, they
hardly help to mitigate the effects of drought.
• In the North-central coastal areas: Due to the topography with high slope complicatedly
divided by hills/mountains and narrow deltas, the climatic conditions in the region are the
most acute on the country. The average forest cover is only 20-30%, the ability of water
keeping and circulating is too low to enable water conservation projects help land watering
that make agriculture production very difficult. This is considered as a focus area to combat
desertification by afforesting watershed areas and building water conservation systems for
irrigation and preventing saline water.
• In the Central Highland. This is the largest basaltic land of Vietnam. Its feature is easy to
absorb water, with abundant ground water. Acute climate in the years 1993 and 1998 shown
the serious imbalance between the development of coffee trees with huge watering demand
and the limitation of water reservoirs and water conservation projects in the region.
19
• In the Mekong River Delta: The climate change and hydrological system of the Mekong
River partly depend on rainy regime in the whole basin of other countries, not lying in this
delta. Because of drought and low water level of Mekong river, the water was Salinized with
4% salinity in Vinh Gia - Tri Ton (An Giang), Vung Liem, Tra On (Vinh Long), Long Vi, Vi
Thanh (Can Tho), etc. Therefore, the salination deeply affected inland area from 50 to 120km
of the sea coast.
Land degradation:
The terrain is steep and complicated that easily causes land skip and erosion. The most
serious erosion occurs in the location with 1,000-2,000 m above sea level that causes land
skip, and in some places even land crack due to heavy tropical rain. Because of erosion a
large quantity of nutrient such as organic substances, nitrogen, potassium, calcium,
magnesium together with microorganisms has been lost. The soil is gradually losing its
capacity of keeping water and became harder and harder.
Many studies have shown that during dry season the soil in barren land has moisture
three times lower than that of forested land. In some places the ground temperature can grow
up as high as 50 - 60oC at noon in summer time. The physic-mechanical features of soil such
as friability, compactness, water permeability, content of nutrients, quantity of
microorganisms were significantly reduced, the soil becomes hard, dry, compacted and not
suitable for growing crops. Global warming rises up the sea water level and causes strong sea
waves that make the sea water easily attack inland area.
Investigations showed that the physical and mechanical characteristics of millions ha
of deforested barren land have been changed that led to serious erosion and laterization. This
kind of soil completely lost its agriculture production capacity.
Together with climate change in recent years, soil salination has become more serious.
According to preliminary assessment made by the Hydro-Meteorological General
Department, the sea water level in Vietnam raises 2mm per year in average. It was reported
that in 1999, in provinces Ben Tre, Tra Vinh, Tien Giang and Ca Mau , 100,000 ha of
agricultural land were salinized. During dry years, especially 1993 and 1998, fresh water
coming from Mekong river to Ca Mau peninsula through Hau river was very low. About one
thirds of Ca Mau peninsula has been salinized with a salinity higher than 4%, which is not
suitable for rice production.
In 2001, just at the beginning of rainy season, many provinces in Mekong River Delta
have been affected by salination, the same situation occurred with central part that caused
serious impact on fresh water source for the people's living.
Vietnam has acidulation-affected land, especially in Mekong River Delta, where there
are two main acidulation affected land categories: potential acidulation land and active
acidulation land. In both cases, the importance is to ensure alum-generating horizon (Jarosite
horizon) that is not oxidized through vegetative cover to ensure water keeping and thus
limiting strong acidulation process.
20
Regarding function of forest, Melaleuca forests have great effect in preventing
acidulation. However, in Vietnam, during the period 1985 - 1987, in many places of Cuu
Long River Delta, the people destroyed Melaneuca forests for agricultural production. After
some years, the land was acidulation affected and lay fallow, became seriously acidulated
land that cultivation can not be carried out. Recently, especially during the period 1993 1994, the people destroyed a lot of mangrove forests by making ponds for shrimps
production that also created conditions for destroying potentially acidulated horizon moving
to the surface layer and being oxidized, making various types of crop and aquatic organism
affected with alum and died.
Sand movement:
The sand coastal areas are not stable. There are about 400,000 ha from Quang Binh to
Binh Thuan still affected by sand dune moving. The sand dunes’ area with 10 to 20m above
sea level (some even with 40-50m) forms about 42% of the total 400,000 ha sand area.
During the last 33 years, the desertification process has occurred relatively
complicated. Every year, there is a loss of 50 - 100 ha of agricultural land caused by sand
movement. In Quang Tri, there is about 20-30 ha of field and fruit garden annually covered
by sand layer with the thickness of 2m.
The causes of sand movement are mainly natural. The climate in areas is very arid due
the hot South-west wind (Lao’s Wind), low rainfall and high evaporation. In some places,
such as Bac Binh and Tuy Phong of Binh Thuan province, the rainfall is usually 500 700mm/ year. The lowest rainfall is only 250 mm/year and the highest is 850 mm/year in the
areas. The amount of water evaporated every year is twice more than the rainfall, while the
temperature in open air during dry season is normally 35 - 42oC and in sand dune 65oC. Laos
wind during dry season often blows twice or three times per day with the strong force of 4-5
degree. This wind causes the sand very dry and hot that makes sand easily moving and flying
by both Laos wind and the sea wind. However, in rainy season, when the rainfall is suddenly
higher, the water flows and takes the dry sand moving and thus attacking canals, lakes, fields
and gardens.
b. Causes
Besides the natural causes made by climate change as described above, there are
several causes made by human beings, such as:
-
High population and poverty
-
Inappropriate cultivating technique
-
Deforestation
-
Inadopted legal framework, limited institutional and management capacity
-
Lack of adequate knowledge and awareness of local population.
Population growth:
21
The population grows quickly that led to lack of arable land and insufficiency of
products to meet local demands and creates income for rural people. The average income of
rural mountainous people is under USD 100/year. This is the main reason of unsustainable
land use and natural resource management. People have to destroy forests and do slash and
burn to meet the demand of land for cultivating, fuel wood and forest products for living. The
average population density in Vietnam is about 200 persons/km2 with 500 persons/km2 of
arable land. The situation is more serious in river delta areas that have average1,000
people/km2. This causes the migration from river delta areas to upland areas to set up new
economic zones and thus also the land uses change. A lot of forests and forestland became to
arable land and residential land. The fuel wood demand had been increased that annually 21
tons of fuel wood are needed. It is estimated that about 90% of energy demand come from
fuel wood and agricultural waste. It is the main reason of deforestation. If this figure has been
compared, the total forest land used for fuel wood demand is 6 times higher than the forest
area harvested for commercial purpose (The World Bank, 1995).
Unsuitable cultivating technique
There is still nomadic cultivating in rural mountainous areas. It is also another reason
of deforestation, forest fire, and barren land. In addition, the overuse of chemical and
poisonous also led to soil degradation.
Deforestation
Before 1945, the total area of forests was 14.3 million ha distributed relatively evenly
in the whole country.
The forest cover in 1995 was only 28.2 %. So during the last 50 years, there had been
a loss of 5 million ha of forests and that had happened continuously in the whole country with
different scale. According to the latest statistics reported in 31 December 1999 by the
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, the forest resources are increased up to 33.2
%.
The quality of most forests resources has been reduced and turned to the poor forests
with the volume under 80m3/ha. The natural forests are mainly located in Central Highland,
South-east and Central Region, among which only 9% is classified as the rich (with volume
above 150 m3/ha), 33 % as medium ( the volume 80-150 m3/ha) and 58% as the poor (the
volume under 80 m3/ha).
Besides the common reasons led to land degradation, the causes of deforestation can
be highlighted as follows:
Forest fires: Forest fires destroyed forests in many places of the country. There are 5
million ha of forests assumed as endangered by fire at anytime of the year. Among 10 million
ha of existing forests, 5.6 million ha can be attacked by fire in dry season. There are about
20,000- 30,000 ha of forest destroyed by fire every year (Government, 1994). The most
sensitive areas are Central Highland and Mekong River delta in dry season (Government,
1994). In dry season of 1997-1998, due to dry and hot climate there were 1,681 of forest fires
in the whole country, which caused the loss of 19,819 ha, among which there were 6,293 ha
of natural forests, 7,999 ha of plantation, 494 ha of bamboo forests and 5,123 ha of grass and
bushes areas. The drought in 1976 and 1983 caused fire in 43,000 ha of Melaleuca Forest in
22
Ca Mau. In 1980, there were 28,000 ha of pine forests in Quang Ninh and Lam Dong caught
fire thus stopped the running of all pine resin production mills in the two provinces (Forest
Protection Department, 1999). The fired forests were often young regenerating forests,
plantation of 3- 5 age, savanna and bushes.
Unsustainable and illegal harvesting: The forest harvesting period is generally short
and not followed by suitable silviculture treatment activities. Further more, the harvesting
activities often made roads for people to go into forests to develop farms and change
forestland to arable land. The uncontrolled harvesting for long time period conducted by State
Forest Enterprises and others in long time period had caused the loss of 3.5 million m3 of
timber per year. In addition, there was still about 30-50% of timber volume harvested by
illegal cutting and thus resulted in the loss of 80,000 ha of forests annually (Ministry of
Forestry, 1991). The illegal cutting was not limited only in production forests but also
extended to protection and special use forests.
Wars: in the last two wars, mainly in the war against America, bombs and especially
the chemicals destroyed a lot of forests and ecosystems in Truong Son Range and Southwest
region. It was estimated that about 13 million tons of poisonous chemicals had been used
during the war in South Vietnam. Many forest areas in the region had been effected by 72
million litters of grass destroying chemicals. There were about 4.5 million ha of forests
destroyed by these effects (The World Bank, 1995).
Infrastructure development: The establishment of new construction systems also led
to forest loss. It was estimated that annually there were about 30,000 ha of forests lost due to
reservoir building (The World Bank, 1995). The construction for electricity supply and
transport with large scale is also the cause of forest loss.
Unsuitable management of waste gathering places and mining: Thousands ha of
mining places and waste gathering areas cause serious deforestation, make negative impact on
environment and lead to land degradation.
Unsuitable legal framework, institutional and management capacity
Beside the great achievement of renovation policy, there are still, however, many
problems and constraints caused by the economic changes.
The legal framework in general is still not synchronous, not feasible in many places
and sectors, therefore still can not mobilize local resources and people in natural resources
management. There is still lack of benefit-sharing to encourage people in be actively involved
in all activities.
Land allocation process though has started but still too slow due to the lack of land use
planning, forestry development plans and other legal documents related to institutional,
financial and technical aspects.
Capacity of management, planning, policy making, information management and
M&E are still far from the requirement of renovation process. The management skill, the
long-term planning, the policy making, the information access capability and the monitoring
23
and evaluation capacity of staff are still too limited to meet the requirement of innovation
process.
Combating desertification research in Vietnam is carried out in a wide variety of
institutes, including the Forest Science Institute of Vietnam, Forest Inventory and Planning
Institute, the Forestry College, National Institute for Soils and Fertilizers, Water Resources
University... and their regional or thematic subsidiaries. Although much technical pioneering
work has been done, results have either not reached implementing agencies because of
inadequate dissemination or have not been directly relevant to the needs of the related sectors.
Particularly with respect to sustainable development projects, multi-disciplinary approaches
and closer collaboration among social researchers, economists, technical specialists and
extension agents are needed. There is a lack of close collaboration between policy makers
and local actors. The integration and collaboration among related sectors, government
authority levels and programmes/projects are not close as required.
State budget only could concentrates on some activities. The Government could
control only projects implemented by units of the State; while the activities carried out also
by farmers or private sector enterprises fall outside this framework even though they clearly
contribute to the fulfillment of the objective to the programme. In addition, a lot of support is
often provided from not only one ministry but also from other sectors, provinces, local
households
The capacity of many agencies of provincial, district, especially commune level in
sustainable land use management is still very limited that could not meet the requirement of
development. Though there was much improvement but there are still contradictions and
uncommon approaches in some legal documents. There is somewhere still top-down
planning. Most of local staff lack of information, communication technique and adequate
training.
The knowledge not only of local authorities but also of some levels of Government
local authorities on the role of sustainable management of resources in environment
protection and poverty reduction is still limited. The natural resources are still facing with
many risks due to illegal logging, unsustainable cultivation techniques, uncontrollable
migration, forest fires, excessive harvesting of water, etc. The knowledge of Government
authorities, from central to local levels on the key role of local people and implementing units
in resources protection and development is also inadequate.
Lack of adequate knowledge and awareness of local population
It is also the key reason leading to the land degradation. Due to the lack of adequate
knowledge, the local people were involved in illegal logging, unsuitable farming, lacked of
enthusiasm in environment protection, focused on short-term not long-term benefit and thus is
not only the reason leading to environment degradation but also the reason for increasing the
population growth and poverty.
2. Opportunities
24
Though the constraints, there are several opportunities for UNCCD implementation in
our country.
Since 1989, Vietnam has been in the process of transition from centrally planning
economy to market-driven one and has achieved significant progress in socio- economic
development, poverty alleviation, and environment protection. A number of inter-disciplinary
programmes/projects has been intensively implemented since 1990.
The Government considers that poverty reduction, closely linked with sustainable
development, is a key priority for all activities. Two of the major ongoing Government
programmes are closely related to environment protection such as the 5MHRP and the
National Socio-economic Development Programme in the poorest communes (Programme
135).
There is a large labour force in Vietnam. The people living in rural areas are hardworking and have a rich traditional knowledge and experience from field activities. The
Government institutions have gradually recognised the key role of local people living in rural
areas in poverty reduction and sustainable development processes. Local people are aware of
the role of natural resources in environmental protection and in improvement of living
conditions. They also know that many existing practices are not sustainable. The Government
staff, both at the central and local levels have been educated. There is a wide network of
universities, colleges, technical schools, and research institutes spread over the entire country.
3. Some challenges
In order to implement UNCCD in Vietnam, there are several activities that need to be
discussed further as follows:
a. Adopt legal framework
There is a need to review the legal framework and adopt the new laws, policies related
to UNCCD implementation, especially the following issues:
-
Land policy to implement the new Land Law 2003
-
Law on Forest Protection and Development
-
Benefit- sharing mechanisms
-
Science and technology promotion policy
-
Investment and financial mechanisms
b. Strengthen planning, monitoring and evaluation systems
There is a need to establish a Monitoring and Evaluation Board (MEB) that functions
as a focal point for monitoring and evaluating the NAP’s programmes/projects implemented
by sectors/ministries or departments in the province, while the project management boards are
responsible for project implementation assessment and reporting to MEB. Responsibilities of
MEB should include:
25
assessing and up-dating the situation of project implementation, identifying
constraints and, in cooperation with implementing agency, recommending measures for
overcoming these constraints
enhancing the process of constraints overcoming and reporting to appropriate levels
for decisions and adjustment,
reminding and facilitating project management boards of projects under mandated
responsibilities to submit reports in time,
-
submitting reports to appropriate levels,
-
organizing evaluation missions requested by the project executive agency
establishing information data base and providing guidelines for project
management, evaluation and reporting.
c. Strengthen linkage with other conventions/programmes/ projects
NAP will be conducted by close collaboration with Government commitments and
other national strategies and priorities on poverty alleviation, natural resources management,
etc. NAP activities therefore will be embedded in, and compatible with, National Strategy on
Environment and Sustainable Development, National Action Programme on Biodiversity,
National Action Programme on Climate Change and Vietnam’s Forest Sector strategies and
instruments, etc. Activity support will be based on shared assessments of the country’s needs
and capacities.
Since NAP has multi-disciplinary character (social, economic, ecological dimensions)
and the need of close collaboration among ministries/sectors, programmes, especially the sector
related poverty reduction, NAP should have a common mechanism to ensure the full participation
of all partners. There is also as need of close cooperation between National Focal Body of
UNCCD and other national focal bodies of UNCCC, UNCBD, etc.
This also ensures to increase the efficiency of resources mobilization of sectors and
the common approach in actions based on harmonization of strategic objectives, of which the
environmental benefit of natural resource management is considered as an effective
contribution to socio-economic benefits and economic development of the country.
d. Continue to speed up the administration reform process
To ensure optimal representation of all stakeholders and beneficiaries, especially of
households and communities is very important. This requires planning, financing,
implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the representation of stakeholders at all
levels through local forums and formal Government’s decision-making bodies linked to
NAP implementation. In all planning and implementation considerations, the priority is to
provide support to the ultimate beneficiaries, defined as natural resources dependant
farmers and communities, with particular attention being paid to women. Where
institutional capacity for inclusion of immediate stakeholders representation is currently
weak the legal framework will make special efforts to address this, which will ensure that
26
specific groups such as very poor and remote communities, poor farmers, female-headed
households and women in male-headed households are enabled in their representation.
e. Promote partnership arrangement and active participation of all stakeholders
A successful sector-wide partnership provides a platform whereby Government and
donors discuss and outlined the nature of their involvement within a framework of agreed
Government’s policies, strategies and programmes over a medium-term time frame. Vice
versa Government’s policies, strategies and programmes are reviewed and updated on the
basis of lessons learnt from the implementation.
By collaborating, the partners and GOV aim to maximize effectiveness and efficiency
in the mobilization and use of all resources applied to the sector. And one of the keys to
achieve the effectiveness is greater harmonization of policies and programmes in the context
of shared objectives of NAP.
Besides the ministries and sectors at central level, there is a need to encourage the
involvement of other stakeholders such as private sector, local communities, and mass
organizations.
f. Strengthen capacity building
Priorities for capacity building of local level are given as follows:
•
Strengthen capacity in planning and land use planning;
•
Update the techniques on agro-forestry and crop selection for upland areas;
• Upgrade knowledge on roles of forests in water protection, land conservation, ecology
and environment protection;
•
Strengthen capacity in project implementation assessment.
g. Enhance communication and information channel
An effective mechanism for disseminating and sharing information, knowledge and
experiences within sector, among sectors, among countries and international
organizations/instruments is very important for implementing NAP.
The following is a general list of proposed communication tools:
•
NAP publications: will play a central role in disseminating NAP information to
partners. There will be an issue series on the thematic areas and case studies and lessons
learnt as appropriate. This can be via printed copies, electronic versions and made available
on internet, and through CD-ROM compilations.
•
NAP documentation: will describe NAP process in simple brochure or booklet format
to be distributed to partners to inform NAP implementation.
•
NAP Website: This is useful to provide up to date information on NAP
implementation, on development of new policies, lessons learnt, best practices and case
studies. NAP publications and documentation can be accessible through NAP Website.
27
•
NAP contact Databases: e-mail list and mailing database must be set up and maintained
to ensure that NAP publications reach target partners.
•
Direct contact and participation: meetings will provide opportunities to exchange ideas,
ensure accurate understanding and fostering new ideas. These could also be training and
awareness activities.
•
Feedback system: Effective forms of communication should be set up to ensure that
NAP remain innovative and responsive to meet different needs. The feedback could be on an
informal basis through e-mail or post surveys asking questions regarding the usefulness of
information.
•
Miscellaneous awareness tools: these could be cartoons, posters...
h. Strengthen international cooperation and linkage with sub-regional and regional action
programmes (SRAP & RAP) and global initiatives
NAP has to be implemented in close link with future SRAP and existing RAP. All
activities have to be taken within the regional and sub-regional initiatives to achieve joint
approach and common interests.
The continued active participation in TPNs as well as in global, regional and ASEAN
meetings/conferences is needed to ensure regular exchange of lessons learnt, experience and
information./.
28
UNCCD IMPLEMENTATION FOR THE PERIOD 2005-2010
OPPORTUNITIES TO CO-OPERATE WITH OTHER CONVENTIONS
Mr. U Wai Lin
UNCCD Secretariat-Regional Coordinator
Mr. Pak Sum Low
Regional Adviser of UNESCAP
(Power Point Presentation – is attached in separte file)
29
SOME IDEAS ON PRIORITIES ISSUES AND AREAS FOR
UNCCD IMPLEMENTATION IN VIETNAM IN THE PERIOD 2005-2010
Dr. Dao Xuan Hoc, Vice Rector of Water Resources University
Ms. Pham Minh Thoa, Senior Officer, Department of Forestry
UNCCD National Focal Point
1. PRIORITY AREAS
1.1. Central Coastal Region
From the three mentioned categories, Central Coastal Region can be seen as one of the
most sensitive area to desertification.
a.
Geographic location and topography
Total land area of the central coastal provinces is about 8,882 thousand ha, of which
about 970 thousand ha are agricultural land, nearly 3,000 thousand ha are forest land, 1,700
thousand ha are bare land, 650 thousand ha are rocky mountains, and nearly 400 thousand ha
are coastal sand dunes. The total land area of this region accounts for 26% of the whole
country, whereas arable land is only about 8%.
Total population of the region is about 11,757,270 people (as of April 1, 1999), of
which about 9,031,807 people live in rural areas. The Kinh nation lives mostly along the
coastal lowland while ethnic minorities live mainly in mountainous areas, which comprise
eastern part of the Truong Son Range.
The region has a complex topography varying greatly from the East to the West and
forming strips of sea coast, sand dunes, lowland plain, upland, and mountains.
• Coastal sand-dune area is an unstable landscape, in which sand dune moving is one of
the major causes of the desertification in the region. The total area of the sand dunes, from
Quang Binh to Binh Thuan Province, is about 400 thousand ha with many sand dunes of 1020 m high, in which those with 40 m above the sea level account for 4.2%.
• Lowland plain comprises many small valleys with a minimum height of 10 m above the
sea level. Total plain area from Ha Tinh to Binh Thuan Province is 991,000 ha, accounting for
11% natural area of the region. The largest plain area is in Binh Dinh Province (17.2%) and
the smallest is in Ninh Thuan (2.2%).
• Mountainous areas are located in 100 to 2,000 m above the sea level. About 50% of the
mountains are located in the West, along the Western part of Truong Son Range, with the
height of 2,000 m above the sea level. These mountains have Northwest-Southeast trend and
high passes such as Hai Van and Deo Ngang.
In general, topography varies greatly in the region. This strongly affects the climate
due to its influence on the monsoon regime. In winter, due to the influence of North-east
30
monsoon, the region commonly undergoes heavy rain, which leads to high rainfall and
moisture. However, the southwest monsoon commonly creates dry and hot climate during the
summer, when the moisture drops lowest in the year. The above factors, in combination with
others, have produced serious drought along the Central Coastal provinces.
b.
Hydro-meteorological conditions
Hydrological characteristics
Statistical data from 28 observatory stations in the region indicates that:
• Average rainfall in the study area is similar to that of the country average but is not evenly
distributed both in time and space.
• The years that affected seriously by drought are not the years with low average rainfall but
with lowest rainfall in the dry season.
• The rainfall in the dry season (winter-spring crop) at frequency of 75% is very low or
nearly zero in some areas (the southernmost part of the region).
• The number of continuous sunny days in the winter-spring crop by average number (to)
and average longest (to, max) vary between 5 to 25 days and in an increasing trend from north
to south (e.g., 7-25 days in Ha Tinh, 163 days in Phan Rang). Mach is the month that has
maximum to (9 to 30 days).
• The summer-spring crop has continuous sunny days (to) varying less than that of the
winter-spring crop (4-16 days) but with unclear trend, depending largely on light rains. The
tomax varies from 4 to 17 days and occurs mostly in July.
Surface water resource
The central coastal provinces have relatively dense natural drainage systems. The
density of the streams and rivers with more than 10 km in length is about 0.1 to 0.2 km/km2.
From Ha Tinh to Quang Nam Province, the density of the drainage systems is about
1.5 to 2 km/km2. In contrast, in Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan provinces, this density is only
0.1 to 0.2 km/km2.
Because of the meteorological and drainage system parameters, the output of water in
streams/rivers varies greatly within the year. During dry season, water output generally does
not meet the demand of eco-environmental development requirement.
The results of water balance calculation in three drainage systems of Ke Go Lake, Luy
River, and Thach Han River have shown that the supply of water for agriculture meets only
22 to 55% of the current demand. This problem is caused by many factors including the lack
of water reservoirs, high gradient, limited accommodation of the drainage systems.
Underground water
Under-ground water has an important role in the central coastal provinces, especially
in the coastal sand dunes areas where both the population density and economic potential are
relatively high but are also under constant threat of desertification.
31
Under-ground water concentrates more abundant in the lowland and coastal plains
where the host rocks and recharging are more favorable. However, due to the location
adjacent to the sea, the under-ground water in such areas is commonly affected by salination.
The exploitation of under-ground water is still limited. However, in many places, the
salination and unsustainable use of water resource creates high risks on the livelihood and
agriculture production.
Briefly, the meteorological parameters vary greatly in the central coastal provinces as
follows:
• The potential sunshine hours, temperature, and evaporation appear to increase southward
and from lowland to mountain areas (gradually reduced with increasing elevation). This trend
is much clearer in the winter-spring crop.
• The rainfall as well as the current of drainage systems are diversely and are governed by
the topography. Heavy rain and water current commonly take place in the mountainous areas,
which are in opposition to that the lowland and coastal plains.
•
The rainfall and current in some areas may be 10 larger than that of other areas.
• Aside the yearly variation, the meteorological parameters are also varied in different
seasons of a year. Along the central coastal provinces, rainy, dry, and flooding seasons are
timely variable. The meteorology-hydrological parameters vary greatly in different years. The
ENSO affects the meteorology greatly, maximum values of sunshine hours, atmosphere
temperature, evaporation occur in the years of El Nino (e.g., 1977, 1982, 1983, 1986, 1987,
1992, and 1998). In contrast, moisture value and rainfall are minimized in the years of El
Nino. Such parameters are on the opposition in the years of La Nina.
•
Although abundant, surface water distributes unevenly and is therefore not met the
demand for agricultural production. Underground water reserve is high with good quality.
However, in many places, it does not meet the demand.
The dry South-west monsoon
The hot and dry southwest monsoon (also called Laos’s wind) is a unique climatic
feature. This kind of wind occurs in periods from 2-3 days up to 15 days with wind force up
to scale of 5 or 6. It affects the region between Nghe An and Quang Tri Province strongly and
occasionally influence the Red River Delta and South of Central Coastal region. During the
Southwestern monsoon, the temperature may reach as high as 37 to 39OC or more whereas the
moisture may be at minimum (30-45%) and evaporation increases to maximum. The
southwestern wind may extend from 15 to 60 days, occasionally as long as 100 days per year.
Statistic data of last 10 years (1990-1999) shows that:
• In the coastal plains of Nghe An and Ha Tinh provinces, the southwestern wind occurs
average 20-30 days. In valleys, the dry and hot weather may reach 40 to 50 days per year, in
which about 15 to 20 days are very hot. Quang Binh and Quang Tri provinces have a similar
pattern.
32
• The southwest monsoon commonly takes place from March to July. During last 10 years,
1998 is the year with highest number of hot and dry days, involving in the El Nino and a
serious drought of 1997-1998.
• The southwest monsoon interrupts the rain in summer and reduces the rainfall in early dry
season in northern Trung Bo. This increases the evaporation potential, which is the major
cause of drought in the northern Trung Bo during the summer. For example, in 1998, a
drought took place in Ha Tinh Province as the resulted of 14 days of continuous southwestern
wind blow.
• The southwestern monsoon affects seriously the agricultural production and living of the
local population.
1.2. North-West Mountainous area- Da River watershed
Upstream area of Da River is the one of most poverty and underdeveloped area in
Vietnam, occupying an important location because of Hoa Binh hydropower dam. This is the
highly mountainous area of Vietnam with the height from 300 to 3,000m above the sea level
that seriously affected by soil erosion. Upstream of Da River is the home to 22 ethnic
minorities, of which Thai ethnic people and H’mong ethnic people account for 65% of the
total 1,2 million people living in towns and in more than 2000 hamlets/ villages.
Upstream of Da river has the area of 2.6 million ha, of which 2 mil ha is forestland
(gradient is over 25°). However, in accordance with the survey conducted in 1992 by the
Forest Inventory and Planning Institute, the area of forest now remains only 300,000 ha
(forest coverage is only 12%). In order to keep the ecological balance in the upstream area as
well as to protect Da River effectively from soil erosion, the target of regeneration of 1 mil ha
forest and increase of the forest coverage to 40% is of high necessity.
In the last decades, besides impacts by local people, there was many more causes to
forest degradation. However, unsustainable usage of land is defined through recognition of 2
main causes that are rural impoverishment and ineffective food production. 2 most effective
solutions to overcome this situation are to develop sustainably through pushing up food
production and improving of peasant’s income, and increase of forest coverage through
activities in natural forest regeneration, afforestation and forest management.
During the recent years, upstream of Da River has achieved promising development
steps. Land used planning and forest allocation with participation of local people have
brought about rise in agriculture production, attracted local people to participate in forest
protection and promoted regeneration of natural forest in large scale. As per statistics figure
of Son La and Lai Chau provinces, forest coverage increased from 12% to 20%, which means
that within 8 recent years, 200,000 ha of forest is newly created. It worth mentioning that of
this amount, only 20,000 ha was newly afforested (accounting for 10%), the rest 180,000 ha
was natural forest regeneration, increasing the total forest area of Da river’s upstream to
500,000 ha.
Local people are in charge of management, protection and taking care of these new
forests. Contract on forest protection is signed under the framework of forestland allocation
33
procedures and partly funded by national programmes, which has helped local inhabitants to
effectively integrate in forest management. However, local inhabitants live on forest products
and non-timber products for their basic demands, hence responsibility on forest management
in regarding to forest usage needs to be handed over to local inhabitants.
1.3. Long Xuyen quadrangle in Mekong River Delta
Long Xuyen quadrangle is located in the South-west of Vietnam, Mekong River Delta,
between the four places Chau Doc, Tan Chau, Rach Gia and Long Xuyen of Kien Giang and
An Giang Province It is the most seriously affected area by salination and acidulation with the
following characteristics:
•
The terrain is plain with 1.0-1.5 m above the sea level
• Area affected by salination and acidulation is 30,000 ha, the time under the sea water is
from August to December every year.
• The climate is affected by seasonal tropical monsoon with two different seasons (rainy
season from May to November with domination of South-west wind, dry season from
December to April with North-west monsoon). The average annual precipitation is
1500
mm.
•
Main nations are Khome and Kinh
•
Poor household account for 28%
•
Forest areas has mainly eucalyptus forest and Melaleuca species with the cover of 4.3%.
•
Main products are cassava, pineapple and rice with low crops productivity.
•
Auctions acidity pH is 5 – 5.5 in rainy season, and 2.8 - 4.0 in dry season
•
Canal system capacity used for purging acidity and washing alum is very limited.
Long Xuyen quadrangle is located in the areas often affected by flood in rainy season
and forest fire in dry season. In recent years, flood occurs very frequently, the water level in
watershed areas of Tan Chau and Chau Doc station usually reach to the third alarm level,
create a big loss (estimated hundreds billions VND every year) for local people. Due to the
high concentrated mangrove forests place, forest fires often happen underground that are very
difficult to foresee. This area is also affected seriously by unsustainable shrimp production.
As other areas affected by land degradation, Long Xuyen quadrangle has high rate of the poor
households therefore the solutions should be integrated with poverty reduction and livelihood
development.
1.4. Central Highland
The highland is an important region of the country in terms of economic, political,
social and environmental aspects. Natural forest accounts for 30% of the total area over the
country with many areas having high biodiversity value. Some big rivers, especially the
Mekong river rise from this region and half of the total timber harvesting volume annually of
the country is provided by this region. However, drought is one of the natural disasters often
happenning in the Highland, especially in Gia Lai and Dac Lac.
34
There are 3 million people living in this region, one third of it is the ethnic minorities
as Ede, Bana, Giarai...
a.
Geographic characteristics and topography
Central Highland is located in Southwest direction of Vietnam, and in both East and
West directions is South Truong Son Mountain, and is in geographic co-ordinate between
from 10o15’ to 15o25’North latitude and 107015’ to 109005’ East longitude. Total area of
whole region is 54483.9km2 belonging to Kontum, Gialai, Daklak, Daknong and LamDong
provinces.
Topography of Central Highland is complexly separated. However, the specific
characteristic is clear sub-stage. The high stage is on East; the low stage is on West. There are
three types of topography as: mountainous topography, plateau topography, and valley
topography.
Plateau topography
This is the most typical topographic type causing main land surface of Central
Highland with various topographic stage having different elevation, including:
-
High topographic stage with elevation from 100 – 300m, which is mainly in areas such as
Cheo Reo, Phu Tuc, Ea Soup, and some areas located along the Cambodia border.
-
The topographic stage with elevation from 300 – 500m mainly including areas along
Sesan River,around Kontum town, An Khe and Lak valley.
-
The topographic stage with elevation from 500 – 800m including Pleiku, Buon Ma Thuot,
Bao Loc plateaus.
-
The topographic stage with elevation from 800 – 1000m including Gia Nghia, Di Linh,
Duc Trong Plateaus.
-
The topographic stage with elevation higher than 1000m such as Da Lat Plateau.
The Plateau topographic type is advantage for agricultural and forestry development
with large scale, and is vary appropriate to perennial industrial crops such as cafe, rubber, tea.
The disadvantage of this region is water shortage during dry season, deep underground water
level, water level in rivers and streams lower than natural ground surface.
Mountainous topography
Elevation of this type defer from 1000 to 2500m, including the long high mountains
such as Ngoc Linh Mountain with 200 km length and 2598 m height, An Khe Mountain with
175 km length and 1339 m height, Vong Phu Mountain with 60km length and 2051 m height,
Tay Khanh Hoa Mountain with 2010 m height, Chuyasin Mountain with 2405m height. The
topography separated complexly causes deferent season zones in Central Highland.
The mountainous region is mainly forest, thin population mainly being ethnic
minorities, under developed infrastructure.
Valley topography
35
-
An Khe field with 15km width, 45 km length, and 400-500m height is a valley between
level and expand mountains.
-
The depression between Kontum Mountain along Krong Poko River in Nothwest and
Southeast direction.
-
Ea Soup plain is a delta denuded pretty flat with elevation from 140-300m lower to West
direction.
-
Cheo Reo-Phu Tuc depression is along north west-south east fault lengthen from Kon
Tum. Its ground surface is pretty flat, and it remains a few hills.
-
Krong Pak depression is on the south Buon Ma Thuot Plateau, is a denuded valley with
many remaining hills. The surface of these hills also is strongly weathered.
The region with valley topography type is the one of developed food grains, and
foodstuff, and has potential for developing aquatic with fresh water fishes. These areas are
collecting water ones or even are flooded areas during rainy season.
b. Hydrometeorology characteristics
Generally, Central Highland has climate regime of West Truong Son. Mainly affected
by southwest monsoon causes rainfall plenty and regularly in summer and fall. Adversity,
There is mainly not rainfall in Winter-spring season causing severe drought. Only the part of
Northeast to East Central Highland (KongPlong, An Khe, Phu Tuc, M’Drak, Da Lat…) has
southwest and northeast monsoon regime, there is rainfall letter and more lengthen, but the
volume of rainfall is less, and dry season is al severe.
Average temperature is 21.8 to 23.7oC trending to increase from South to North and
from high to low. Amplitude of temperature is high, sometime reach 15oC.
Rain is trend to increase from low land to high land. Because of monsoon’ effect, the
distribution of rain by space is rather complex. In the mountain side received the wind, annual
rainfall increases significantly from 2,600 to 2,800mm. Conversely, in the valleys sheltered
from the wind, annual rainfall reduces significantly leave 1,100 to 1,200mm. Rainy season
from May to October occupies 85 to 90% total annual rainfall. Average rainy day annually is
130 to 150 days. Dry season from November to April next year only occupies over 10% total
annual rainfall.
Humidity of Central Highland varies with season. The prevalent Southwest wind
period (May to October) is the period with high humidity (from 87 to 90%). The prevalent
Northeast wind (November to April next year) is the drought period with low humidity (74 to
81%).
Annual evaporation of Central Highland has rather high; its average value is over
1,000m. The highest annual evaporation is in Cheo Reo with 1,738mm.
The variation of flow annually depends completely on rainy regime and the regulate
ability of the basin. Similar to the distribution and variation of annual rainfall, annual flow is
also classified into two distinct seasons flood and drought season and different variations
between river basins.
36
(Source: KC.08.05)
Figure 1. Contour Map of Annual Rainfall of Central Highland
The North Central Highland Region belongs to Se San River Basin: Se San River
Basin has the highest flow module in Central Highland. Annual Mavarage is around 58.2 l/s/km2
(calculated by area unit F = 100 km2). During flood season, from July to November (5
months), has total flow volume occupies 71.2% total annual flow volume (Wannual). Three
months have the highest flow volume occupies 18.4% Wannual. The monthly average flow
module in the highest month is around 85 l/s/km2. Drought season, from December to June (7
months) has total annual flow volume occupies 28.9% Wannual. Three months have the lowest,
from February to April, only reach 8.7% Wannual. April has the lowest flow volume occupies
37
2.63% Wannual. The monthly average flow module in the lowest month is 12.1 l/s/lm2. The
monthly discharge in highest month is 7 times higher than that one in lowest month. Variation
Coefficient of annual discharge in the basin (Cv) is from 0.20 to 0.22. Ratio between the
highest annual discharge and the lowest one (K = Qannual max / Qannual min) is from 1.9 to 2.2.
(Sources: KC.08.05)
Figure 2: Chart of distribution of Se San River Basin’ flow module (l/s/km2)
Middle Region of Central Highland belongs to Xrepoc Basin: This region has the medium
rainfall therefore the flow is also medium. Mavarage annual = 41.3 l/s/km2 (calculated by area unit
F = 100 km2). During flood season, from August to December (5 months) occupies 70.4%
Wannual. The flow volume during three continuous months (IX – XII) occupies 18,5% Wannual. .
The monthly average flow module in the highest month is about 58,1 l/s/km2. During drought
season, from January to July (7months), the average total flow volume occupies 29,6%
Wannual. The average total flow volume during 3 lowest months (February-April) occupies
7,29% Wannual. The lowest flow occupies 2,2 Wannual is in Match. The lowest flow module is
only 6,7l/s/m2. The highest monthly average flow volume is much more 9 times the lowest
one. Variation Coefficient (Cv) of annual discharge is from 0,30 to 0,40. Ratio between
maximum annual discharge and minimum one is from 2,8 to 5,1.
The region of South Central Highland belongs to Dong Nai River Basin: Rainfall of
this region is quite low (approximately the north region of Se San River Basin), and quite
high central rainfall in Dak Nong – Bao Loc causes quite high flow, Mavarage annual =
50.2l/s/km2 (calculated by area unit F = 100km2). During flood season, from July to
November (like north region of Central Highland, and finishing one month earlier than
Middle Region of The Central Highland), the total flow volume occupies 77.0% annual
volume. This is the region that the ratio between volume of flood flow and annual flow
volume is the highest in whole Central Highland because the control of Dong Nai River
38
Basin’ surface is worse than the others. The three continuous months having maximum
average flow (August – October) occupies 55.2% total annual flow volume. The flow volume
in October occupies 19.2% total annual volume. The highest monthly average flow module is
100l/s/km2, 12 times higher than the lowest monthly average flow module. During drought
season from December to June (7months), the total flow volume only occupies 23% annual
flow volume. During 3 continuous months having lowest flow (January – Match), the flow
volume only occupies 5.63 annual flow volume. The lowest flow volume in Match occupies
1.55 annual flow volume. The lowest monthly average flow module is only 8.1l/s/km2. Ratio
between maximum annual discharge and minimum one is from 2.2 to 3.4.
The eastern region belong to Ba River Basin in between East and West Truong Son
Mountain: This region has many different characteristics with other regions of Central
Highland. Because of topographic effect, the rainfall is reduced, so as the result of that its
flow is lowest in comparison with the others. Average annual flow module is 37.6l/s/km2
(calculated by area unit F = 100km2). Even though rainy season begin from May like the other
regions, rainfall during May and June is not high causing quite low runoff. Therefore, flood
season occurs later and shorter than the others, from September to December. This period, Ba
River Basin is also quite much affected by high rainstorm and tropical low atmosphere
occurring Middle-Central Part Region. Thus, flood flow concentrates higher than the others,
however flood session is only 4 months causing the flood flow volume estimated 71.1%
annual flow volume. The flow volume of 3 continuous months (October – December) having
highest flow occupies 61.8 % annual flow volume. The highest monthly flood flow in
November occupies 25.3% annual flow volume. The highest monthly average flood flow
module is 69.6l/s/km2. The maximum monthly average discharge is 12 times higher than
minimum one. Drought season lasts very long from January to August (8 months), but total
flow volume occupies only 28.9% annual flow volume. The flow volume of 3 continuous
months (February – April) having minimum flow occupies 6.01% annual flow volume. Flow
volume during the month having lowest flow (Match) occupies 1.88% annual flow volume.
The lowest monthly average flow module is only 5.2l/s/km2. Variation Coefficient (Cv) of
annual discharge of Basin is from 0,35 to 0,45. Ratio between maximum annual discharge and
minimum one is from 3.6 to 7.1.
Because the geological condition and development opportunities are still difficult, this
region is a one of the poorest. Annually, people are undernourished about 3-5 months. Their
life bases on hunting, picking, cutting timber. However, the limitation of cutting timber
affects quite much to their living. In addition, free migration also affect to the living of
Central Highland’ People. Population grows too fast and not follows planning affects to living
resources, shortage of natural resources as forest, land, and even water resources. It is only the
important role of Central Highland for management of riverhead region, protection of land
and forest resources remaining pretty fertility, therefore, Government considers this region as
a priority one for activities of combating land degradation and desertification.
2. PRIORITY ISSUES
2.1. Survey and assessment of affected areas (2005-2007)
39
a. Activities:
Set up agenda for survey; Conduct survey and data collection; Organize consultation
workshops; identify necessary activities to combat desertification.
b. Results estimated:
•
Detailed agenda for survey is set up
•
The affected areas are visited and assessed
•
Reports of survey are produced
•
Several project proposals are developed
•
Information network and mapping system of affected areas are set up.
2.2. Strengthen legal framework on natural resources sustainable management (20052010)
a. Activities:
Set up a common strategy on natural resources management of land, water and forests;
Adopt Law on Forest Protection and Development, Land Law and Law on Water Resources;
Review and adopt existing policies; establish mechanisms for resources management and
utilization, especially for land, water and forests; set up monitoring and evaluation network on
desertification process; build up criteria, indicators and methodologies for assessment of land
degradation, water pollution and sustainable forest management; strengthen knowledge of
localities in resources management; elaborate solutions to protect resources; set up enabling
mechanisms on tax, credit, price, training, education, information transfer in the areas
achieving good success on natural resource management.
b. Results estimated:
• A transparent legal framework on natural resources management and environment
protection is set up
• A common policy system on land, water and forests management is developed and
effectively applied.
•
A system of solutions on resources management is set up and applied.
•
Knowledge of localities is enhanced; capacity for M&E is strengthened.
•
M&E organizations on resources assessment in different regions is set up and enhanced.
2.3. Strengthen international cooperation, information exchange, training and education
(2005-2010)
a. Activities:
•
Intensively participate in forum related to desertification combating and sustainable
development process at regional and global level; promote partnership arrangement with
international organizations, research institutions of the countries in the region to seek
financial and technical support for UNCCD implementation in Vietnam and for collaboration
40
with other focal points of CCC, CBD, RAMSAR, CITES...; participate in international
cooperation initiatives at regional and global level on combating desertification; strengthen
training and education for staff and workers in environmental protection activities through
international cooperation.
•
Set up information system which is updated time by time; Organize information
exchange network on environment and resources from local to central level among
ministries/sectors based on advanced information technology; apply remote sensing and GIS
in resources and environment assessment; build up and use socialization approach in
information consulting and collecting; establish legal framework for data gathering and use
on resources and environment.
•
Develop environment education programme for all types of schools; compile
education documents on environment; conduct training courses for environment experts;
develop training and education programmes on environment for teachers; set up information
supplying programme for environment education; conduct M&E on environment education;
set up education models on environment and make plans for extension.
•
Build up Education Centre for environment and sustainable resource management; set
up training programme for local farmers and ethnic minorities; set up communication channel
through mass media; organize network for training, education and knowledge transfer to local
mass organizations and non-government organizations.
b. Respected Result
• Regional cooperation in assessment of desertification process such as land degradation,
deforestation, salination, acidulation and water pollution is strengthened.
• Technology transfer through consultation, technical assistance and loans from developed
countries and international organizations is enhanced.
•
Information and experience exchange among countries and regions is improved.
• Education programme on environment is set up for all types of schools from primary
school, secondary school, high school, technical school, college and university.
•
Several education documents on environment are used at country level.
• An information system on experience on environment education among good teachers is
set up.
• 60-70 % of total experts, management staff of the government agencies from local to
central level are trained on environment and resource management.
•
Workshops for different stakeholders are regularly held.
•
Education Centre for environment and sustainable resource management is et up.
• An information network on environment and resources is set up for policy and decision
makers
41
• Capacity on RS and GIS, GPS... is strengthened and effectively used for resource
management and environment protection.
•
Socialization programme in information consulting and collecting is set up.
2.4.
Mobilize, Look for fund resources, Building the implemental projects NAP (20032020)
a.
Activities:
• Building the implemental projects NAP. Building fund planning and mobilize fund for
implementing programs/projects belong to NAP. Building guideline for using the fund and
policies for fund management. Researching feasibilities to establish the desertificationcombating Fund.
b.
Respected Result
•
NAP implemental projects for each period will be built.
•
Based on programs/projects, fund planning and mobilization will be set up.
•
The mechanisms of fund management and guideline for using fund will be researched
and will be built.
•
The feasibilities for the establishing the desertification-combating Fund will be
researched.
2.5.
Develop advanced science and technology based on traditional knowledge
promotion (2005-2010)
a. Activities
Set up science and technology development strategy on resource and environment
management within modernization and industrialization framework of the country; establish
and implement research programmes/projects on drought control, water resource protection,
land and forests management, biodiversity conservation; Build up a research institute on
environment and a centre on resource and environment management technology.
b. Respected Result
• A research and technology transfer on resources and environment management strategy is
build up.
• A research institute on environment and a centre on resource and environment
management technology are set up to support effectively to projects/programmes
implementation at local level.
•
2.6.
Efficient research models are applied and extended for each priority area.
Protect forests and increase green cover (2005-2010)
a. Activities:
42
Continue to implement 5 Million Hectare Reforestation programme; Set up plantations
for sand dune fixation; Protect mangrove forests; Promote of agro-forestry-fishery ecological
solutions; Implement projects within FSSP to protect watershed forests, conserve
biodiversity, increase forest cover, develop key commercial forests linked with processing
and consumption activities; Develop agro-forestry in suitable areas to improve livelihood,
ensure food security and meet the fuel demand of local people; set up green areas in urban
and industrial zones; plant trees along roads.
b. Respected Result
• Forest cover will be 43% in the year 2010 to contribute to erosion prevention, sand
fixation and watershed protection.
• Production forests will reach 2 million ha which links with processing and marketing
strategy.
• Livelihood of local population in forest areas will be improved through income generation
opportunities by commercial forests and processing industry development.
•
The average green cover per capita in urban and industrial areas will reach 15-20 m2
•
Trees will be planted along 6000 km of national roads.
2.7.
Improve water resources, limit impacts of drought and disasters (2005-2010)
a. Activities:
Protect watershed forests, protection forests and irrigation systems, maintain water
sources in dry season; set up irrigation systems and reservoirs to keep water in rainy season
and provide water in dry season; Develop production plans suitable with water potential and
other natural conditions in each area; Organize and operate effectively irrigation network;
rehabilitate water resource in most affected areas; Set up irrigation and drainage systems;
protect mangrove forests; Limit unsuitable shrimp production to protect environment.
b. Respected Result
•
A stable production in the areas affected by drought is ensured.
• Sustainable production methodologies are introduced and applied to ensure long-term
production.
•
Impacts of drought is limited
• Acidulation and salination are reduced in Central Coastal and Long Xuyen Tetragon
areas.
•
An early warning system for disaster forecast is set up.
2.8.
Sustainable livelihood development and poverty alleviation (2005-2010)
a. Activities:
Set up and adopt legal framework to meet the demand of local people and encourage
active participation of population in the poor areas in resource management activities;
Establish projects for improvement of livelihood of local people in remote areas affected by
43
land degradation, deforestation, especially in forest areas; Research on solutions to link
resources management with poverty reduction, especially the financing and technical options.
b. Respected Result
•
The livelihood of people in affected areas is improved
•
Advanced technologies on resources sustainable management linked with poverty
alleviation are introduced and applied.
•
Credit policy for poverty reduction is studied and applied.
•
Participation of local population in sustainable resource management linked with
livelihood improvement is promoted.
44
PROJECT PROPOSALS
SUMMARY
45
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FUNDING PROPOSAL VN-04-BT1
A.
COUNTRY
Vietnam
B.
PROJECT
Afforestation to prevent sand dune moving and land degradation in arid area in Tuy
Phong and Bac Binh districts, Binh Thuan province, Vietnam.
C.
PROJECT SUMMARY
The project will support three key objectives:
D.
-
Stabilizing effectively moving sand dunes in project area with the natural area of
35,000 ha by planting 5,000 ha of forest with suitable species that have planted
successfully in practice such as: Casuarina, drought-withstand Xoan and Acacia sp...
to improve environment, keep water resource and make the climate equable.
-
Life of thousands of local people who are living in the key moving sand area and its
neighbouring of Tuy Phong and Bac Binh districts will be kept sustainable
contributing to agro-forestry-fishing development.
-
Forest products from the newly established plantation will be provided for fertilizer,
biological pesticide, food manufacturing to ensure the project’s financial objective and
increase income for participating households.
-
A green corridor will be built up to protect water surface of Bau Trang (in Hoa Thang
commune) where resistance forces in anti-French and US wars had been sheltered and
protected. In addition, the clean water resource for hundreds of households living in
this area will be maintained.
-
Oriented developing agro-forestry model in the whole area to make many short-term
(ground nut, green bean, melon’s seed, vegetable...) and long-term agricultural
products (Peanut, mango, grape, and other fruit trees)
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE SUMMARY
The proposed grant would finance to set up 150 ha of plantations and 150 ha of agroforestry models. The project has 2 components: (a) set up planations for sand dune
fixation; (b) develop agro-forestry models for livelihood improvement and sustainable
development.
E.
AMOUNT OF GRANT REQUESTED
US$ 1,194,050 USD
46
Afforestation to prevent sand dune moving and land degradation in arid area of
Tuy Phong and Bac Binh Districts, Binh Thuan Province, Viet Nam
Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Binh Thuan
I.
PROJECT GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1
Project title: Afforestation to prevent sand dune moving and land degradation in arid
area in Tuy Phong and Bac Binh districts, Binh Thuan province, Vietnam.
1.2.
Project Area: Tuy Phong and Bac Binh districts, Binh Thuan province.
1.3
Sector: Agriculture and Rural Development
1.4
Executing agency: Binh Thuan Provincial People’s Committee
1.5
Implementing agency:
Name: Department of Agriculture and Rural Development
Address: 17 Thu Khoa Huan, Phan Thiet city, Binh Thuan province.
Tel: 062. 822837 - Fax: 062.825725
Email: [email protected]
1.6
Total estimated budget: 18,865,990,000 VND equivalent to 1,194,050 USD
(exchange rate: 15,800 VND/USD)
1.7
Type of project: ODA Grant
1.8
Proposed time frame: from October 2004 till December 2007.
1.9
Proposed foreign fund resource and reason:
The United Nation Convention on combating desertification (UNCCD) has been
considered as one of the three most important conventions of the United Nation on
environment aiming at preventing land degradation, diminishing natural disasters such as
flood and drought, and managing natural resources in a sustainable way. Binh Thuan has
been considered as one of the most dry provinces of the country with many difficulties in
socio-economic development. The coastal sandy area (mostly concentrate in moving sand
dunes) is still of big amount that mainly locates in Tuy Phong and Bac Binh districts. The
province’s severe climate condition has been the main reason for not only sand moving but
also land degradation and rapid desertification.
During five years, from 1999 to 2004, the province has participated in the 5 million ha
reforestation program of the Government and has planted nearly 10,000 ha of new plantation.
However, these plantations established mostly in the areas planned for partial protection with
quite favorable weather condition due to the limited supporting budget from the Government
(2,500,000 – 4,000,000 VND/ha/1 planting year and 3 tending years). The province still has
to face many difficulties in socio-economic development process, therefore it can not provide
budget for planting forest to prevent sand moving in such severe climate condition areas as
Tuy Phong and Bac Binh districts, and to achieve expected result from plantation, a huge
amount of budget must be invested.
Therefore, due to these above urgent matters, Binh Thuan province urgently asked
international donors to consider a Grant to help the province planting forest to prevent sand
moving in 2 districts - Tuy Phong and Bac Binh to lessen the danger of land degradation and
47
desertification and contribute to the improvement of local environment and people living
condition.
II.
2.1
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Project justification
Binh Thuan province locates in the southern central coastal area. Potential agricultural
production including sugar canes, melons, grapes, paper pulp ... However, the consequence of
El Nino that causes land degradation and desertification has seriously influenced its
agricultural production and local people livings. Binh Thuan has complex climate and
hydrological system. Especially, Bac Binh and Tuy Phong districts are semi-arid and
considered as the driest area of the country with the average rainfall less than 1.000 mm/year,
moisture index of <0,6. The drainage system are commonly short, steep and dried out in dry
season. In some communes as Chi Cong, Lien Huong, Binh Thanh (Tuy Phong district) and
Hoa Thang, Hong Phong (Bac Binh district) average rainfall observed in several years is only
528,6 - 629,8 mm/year, highest 800 mm, and lowest 200 - 250 mm per year, moisture index
of <55% (according to data of Southern Central Climate Center, 1996). These natural factors
often threat and lead to the desertification process of a density populated coastal area.
The province has more than 100.000 ha of sandy soil along 192 km coastal line, Bac
Binh and Tuy Phong districts have more than 35.000 ha of coastal fallow and degraded land
and moving sand dunes. This area extends along 50 km of coastal line, with about 5.000 ha of
only moving sand dunes. In dry season (from December to April), sand storm with strong
wind (with speed >16m/s, sometimes reaches 25m/s) usually threat to burry villages, farming
land, roads in large areas up to tens of thousands ha making desertified inside land and is
threatening the Highway No 1A (in Chi Cong commune, Tuy Phong district) and
desertification seems to be unavoidable disaster unless effective actions and measures be
taken immediately in coming years.
In order to diminish the consequence of severe climate condition, re-green the
environment to make a favorable living area for creatures, thanks to the value assistance from
forestry scientists and with investment from provincial budget, the Provincial People
Committee has been actively in proposing technical methods to stop sand moving. Projects
and infrastructure works in agricultural and forestry sector and afforestation programs to
increase the protection forest area for prevention of sand moving, land degradation and
salination have been given priority.
Since 1986, Binh Thuan has planted 120 ha of Casuarina in moving sandy area in Chi
Cong commune, Tuy Phong district. After undergoing many severe dry seasons, the
plantation has been developed well. Although the area is very small, initial result shows that
partial sand moving has been stabilized effectively. Technical measures and experiences
learnt from actual activities have been proved their effectiveness in preventing sand moving
in arid area. The current problem that Binh Thuan has to confront in its effort to stabilize all
5,000 ha of sand moving in Bac Binh and Tuy Phong arid area is investment for afforestation.
Bac Binh and Tuy Phong districts have a total 266,524 ha of natural area accounting
for 1/3 total natural area of Binh Thuan province. They have a population of 230,000 people.
These districts have great economic potentiality, especially agricultural and industrial crops
such as ground nuts, cottons, sugar canes, grapes, melons, peanuts, paper pulp ... cattle
rearing and tourism. However, the monsoon system, northern-eastern wind is the strongest,
has created low and high, successive and combined moving sand dunes that are threatening to
cover and destroy everything, seriously affect on local production, and are going to change a
productive-potential, density populated area into a poor, desertified area with even lifecontrary factors.
48
Therefore, the protection forest plantation in extreme arid and dry area of Tuy Phong
and Bac Binh and effective stabilization of 5,000 ha of unstable sand dunes in the whole area
have become an urgent and crucial need of local authorities and people.
2.2.
Project objectives
-
Stabilizing effectively moving sand dunes in project area with the natural area of
35,000 ha by planting 5,000 ha of forest with suitable species that have planted
successfully in practice such as: Casuarina, drought-withstand Xoan and Acacia sp...
to improve environment, keep water resource and make the climate equable.
-
Life of thousands of local people who are living in the key moving sand area and its
neighbouring of Tuy Phong and Bac Binh districts will be kept sustainable
contributing to agro-forestry-fishing development.
-
Forest products from the newly established plantation will be provided for fertilizer,
biological pesticide, food manufacturing to ensure the project’s financial objective and
increase income for participating households.
-
A green corridor will be built up to protect water surface of Bau Trang (in Hoa Thang
commune) where resistance forces in anti-French and US wars had been sheltered and
protected. In addition, the clean water resource for hundreds of households living in
this area will be maintained.
-
Oriented developing agro-forestry model in the whole area to make many short-term
(ground nut, green bean, melon’s seed, vegetable...) and long-term agricultural
products (Peanut, mango, grape, and other fruit trees)
2.3 Scientific basis and project site selection
2.3.1 Scientific basis
Between 1986 and 1987, in Tuy Phong district, Professor Lam Cong Dinh has
succeeded in experimentally planting Casuarina forest to attack the aridest moving sand
dunes in the country. Now, the forest is over 17 years old and has become a big and green
timber forest that helps to stop sand moving, transform a year-round dry and hot area to
moisture and creature-favorable and new living area.
Since 1981, the research of introducing Xoan (Vietnamese name for Neem) species by
Prof. Lam Cong Dinh has been successful. Some Xoan’s mother seeds have been imported
from Senegan and planted in 12 ha of poor and arid land of Hoa Phu commune, Tuy Phong
district. Xoan plantation has created a new source of benefit, helped to re-green the area and
become a good place for birds. Initially, the plantation has provided Xoan’s mother seeds for
the 5 million ha reforestation program of the province.
In fact, in Binh Thuan province thanks to the support of the Forest Science Institute,
Tuy Phong Forest Enterprise has planted 25 ha of mixed Casuarina, Acacia auriculiformis and
Muong hoa vang along lines laid in the model in the selected site in Dong Lap, Chi Cong
commune.
2.3.2 Site selection
49
a- In Tuy Phong district: 100 ha of Chi Cong and Binh Thanh communes is selected to
participate in the project that will be directly implemented by Tuy Phong Forest
Enterprise.
b- In Bac Binh district: 200 ha of Hoa Thang and Hong Phong communes is selected to
participate in the Project that will be directly implemented by Le Hong Phong
Protection Forest Management Board..
2.3.3 Components
Plantation model to prevent sand moving: This model will be carried out in 100 ha of
Bac Binh district and 50 ha of Tuy Phong district. The executing units will apply the
successful result of the afforestation for prevention of sand moving program guided by Prof.
Lam Cong Dinh to plant Casuarina when implementing the project.
The model is shown below:
hướng gió chính
(3)
(2)
E
(1)
G
D
F
C
B
A
Notes:
A: Sea, beach
B: sand-bank and Casuarina forest planted nearby (protection, shade creation)
C: Seasonal moving sand dunes (depending on wind direction)
E: Sand moves and covers above
G: Sand moves and collapses beneath
(1), (2), (3): Casuarina forest planted to stabilize moving sand dunes – planted in
succession from the sea.
D: Stable sandy area that needs to be improved for agricultural production.
F: Inside area, houses, roads
Agro-forestry model: implemented in 100 ha of Bac Binh district and 50 ha of Tuy
Phong district.
50
The model are shown belows (see Table 1 and 2)
Casuarina is the main species selected to plant mixed with appropriate Acacia sp
(Acacia hybric and drought-withstand Acacia) in humid area with enough rain; and mixed
with drought-withstand Xoan in arid area.
Short-term agricultural seasonal crops (ground nut, green nut...) together with
perennial crops (grapes, mangoes, peanuts...) and cattle grazing (cow, goal, lamp...)
2.3.4. Major technical solutions
For Casuarina:
-
Seedlings must be produced in qualified tubes (15x20 cm), tube’s mixed material must
follow technical requirements, seedling must satisfy technical requirements before
planting in term of roots, drought-withstanding ability, especially the roots must have
plenty of protein-keeping microbacteria. Seedling’s height must reach 1 -1,2 m.
-
Carrying out in situ irrigation: put 1 – 2 kg of humus (Straw or Casuarina’s leaves) at
the bottom of 0,8-1,2 m deep when digging holes the 1st time. This layer will absorb
part of meteoric water provided during rainy season and maintain it longer into dry
season, creating necessary moisture for the tree to be planted. In practice, this simple
solution had played a decisive role in forest plantation in dry area.
-
The buried part of the tree is from 0,5-0,6m in the sand, the remaining part of the tree
above the ground is the same. This helps the tree’s root contact with the moisture at
depth and protect the tree from strong wind blow.
-
Keep the root undamaged and remove the tube when planting tree.
-
Cover the planting area with fallen Casuarina leaves to make a blanket to stop sand
moving, reduce water evaporation, keep rain-water, supply humus for the soil.
Planting mixed with Rau Muong Bien (Vietnamese name) to prevent sand moving.
With above technologies, the forest has proved its ability to resist drought, step by
step stabilize directly partial sand moving. A solution for forest plantation in unstable sand
dunes has been created.
For other species:
Besides Casuarina, in order to support the forest established in dry and arid unstable
sandy area, the drought-withstand neem and Acacia sp can also be planted. Xoan is a new
species to be planted and has shown the most clearly its adaption. The drought-withstand
neem with the scientific name of Azadirachta india a.juss is an ever-green tree which has both
environment and economic importance. In the severe weather condition of hot and dry season
of Tuy Phong, the plantation established in 1999 still grows well and provide qualified seeds
in term of germination ability.
Three kinds of drought-withstand Acacia with Australian origin namely Acacia
torulosa, Acacia tumida and Acacia difficilis planted in Tuy Phong have shown their
preeminence in drought withstanding and growing speed in sandy area.
2.4. Estimated project budget
Item
Activity
Quantity
Cost
Time
Total
(per month)
(month)
US$
51
A. Grant
1. Consultant
1.1 International
Land use planning
Fee
Other
M&E
transport:
Per diem
Translation1
Fee
Other
Sub-total
1.2 National
Land use planning
$400/
day
$400/
day
transport:
Per diem
Translation2
Fee
Plantation
transport:
Per diem
Fee
Agro-forestry
transport:
Per diem
Fee
$50/
day
$50/
day
$50/
day
transport:
Per diem
Irrigation
Fee
$50/
day
transport:
Per diem
Training on technology
transfer
Fee
$50/
day
transport:
Per diem
M&E
Fee
$50/
day
transport:
Per diem
Sub-total
2. Material (incl.
Equipment)
300ha
3. Resettlement
300ha
4. Other
1
12000
8
96000
1
1
1
1
5000
3000
2000
12000
3
3
3
3
15000
9000
6000
36000
1
1
1
5000
3000
2000
3
3
3
15000
9000
6000
192000
2
1500
3
9000
2
2
2
500
2000
1500
5
3
14
5000
12000
42000
2
2
2
500
2000
1500
20
5
12
20000
20000
36000
2
2
500
2000
10
5
10000
20000
1
1500
2
3000
1
1
500
2000
4
2
2000
4000
2
1500
4
12000
2
2
500
2000
6
4
6000
16000
2
1500
4
12000
2
2
500
2000
6
4
6000
16000
251000
1575
472500
90000
Workshop
Training
10000
8
Total A
80000
1085500
B. Local contribution
1. Project officer
2. Fuel
3. Electricity
4
750
24
400
24
108550
72000
2950
19200
52
4. Repair and
maintenance
300
24
14400
Total B
Total A+B
108550
1194050
2.5. Project’s operational plan
2.5.1. Time frame:
-
Preparing the Term of Reference: 9/2004
-
Selecting consultants: 10/2004
-
Mobilizing consultants: 11/2004
-
Implementing: 1/2005 – 10/2007
-
Project’s final report: 12/2007.
2.5.2. Project Implementation Plan:
No
1
2
3
4
Item
Seedling production
Plantation
Forest tending
Agricultural crop planting
Unit
ha
ha
ha
2005
Model
Model
1
2
150
150
150
150
150
150
2006
Model
Model
1
2
150
150
2007
Model
Model
1
2
150
150
III. ANALYSIS OF PROJECT BENEFITS
3.1 Economic benefits
This project aims at combating desertification and preventing land degradation
therefore its initial evaluation of financial effectiveness could not be done specifically.
However, when forest has been fixed, sand moving has been stopped, the Casuarina forest
will create a landscape for tourism. By that time, based on actual situation, local authorities
will invite investors for tourism.
In addition, financial benefit can be gained when people harvest products (Flowers,
Fruits, Leaves) from these drought-withstand species (Xoan and Acacia sp).
On the other hand, some forestry tree species with high drought-withstand capacity
will be created from project’s plantation. These species will be studied and evaluated by Seed
Center.
3.2 Social benefits
Many daily and seasonal jobs will be created by the Project for farm households in
participating area, therefore these families will have rather significant extra income.
Casuarina forest plantation will protect agricultural cultivated areas inside, create
benefit from short-term intensive crops combined with cattle rearing, mixed plantation with
other fuelwood. In addition, local socio-economic condition will have the benefit of more
favorable biology, soil, climate and hydrology from forest plantation in sandy, hot and dry
area. Large areas of hot and dry sand dunes and surrounding desertified lands will be
transformed to a more favorable environment for human beings, and agricultural production.
53
These conditions will create favorable conditions for industrialization and modernization
plans in the future.
Project’s plantation will be a periodic on-site source of forest products for local
people’s demand, especially the drought-withstand Xoan with high and various economic
value will provide material for medicine industry, fertilizer and pesticide production...
Ecological tourism will have great benefit from the unique natural landscapes with evergreen forests, fresh air.
In conclusion, the great benefits of the project are not only the positive ecological
effects of the forest on the unstable sandy area but also the benefit for the socio-economy,
tourism, and culture and supplies, including on-site source of forest products, pharmaceutical
materials, plant and animals, water reserves, cultivation soil and resettlement of local
population.
3.3. Environmental benefits
Living environment is a decisive factor for a healthy life of people. Nowadays, the
demographic explosion together with the massive industrial development that discards
thousands of poisonous chemical wastes into the environment have caused serious
environmental pollution. Deforestation is another reason of environmental degradation. The
consequence of deforestation is desertification process with barren lands and hills, huge white
sandy areas. Therefore, the environmental benefit of forest plantation to combat
desertification is very significant and are shown below:
-
Creating a green blanket to cover all barren land, stabilizing moving sand dunes,
maintaining moistures of the soil and improving climate condition for a huge area.
-
Preventing and protecting from storm, drought, flood... providing water, refining the
air, reducing the noise and industrial dust, absorbing carbonic and protecting ozone
layer.
-
Regulating natural moisture and temperature regime, diminishing surface evaporation,
improving exhausted land, increasing land use capacity and making favorable
conditions for cultivation and grazing in arid area.
-
Forest plantation in sandy area to combat desertification
ecological circle
-
Forest
improved land
protecting forest.
-
In addition, forest can be used for ecological tourism, biodiversity improvement.
nutrient for trees
will create a closed
benefit for people
planting and
3.4. The sustainability of Project
After the finalization of Project in 2007, we will have to conduct the following steps:
-
Step 1: Because the plantations are established to combat desertification, a long-term
management and protection plan should be elaborated to protect them from any
negative factors.
-
Step 2: Plantation model and technical planting procedures should be expanded to
continue planting and developing forest in order to re-green the remaining fallow
areas in the region in following years.
54
-
Step 3: After the forest has been established, they can be used for eco-tourism
purposes.
-
Step 4: Fruit of drought-withstand Xoan will be used for breeding and business
(building biological and micro-organism fertilizer manufacturers,..)
55
SUMMARY
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FUNDING PROPOSAL VN-04-NT
A.
COUNTRY
Vietnam
B.
PROJECT
Afforestation to oppose desertification and degradation of land in semi-dry area of
Ninh Thuan province, Vietnam.
C.
PROJECT SUMMARY
The project will support three key objectives: (a) To solve timely locomotive sandy
land and desertification condition, to prevent the process of degenerated land in the
project area; (b) To establish and restore forest ecosystem in locomotive sandy land
and degenerated land, especially in threat sites of desertification in the coastal project
area; (c) To deal with work problem and improve the living condition of local
communities and to stabilize local inhabitant.
D.
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE SUMMARY
The proposed grant would finance to set up 300 ha of combinative forest-agriculture
model, to stop 100 ha of locomotive sand and 200 ha of degenerating soil. The project
has 4 components: (a) choose a new site to afforest and build a farming system of
combinative agriculture and forestry model; (b) afforest 300 ha of combinative agroforest model; (c) demonstrate the model to improve living condition of communities;
and (d) plan and manage all activities of the project.
E.
AMOUNT OF GRANT REQUESTED
US$ 1,834,820
56
Afforestation Project to oppose desertification and degradation of land
in semi-dry area of Ninh Thuan Province
Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Ninh Thuan
I.
PROJECT GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1
Project title: Afforesting Project to oppose desertification and degradation of land in
semi-dry area of Ninh Thuan Province
1.2.
Project Area: Phuoc Dinh, An Hai and Phuoc Hai communes, Ninh Phuoc District.
Nhon Hai, Phuong Hai and Tri Hai Communes, Ninh Hai District
1.3
Sector: Agriculture and Rural Development
1.4
Executing agency: Ninh Thuan Provincial People’s Committee
1.5
Implementing agency:
Name: Department of Agriculture and Rural Development
Address: 134 of 21/8 Street, Phuoc My Ward, Phan Rang-Thap Cham Town, Ninh
Thuan Province.
1.6
Total estimated budget:
In Vietnamese Dong :
28,990,156,000 VND
In US Dollars :
1,834,820 USD
The funds are provided by ODA ( in US Dollars )
1,834,820 USD.
1.7
Type of project: ODA Grant
1.8
Proposed time frame: from October 2004 till December 2007.
II.
2.1
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Project justification
•
Because of the damage of the war and the destruction of human for a long time, almost
of coastal forest surfaces were devastated and land is out of crop, some of sandy land
have been moving strongly to be desertification.
•
Most of cultivated land only produced one crop per year and productivity did not
stabilize. The failure of crops will proceed more and more in the future. Therefore
coastal population are in difficulties now.
•
Some of agricultural land are becoming saltwater intrusion by drought and destroyable
forest.
•
Lacking of cultivated land, the coastal labor has no job, especially in dry season, so
they may easily take a hand in deforesting.
Thus, It’s a necessity for all coastal population of Ninh Thuan province to restore forest
ecosystem. In order to have the base in developing a afforesting model which will help us to
57
avoid locomotive sandy land condition, desertification and waste land, we should build
models of afforesting against locomotive sand, combined agriculture and forestry ones on
coastal sandy land. When the project finishes, it will be helpful to solve the objectives above
and to improve the living of local communities condition of coastal semi-drought areas in
Ninh Thuan province .
2.2.
Project objectives
-
To solve timely locomotive sandy land and desertification condition; to prevent
the process of degenerated land in the project area.
To establish and to restore forest ecosystem in locomotive sandy land and
degenerated land; especially in threat sites of desertification in the coastal project
area.
To deal with work problem and to improve the living condition of local
communities by forest – agriculture combination models; to stabilize local
inhabitant.
2.3 Project components
The project has 04 components as below:
2.3.1 Land used planning
This component will focus on the issues as follows:
- Choose a new site to afforest and build a farming system of combinative agriculture
and forestry model
- Choose a new site to afforest and build a farming system of combinative agriculture
and forestry model
2.3.2 Afforestation
Will support the following sub-components:
New models of plantations
- To stop the locomotive sand: 100 ha
- Combinative forest – agriculture model: 300 ha (Included 100 ha of short - day crops
and 200 ha of long - day industrial crops)
- To stop degenerating soil: 200 ha.
Build a management mechanism for new plantations
The sub-component of improving the living condition of local communities:
-
Provide combinative agriculture - forestry models to present technological solutions in
accordance with the poor population of the project area and to guarantee food security.
-
Demonstrate the models of improving the living condition of communities in order to
reduce pressure on artificial forest and natural forest.
2.3.3 Planning and management
58
Will support:
-
Design, manage (including financial management) and monitor all activities of the
project
-
Build a mechanism to monitor and to assess artificial forest the same way as combined
agriculture - forestry systems which have just been established to supervise influences
and to provide feedback for national program.
-
Build and implement training programmes and transfer technology to increase the
outcomes of project.
2.4. Estimated project budget
Item
Activity
A. Grant
1. Consultant
1.1 International
Land use planning
Fee
Other
M&E
transport:
Per diem
Translation1
Fee
Other
Sub-total
1.2 National
Land use planning
Quantity
$400/
day
$400/
day
transport:
Per diem
Translation2
Fee
Plantation
transport:
Per diem
Fee
Agro-forestry
transport:
Per diem
Fee
$50/
day
$50/
day
$50/
day
transport:
Per diem
Irrigation
Fee
$50/
day
transport:
Per diem
Training on technology
transfer
Fee
$50/
day
transport:
Per diem
M&E
Fee
$50/
day
Cost
Time
Total
(per month)
(month)
US$
1
12000
8
96000
1
1
1
1
5000
3000
2000
12000
3
3
3
3
15000
9000
6000
36000
1
1
1
5000
3000
2000
3
3
3
15000
9000
6000
192000
2
1500
3
9000
2
2
2
500
2000
1500
5
3
14
5000
12000
42000
2
2
2
500
2000
1500
20
5
12
20000
20000
36000
2
2
500
2000
10
5
10000
20000
1
1500
2
3000
1
1
500
2000
4
2
2000
4000
2
1500
4
12000
2
2
500
2000
6
4
6000
16000
2
1500
4
12000
59
transport:
Per diem
2
2
Sub-total
2. Material (incl.
Equipment)
300ha
3. Resettlement
300ha
4. Other
500
2000
6
4
1575
6000
16000
251000
472500
90000
Workshop
Training
10000
8
Total A
80000
1085500
B. Local contribution
1. Project officer
2. Fuel
3. Electricity
4. Repair and
maintenance
4
750
24
400
24
108550
72000
2950
19200
300
24
14400
Total B
Total A+B
108550
1194050
2.5. Project’s operational plan
2.5.1. Time frame:
-
Preparing the Term of Reference:
Selecting and mobilizing consultant:
Executing:
Final report of consultant:
8/2004
9/2004
10/2004 – 10/2007
12/2007
2.5.2. Project Implementation Plan:
-
The Project steering Committee is Ninh Thuan Provincial People’s Committee,
the project management agency is Department of Agricultural and Rural
Development.
-
The Project Executing Agency:
-
Ninh Phuoc Coastal Protective Forests Management Board (Ninh Phuoc District )
-
Nui Chua National Park (Ninh Hai district).
-
The sponsor will select directly international expert, Ninh Thuan Provincial
People’s Committee is on behalf of the Government of Viet Nam to select internal
expert, to appoint staffs of project management and to manage participant process
of the local people.
III. ANALYSIS OF PROJECT BENEFITS
60
3.1 Economic benefits
This project aims at combating desertification and preventing land degradation
therefore its initial evaluation of financial effectiveness could not be done specifically.
However, when forest has been fixed, sand moving has been stopped, the Casuarina forest
will create a landscape for tourism. By that time, based on actual situation, local authorities
will invite investors for tourism.
In addition, financial benefit can be gained when people harvest products (Flowers,
Fruits, Leaves) from these drought-withstand species (Xoan and Acacia sp).
On the other hand, some forestry tree species with high drought-withstand capacity
will be created from project’s plantation. These species will be studied and evaluated by Seed
Center.
3.2 Social benefits
Many daily and seasonal jobs will be created by the Project for farm households in
participating area, therefore these families will have rather significant extra income.
Casuarina forest plantation will protect agricultural cultivated areas inside, create
benefit from short-term intensive crops combined with cattle rearing, mixed plantation with
other fuelwood. In addition, local socio-economic condition will have the benefit of more
favorable biology, soil, climate and hydrology from forest plantation in sandy, hot and dry
area. Large areas of hot and dry sand dunes and surrounding desertified lands will be
transformed to a more favorable environment for human beings, and agricultural production.
These conditions will create favorable conditions for industrialization and modernization
plans in the future.
Project’s plantation will be a periodic on-site source of forest products for local
people’s demand, especially the drought-withstand Xoan with high and various economic
value will provide material for medicine industry, fertilizer and pesticide production...
Ecological tourism will have great benefit from the unique natural landscapes with ever-green
forests, fresh air.
In conclusion, the great benefits of the project are not only the positive ecological
effects of the forest on the unstable sandy area but also the benefit for the socio-economy,
tourism, and culture and supplies, including on-site source of forest products, pharmaceutical
materials, plant and animals, water reserves, cultivation soil and resettlement of local
population.
3.3. Environmental benefits
Living environment is a decisive factor for a healthy life of people. Nowadays, the
demographic explosion together with the massive industrial development that discards
thousands of poisonous chemical wastes into the environment have caused serious
environmental pollution. Deforestation is another reason of environmental degradation. The
consequence of deforestation is desertification process with barren lands and hills, huge white
sandy areas. Therefore, the environmental benefit of forest plantation to combat
desertification is very significant and are shown below:
-
Creating a green blanket to cover all barren land, stabilizing moving sand dunes,
maintaining moistures of the soil and improving climate condition for a huge area.
61
-
Preventing and protecting from storm, drought, flood... providing water, refining the
air, reducing the noise and industrial dust, absorbing carbonic and protecting ozone
layer.
-
Regulating natural moisture and temperature regime, diminishing surface evaporation,
improving exhausted land, increasing land use capacity and making favorable
conditions for cultivation and grazing in arid area.
-
Forest plantation in sandy area to combat desertification will create a closed
ecological circle
-
Forest
improved land
protecting forest.
-
In addition, forest can be used for ecological tourism, biodiversity improvement.
nutrient for trees
benefit for people
planting and
3.4. The sustainability of Project
After the finalization of Project in 2007, we will have to conduct the following steps:
-
Step 1: Because the plantations are established to combat desertification, a long-term
management and protection plan should be elaborated to protect them from any
negative factors.
-
Step 2: Plantation model and technical planting procedures should be expanded to
continue planting and developing forest in order to re-green the remaining fallow
areas in the region in following years.
-
Step 3: After the forest has been established, they can be used for eco-tourism
purposes.
-
Step 4: Fruit of drought-withstand Xoan will be used for breeding and business
(building biological and micro-organism fertilizer manufacturers,..)
III. BUDGET EXPENDITURE:
1. Estimated budget (in US $):
Article
Activities
Quantity
Unit/Price
(Following
month)
Time
(Month)
Cost
US$
$400/day
Travel
Subsidizing
Translation 1
$400/day
Travel
Subsidizing
Translation 2
1
12,000
5,000
3,000
2,000
12,000
5,000
3,000
2,000
12
(batch):4
4
4
4
(batch): 4
4
4
144,000
20,000
12,000
8,000
48,000
20,000
12,000
8,000
272,000
$50/day
Travel
Subsidizing
2
2
2
1,500
500
2,000
3
(batch): 5
3
9,000
10,000
12,000
A. Grant
1. Consultant
1.1 International
Land used planning
Other cost:
Supervisor to evaluates:
Other cost:
Total
1.2 Internality
Land used planning
1
62
Agriculture
$50/day
Traffic
Subsidizing
$50/day
2
2
2
2
1,500
500
2,000
1,500
12
(batch): 20
5
12
36,000
20,000
20,000
36,000
transfering
Travel
Subsidizing
$50/day
Travel
$50/day
2
2
2
2
2
500
2,000
1,500
500
1,500
(batch): 10
5
2
(batch): 4
4
20,000
20,000
6,000
4,000
12,000
Travel
Subsidizing
$50/day
Travel
Subsidizing
2
2
2
2
2
500
2,000
1,500
500
2,000
(batch): 8
4
4
(batch): 8
4
8,000
16,000
8,000
8,000
16,000
248,000
2. Materials (including of
equipments)
600 ha
1442
865,220
3. Resettlement
600 ha
Afforesting
Forest
–
combination
Irrigation
Training on
technology
Monitoring
Total
4. Miscellaneous
12
Training
workshop
180,000
10,000
120,000
Total of A
B. National budget
1. Staffs of the project
2. Fuel
3. Electricity
4. Maintenance
Total of B
1,685,220
4
1,000
24
400
300
24
24
Total of A and B
96,000
20,000
19,200
14,400
149,600
1,834,820
2. Detail cost for investment value of every model of forest plantation:
Model of the Forest plantation for controlling the locomoting sand: 100 ha
* Cost of 01 ha to plant pine (Filao forest): 43.543.000 VNĐ/ha
* Total of investment value: 100 ha x 45.343.000 VNĐ/ha = 4.534.300.000 VND.
Model of combinative forest – agriculture: 300 ha:
* Cost of china-tree forest plantation combining with grass planting, agricultural production:
6.584.000 VNĐ/ha
* Total of investment value: 200 ha x 16.584.000 VNĐ/ha = 3.316.800.000 VND
+ Cost of local Neem tree forest plantation combining with grass planting, agricultural
production: 16.917.000 VNĐ/ha.
+ Total of investment value: 100 ha x 16.917.000 VNĐ/ha = 1.691.700.000 VND.
Model of forest plantation combining with long – day industrial plant growing: 200 ha.
+ Cost of 01 ha to plant grafting-Cashew: 17.273.000 VND/ha
+ Total of investment value: 200 ha x 17.273.000 VNĐ/ha = 3.454.600.000 VND
63
(d) Cost to buy materials, equipments: 673.080.000 VND (~ 42,600 USD)
Therein:
+ Computer 3 set x 1,500 USD/set =
4,500 USD.
+ GPS (5): 3 sets x 700 USD =
2,100 USD.
+ Projector + DVD: 1 set x 3,000 USD/piece =
3,000 USD.
+ Camera: 1 piece x 2,000 USD/ piece =
2,000 USD.
+ Car:
30,000 USD.
1 piece x 30,000 USD/ piece =
+ Stationery =
1,000 USD.
Thus, total of investment value to the project (600ha) and materials, equipments are:
13.670.480.000 VND (equivalent: 865,220 USD).
* Period 1: Experimental planting:
* Period 2: Wide-open planting:
600 ha:
1,834,820 USD
4,400 ha:
6,344,800 USD
64
Cost of forest plantation
Kind of plant: local Neem tree
( VND 1,000)
No
Items of investment
A
Investment to plant and take care in the
first year
II
Direct investment
1
2
Unit
Quantity
Labour
Price
Amount
12,417
12,267
4,576
Labour
Pick up and plant selection
Irrigating before leaving garden
Diging hole 40x40x40
Plant convey and growing
Filling of hole
Compost
Replant into hole of dead plant
Treatment of Basudin
Cleaning grass and haulm
Protection
Cost of carry out by engine
Plant
Lot
Hole
Plant
Hole
Kg
Plant
Plant
Plant
Labour
1110
1000
1110
1110
1110
1443
111
1110
1110
Plant conveyance by truck
Fertilizer conveyance by truck
Plought of soil
Plant
Batch
Ha
1110
4
1
3
Material
III
Variety
Fertilizer of NPK
Microorganic fertilizer
Insecticide
Indirect cost
BB
Ha
Design
Cost of management, subsidizing of staff Ha
of village and commune
Cost of take care of 03 years
Year
Total
Norm
500
1000
67
29
174
138
20
138
90
8.8
1.0
16.57
38.28
6.4
10.5
5.6
8.0
12.3
7.0
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
352
40
663
1,531
255
418
222
322
493
280
2,122
0.2
400
300
222
1,600
300
5,569
Plant
Kg
Kg
Kg
1211
333
1110
7
2.5
3
1.2
30
3,028
999
1,332
210
150
1
1
80
70
80
70
3
1500
4,500
16,917
65
Cost of forest plantation
Kind of plant: Neem tree
( VND 1,000)
No
A
Items of investment
Invest ment to plant and take
care in the first year
I
Direct investment
1
Labour
Pick up and plant selection
Norm
Labour
Price
Amount
12,084
11,934
4,277
1100
500
2.20
40
88
Irrigating before leaving garden
Lot
1000
1000
1.0
40
40
Dig hole 40x40x40
Hole
1100
67
16.42
40
657
Plant conveyance and growing
Plant
1100
29
37.93
40
1,517
Filling of hole
Hole
1100
174
6.32
40
253
Kg
1430
138
10.4
40
414
Replant into hole of dead plant
Plant
110
20
5.5
40
220
Treatment of Basudin
Plant
1100
138
7.97
40
319
Cleaning grass aruond haulm
Plant
1100
90
12.2
40
489
7.0
40
280
Protection
3
Quantity
Plant
Compost
2
Unit
Labour
Cost of carry out by engine
2,142
Plant conveyance by truck
Plant
1210
0.2
242
Fertilizer conveyance by truck
Plough of soil
Batch
4
400
1,600
Ha
1
300
300
Plant
1210
2.5
3,025
Fertilizer of NPK
Kg
330
3
990
Microorganic fertilizer
Kg
1100
1.2
1,320
Insecticide
Kg
6
30
180
Ha
1
80
80
1
70
70
3
1,500
4,500
Material
Variety
II
Indirect cost
B
Design
Cost of management, subsidizing
of staff of village and commune
Cost of take care of 03 years
Total
5,515
150
Ha
Year
16,584
66
Cost of forest plantation
Kind of plant: graft - cashew
(VND 1,000)
No
A
Items of investment
Invest ment to plant and take care in
the first year
I
Direct investment
1
Labour
Pick up and plant selection
B
Labour
Price
Amount
12,773
12,623
3,343
600
150
Lot
1000
Dig hole 60 x 60 x 80
Hole
600
Plant conveyance and growing
Plant
Filling of hole
Hole
Kg
Replant into hole of dead plant
Plant
Treatment of Basudin
Cleaning grass aruond haulm
4.00
40
1000
1.0
40
40
30
20.00
40
800
600
29
20.69
40
828
600
102
5.88
40
235
920
89
10.33
40
413
40
20
2.0
40
80
Plant
600
100
6.00
40
240
Plant
600
90
6.67
40
267
7.0
40
280
Labour
Cost of carry out by engine
160
1,180
Plant conveyance by truck
Plant
600
0.8
480
Fertilizer conveyance by truck
Plough of soil
Batch
1
400
400
Ha
1
300
300
Material
Variety
II
Norm
Irrigating before leaving garden
Protection
3
Quantity
Plant
Compost
2
Unit
8,100
Plant
660
10.0
6,600
Fertilizer of NPK
Kg
120
3
360
Microorganic fertilizer
Kg
800
1.2
960
Insecticide
Kg
6
30
180
Indirect cost
Design
Cost of management, subsidizing of staff
of village and commune
Cost of take care of 03 years
Total
150
Ha
1
80
80
1
70
70
3
1,500
4,500
Ha
Year
17,273
67
Cost of forest plantation
Kind of plant: Pine (Phi Lao)
(VND 1,000)
No
A
I
1
2
Items of investment
Investment to plan and take care in the
first year
Norm
Labour
Price
Amount
40,843
40,693
14,173
Pick out and selecting of plant
Plant
3300
500
6.6
40
264
Dig of hole 60x60x80
Hole
3300
30
110.0
40
4,400
Plant conveyance and growing
Plant
3300
29
113.8
40
4,552
Spile, tie of plant
Pile
3300
200
17
40
660
Filling of hole
Hole
3300
102
32.4
40
1,294
Replant into hole of dead plant
Plant
330
22
15.0
40
600
Spray insecticide
Plant
3300
300
11.0
40
440
Labour of compost
Labour
3300
89
37.1
40
1,483
Protection
Labour
12.0
40
480
Cost of carry out by engine
3,540
Humus conveyance by truck
Batch
30
70
2,100
Plant conveyance by truck
Plant
3300
0.2
660
Fertilizer conveyance by truck
Batch
4
120
480
Ha
1
300
300
Variety
Plant
3630
3
10,890
Pile
Pile
3300
1
3,300
Tie
Kg
1.5
30
45
Material
22,980
Microorganic fertilizer: conist
kg
1650
1.5
2,475
Organicic fertilizer
kg
9900
0.6
5,940
bottle
11
30
330
Insecticide
II
Quanti
Direct investment
Labour
Plough of soil
3
Unit
Indirect cost
Design
Costs of management, subsidizing of staff
of village and commune
Cost of take care of 03 years
150
Ha
1
80
80
Ha
1
70
70
Year
3
1500
4,500
TOTAL
45,343
IV. ANALYZE EXPECTING EFFECT FROM THE PROJECT:
1. Financial effect:
+ To change ecological environment at the area, which plays an important role to
support for sustainable development of agricultural production and to increase local
communities’ incomes at the area.
68
+ To build a sustainable breeding area to create an opportunity for branch of feeding
development and for the local communities in eliminating hunger and reducing poverty and
enriching themselves .
+ To build artificial crops sites such as :
- Neem tree and local neem tree will help local communities in harvesting fruits and
leaves to sell for factories processed products of Neem tree. The average seed productivity is
from 1,5 tons to 2 tons per ha (with four or five-year-old artificial forests, if with six-year –
old artificial forests and more, the productivity will increase). If the average estimated seed
price is about 20.000 VND per kg, sales will be over 30 millions per ha.
- Graft - cashew is the source of income for local communities at the area. Estimated
productivity is from 1,5 tons to 2 tons per ha, sales are from 12 millions to 15 millions per ha.
2. Social effect:
+ To make local people’s life at the area is stable .
+ To enhance awareness of local people on forest protection and to build models of
preventing sandy land from locomotion, of waste land…
+ To enhance knowledge of local people at the area on new farming technology
towards the sandy lands are becoming desertification and waste land …
3. Environmental effect:
+ To change environmental condition; to build an evergreen zone at the area, which
plays an important role on changing ecological environment to stop locomotive sand,
uncultivated soil and degradation of land.
+ To change the temperature and humidity regime, to maintain underground water for
local people’s activities and production at the area, and especially to provide fresh water for
shrimp hatching.
4. Sustainability and the following developments:
+ It’s very important to apply the models above for contiguous areas, desertification
and waste lands …in the future.
+ The models above are not only scientific base but also practicality for production so
that they can ensure sustainability to develop in the following process.
69
SUMMARY
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FUNDING PROPOSAL VN-04-BT-NT1
A.
COUNTRY
Vietnam
B.
PROJECT
Integrated soil management by combination of agro forestry - animal systems for
eliminating soil desertification in semi dry zone in southern middle part of Vietnam
(Binh Thuan and Ninh Thuan provinces).
C.
PROJECT SUMMARY
The project will: (a) evaluate the current socio-economic situation, local indigenous
knowledge of farmers to identify the limiation factors and potention in agro-forestry
developmenty, (b) set up the inovative agro-forestry system for soil conservation,
combat sand moving, stop desertification in the coastal zone, (c) set up the sustainable
agro-forestry demonstration on the sandy dry area, (d) reduce soil degradation and
desertification by sustainable cattle cultivation to increase the living standard of local
people.
D.
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE SUMMARY
The proposed grant would finance these following activities: (a) surveying and
evaluation on the current situation of agro-forestry production and socio-economic
aspects which affect on the agro-forestry development; (b) setting up the
demonstration on the protective forest fence to stop sandy moving and desertifcation;
(c) setting up the demonstration on sustainable agro-forestry systems to reduce winds,
water erosion and improve soil fertility and increase soil’s production capacity and (d)
setting up the commune cattle feeding model to replace the traditional grazing.
E.
AMOUNT OF GRANT REQUESTED
US$ 119,620.3
70
Integrated soil management by combination of agro forestry – animal systems for
eliminating the soil desertification in semi dry zone in southern middle part of
Vietnam (Binh Thuan & Ninh Thuan Provinces)
National Institute for Soils and Fertilizers
I. GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1. Project tittle:
Integrated soil management by combination of agro forestry – animal systems for
eliminating the soil desertification in semi dry zone in southern middle part of Vietnam (Binh
Thuan & Ninh Thuan Provinces)
1.2. Project location:
Project will be implemented in Binh Thuan and Ninh Thuan provinces
1.3. Branch: Agro forestry section
1.4. Project implementing Institution:
- National Institute for Soils and Fertilizers (NISF)
- Address:
Nong Lam road, Dong Ngac commune, Tu Liem District, Hanoi City
- Tel: 04.8386830 , Fax: 04.8389924
*Co-leader of project:
- Name: Dr. Nguyen Cong Vinh
- Position:
Head of Department
- Tel:
04.8385635, 0912017124, Fax: 04.8389924, Email: [email protected]
- Name: Bch. Dang Tho Loc
- Position:
Vice Director. Centre of agro-chemistry product application and
research.
- Tel:
04.8373397; 0913575312; Email: [email protected]
1.5. Project manager organization:
- Department of Forestry. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural development
- Address: No 2 Ngoc Ha Street, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi City
- Tel: 04. 8438814, Fax: 04-8438793, Email: [email protected]
1.6. Bugged estimated
- Total:
2.470.000.000 VND
188.734.180 USD
Of which:
(15.800 VND/US$)
-ODA:
1.890.000.000 VND (119620.3 US$)
-In kind:
580.000.000 VND
(36708.86 US$)
1.7. Project category:
Lending form ODA without return
1.8. Time:
1/2005-12/2007
71
1.9. Lending country and reason:
Holland or Australia. Collaboration with NISF in research long time.
II. BACKGROUND
2.1. Justification
Binh Thuan and Ninh Thuan belongings to southern middle coastal part of Vietnam
where there are many constraints for agricultural and forestry production. Weather is
classified as dry hot monsoon, strong sunning and limited raining (Semi-dry zone). Dry
season lasts in 5-6 months with rainfall of 5mm/month. In which, there are 3-4 months
extremely dry with monthly rainfall of less than 1mm. Strong wind is main factor causing the
wind soil erosion, sand moving. They are factors causing the soil degradation and
desertification.
Forest clearing and un property cultivation as sifting cultivation to expose the soil
surface are common practices in provinces. So that soil degradation, desertification seriously
happen and increased with the time.
Soil in Binh Thuan, Ninh Thuan provinces is mostly derived from poor and course
materials. These soils are very low water, nutrient holding capacity, very low cation
exchangeable capacity. CEC ranges from 3 to 9 meq/100g soil.
- Forest in Binh Thuan province covers on an area of 550.327ha (68,85% of total
natural area of province). Of which, rich forest is 38.189ha (6,9%), medium forest is 51.779
ha (9,4%). Poor forest occupies of 65.411 ha (10%), young rehabilitation and other is 34,1%
of total area. Ninh Thuan province has a natural area of 336 thousand ha, of which, forestry
consist of 159,3 thousand ha. In Ninh Thuan, Natural forests are dominant (152,3 thousand
ha), cultivated forest consists of 7 thousand ha. Forests are qualified as poor forest.
- Hunan activity is also strong factor contribution for soil degradation and
desertification in these locals. With cattle grassing as cow, buffalo, gouts trampling upon the
grass, land surface causing more wind erosion, sand moving and land surface becoming to
exposed situation. This activity contributes onto the more soil degradation and decertification.
- Desertification is process to change cultivate land becoming to desert, that is unable
in use for cultivating. Now day, there is 30% of surface is desert/being desertification.
Desertification is global problem, not only any country. Desertification is being deteriorated
the eco-biological environment around the world. To stop and against land desertification
become urgent vital mission in the world. This vital mission is closely linked with the socioeconomic development and environmental protection, eliminating hunger and reducing
poverty in many nations. Desertification includes degradation of poor dry soils as soil for
cultural production, cattle grassing and forestry land. Soil degradation reduces the capacity of
biological and economical yielding of soil, even without harvesting on the agricultural and
forestry lands. Soil degradation is generated under lacking of water, dry whether in long
time. This condition bring soil into degradation and desertification.
- Desert is resulted by effected by natural condition and human unsuitable activities.
Natural factor causing to the desert included as:
Hydrometeorology (little rainfall, huge evaporation, low air humidity, water and wind
soil erosion, quick and high flooding).
Soil characteristics (mineral components, poor in organic mater content, low cation
exchangable capacity, high salinity and, run off and lateristic).
72
- In agricultural production, over grazing (crowded cattle herds and many over
grazing) is important factor to cause the deducing of forest and degraded land, leading to soil
degraded soil and desert. Over grazing in Binh Thuan and Ninh Thuan provinces is high
density which is over the standing of weed and vegetables on the pasture.
- Free grazing with increasing of the cattle with time in dry and hot condition in Binh
Thuan and Ninh Thuan is main factor causing soil degradation and desertification. In Ninh
Thuan, agricultural land is 60,8 thousand ha, available land for agriculture production is
78.598 ha. Population of Ninh Thuan is 259.650 people in 2001. Of which, Viet group is
78%; minority groups are 22% (Cham group is 11,36%, Rac lay group is 9,5%). In Binh
Thuan, total natural area is 782.8 thousand ha. Of which, agricultural land is 217.3 thousand
ha, forestry land is 390.6 thousand ha. Population of Binh Thuan is 1096.7 thousand people
in 2002.
- Cattle grazing in medium and small flocks are traditional habit of farmer in country
side. This cultivation can bring economic benefit, which plays an important role in household
economic structure, district and province level. This cultivation can bring high benefit in short
time with low investment. In current period, animal cultivation at bigger sizes (more than 200
heads/flock) is developing in Binh Thuan province. In year 2003, Binh Thuan had 7.7
thousand heads of buffalo, 142.7 thousand heads of cow and 242.5 thousand head of pigs. In
year 2002, in Ninh Thuan, estimated data are 8.0 thousand head of buffalo, 133.8 thousand
head of cow, 234.7 thousand head of sheep and goat was 72.8 thousand heads.
- Above natural and human factors are in direct or in directly causing soil futility
decline and let to desertification increasing in this zone
- Bare land and desert appears in districts such as: Ninh Hai, Ninh Phuoc (Ninh
Thuan); Bac Binh, Tuy Phong, Ham Thuan Bac (Binh Thuan). There are typical different
deserts: sandy desert (56.740 ha in Binh Thuan, 9.103 ha in Ninh Thuan), rocky desert (9.355
ha in Binh Thuan , 21.468 ha in Ninh Thuan), salty desert (11410 in Binh Thuan , 6407 ha in
Ninh Thuan) and denut and poor desert (12.490 in Binh Thuan, 44.043 ha in Ninh Thuan).
Total deserts are estimated by 89.995 ha in Binh Thuan (11.3% of total natural area of
province) and by 81.021ha in Ninh Thuan (23.6% of total natural area of province).
- A wearing on the environmental degradation, desertification and cultivate
technology of farmer is still limited. Finding from survey on the local ingenious knowledge in
Binh Thuan is that farmers have low understanding on the soil fertility, fertilization,
especially organic fertilizers. Farm yard manure is not be applied into field but sent to others.
Farmers have no understanding on the role of phosphate fertilizer and lime. So that, crops are
mostly not be applied lime and phosphate fertilizer. In face cultivate soils are poor in organic,
phosphate and acidity.
2.2. Project goals
2.2.1. Short time goal
• Evaluation on the current socio-economic situation, local indigenous
knowledge of farmer to identify the limitation factors and potent ion in agroforest development.
• Setting up the innovative agro-forestry system for soil conservation, to against
sand moving, stopping desertification in the coastal zone.
• Setting up the sustainable agro forestry demonstration on the sandy dry soil.
• Under tacking apart in reducing the soil degradation and desertification by
sustainable cattle cultivation to building u the living standard of people in
73
commune, district level, eliminating the hunger and reducing poverty in
commune of Binh Thuan and Ninh Thuan.
2.2.2 Long tem goal of project
•
Increasing the understanding of commune on the hazard of desertification and reason
causing to the desert.
• Building up capacity of agro forestry cultivation to development the sustainable
production in dry coastal zone of Vietnam.
• Recommendation on the policy issue for sustainable protection and development of
environment.
• Effective protection for sustainable bio-ecological environment in semi dry tropical
zone and increasing the economic in zone
2.3. Main activities
2.3.1. Surveying and evaluation on the current situation of agro forestry production and
socio-economic aspects which affect on the agroforestry development in local..
Current situation in agroforestry production in local will be clarified, a wears of
farmers in local will reflect on the advantage and difficulties for cultivation and economic
development in local. Those information’s will generate the scientific data base for successful
achievement of project.
2.3.2. Setting up the demonstration on the protective forest fence to stop the sandy moving
and desertification..
•
The risk of desertification has been daily increasing in commune having the waste sandy
dry lands such as: Hoa Thang, Hong Phong, Phan Son, Phan Hoa- Binh Thuan , in Ninh
Phuoc, Phuoc Hai, Ninh Son- Ninh Thuan. Due to covering surface of vegetable was
damaged, land surface was denuded, soil is dry and course sand, non plastic, non sticky
exiting in dry and hot weather, strong wind, soil erosion is seriously causing gully erosion
in Hoa Thang, Hong Phong-Binh Thuan.
•
Surveying on the sub region where strong affected by wind, sand moving to setting up the
wind break fence stopping the sandy moving.
•
Selection of suitable plant , vegetable species which can strong dry tolerant and standing
in poor dry soil to apply in the zones. Nim, Acacia, casuarina equisetifolia is high
potential recommended to be used in the dry and hot regions.
•
Wind break fences will be planted along beach quadrate with wind direction. Trees will
be transgressed to the sea with time to stop wind blowing and sand moving.
•
Wind break fences will be multi layers. High layer with high trees such as casuarina
equisetifolia, acacia to stop wind blowing. Lower layer will be grass such as vetiver, zusi
grass… to prevent the soil from water erosion and supplying the food fro cattle.
2.3.3. Setting up the demonstrations on sustainable agro forestry systems to reduce the wins,
water erosion and improving the soil fertility and increasing production capacity of soil.
•
Due to topography in these zone is shot distant from continent to sea and steep, so that
soil erosion extremely happened and resulting the poor soils. Gull erosion made the gun
with more than tens meter depth and width in Hong Phong, Hoa Thang- Binh Thuan. In
addition, wind erosion strongly happens in zone. Wind blowing can move sand dune and
covering the sand over agricultural land. Setting up the wind break fence and controlling
74
soil erosion is most important in this area. These fences can stop water, wind soil erosion
and soil fertility improvement.
•
Style of demonstration selection:
* Nim /acacia mangium – custard apple (na) –annual crops, leguminous, leucaena
leucocephala (Lam) De Wit, Fleminza.
- Technological selection for soil fertility improvement:
+ Balance fertilization, bio fertilizers, intercropping with leguminous crops to improve the
soil fertility.
+ Use in the product with high water holding capacity to keep water in soil for long time,
(PAM).
+ Selection on the drought tolerant vegetable and tree species with high yield.
+ Increasing the organic matter into the soils: return crop residues, employing the organic
matter in local. Using bacteria organic fertilizer to enhance the material and bioactivity in the
soil.
* Application of the agro forestry system:
Fruit tree (Cashew nut (forestry fence)- annual crops (peanut, corn, cassava…).
2.3.4. Setting up the commune cattle feeding model to replace the tradition grazing.
- Demonstration of agro forestry system and agro forestry- animal feeding system will
be settled up in interaction of each component in system. Wind and water break fences can
supply the food for animal, grazing area and rotate in time cycle. Animal can provide the
organic fertilizer for crop and soil fertility improvement.
In animal cultivation, expenditure for animal food consists of 70 - 85% structure of
cost price, and plays an important. That is decisive factor for successfulness in animal
cultivation. Important think is that planning for suitable grazing area to developed the grass
field in both artificial and natural grass fields, food proceeding for dry and cold season. In
order to grow up, each cow need of 12.000 kg green grass/year. If application the traditional
grazing, each grass field can feed for 2 cows/ha. If supplying enough water for animal, using
more investment for grass field, 1 ha of grass can supply for 3-4 cows /year, even for 5
cows/ha. In order to reach the project goal of harmonious guarantee between sustainable
development of commune economic and protection and develop the natural vegetable source
in pastures, planning of grazing fields which suitable in size and for natural and socio
economic situation in each regions. Grazing field should be correct planned by farming size,
area and rotation cycle.
In order to assure for pasture well develop and create the maximum biomass yields,
supplementing of artificial grass, leguminous species is need to aim at re-establish vegetation,
increasing area of scare and shading trees. Recently years, in domain of livestock, with
collecting local grass of value, Vietnam imported many grass variety that not only have
nutrient of high value but also have effect preserving soil from developed-livestock country.
Selection, intensive cultivation of leguminous species, wooden stems to use as fodder.
It should be suitable for weather condition in ecological zone is important solution to
supplement food for cattle in one hand, and to guarantee sustainable for alternate grazing land
in other hand. Therefore, to improve and enhance soil fertility. These varieties not only have
fixed-nitrate properties, but also give us agriculture product or satisfy another using aim like
that covering land, restraining evaporating and soil erosion, creating resin, and providing
grain for fodder.
75
In dry and hot climate of this region, leguminous species would be put in the fist
priority that correspond to dry weather, have short time of using land, to grow and develop in
both of dry and rain season. Thus, in one hand, they make to fast turnover of land use, to
increase time of cover land, reduce the evaporation to keep moisture and heat, to minimize the
water soil erosion (in the rain season) and wind erosion (in the dry season), in other hand to
increase the capacity of nitrogen fixation in the soil during year.
Beside of the natural pasture, artificial grass is needed to developed. Grass cultivation
is aim to the purpose of providing the fodder for animal. Drought and hot grass varieties are
need to select for the zone. Drought tolerant species as lemon grass, Zuzi, Stylo, Ghinª grass
are suitable and protection species for selection to develop the grazing/pasture. These
varieties have better cultivate in rain season to harvest and store in the dry season. In order to
assure pasture develop well and create maximum living mass, it is necessary to guide farmer
technical of cultivation and harvest on time.
Using by-product/residues can provide the big amount for fodder. This is active
method and having high effect for economy. After gatherings by-product as trunk, leaves, top
of crop... can be gather to store for fodder, to participate solve important part demand of
fodder (specially in dry season)
2.4. Budget
Total:
Of which:
ODA:
In kind:
188,734,180 USD (15,800 VND/ USD)
188.734.180 USD (15.800 USD)
1,890,000,000 VND (119,620.3 US$)
580,000,000 VND (36,708.86 US$)
2.5. Activity planning
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Content of major activities
Workshop on “Degraded soil and methods”
Discussion and decision on for project planning
Research fact of degradation, desertification in local, and to find limits for agriculture,
forestry and livestock production.
To research fact of livestock and pasture to collect model (demonstration), development
ability of pasture according to plan.
To collect content that build demonstrations
-Workshop...
-Training about: desertification, degraded soil, technical of preserve land, intensive
cultivation...
-Field trip...
To design, build demonstrations
-Protective forests, against the blowing wind and sand moving
-Demonstration of combining agro-forestry
- Demonstration of community pasture
To implement the demonstration
To manage demonstrations and develop in next years of project
Meeting for report and assessment, supplement contents:
-Training about desertification, degraded soil and damage to community.
- Training to enhance awareness about soil environment... in dry condition...
Summarize, check and take over, assessment of project progress
76
11
To propagate, extend project, technology transfer to develop
III. ANALYZE PROJECT EFFECTS
3.1. Preliminary assessment:
When Demonstration of agro-forestry system is success: increase yield of crop,
increase income of farmer.
+ Demonstration of agro-forestry: yield of crop will increase 15% at least. Having new
technology, new dry-resistant varieties with high yield, not only increase yield but also
increase about cultivation area.
+ Animal cultivation model: successes of animal cultivation model are to make the most of
poor soils for grass yield. This model can increase the economic benefit, reduce the damaging
of vegetable covering of the land surface.
+ Soil fertility gradually improves, to increase production ability, therefore increasing farmer
income
3.2. Social effects:
-
Creating the model can give more works for people. Superfluous labors can be
attracted in production and demonstration on the soil improvement and to against the
desertification, environmental protection. Auxiliary labors can be attracted into
agrofoestry-animal systems.
-
Farmers can get more knowledge on the agricultural, forestry and animal cultivation.
Wear on the hazard and backward of soil degradation and desertification to farmer, so
that people in local can have more self –discipline consciousness in forest and
environmental protection
3.3.Enviromental effect:
-
Limit soil erosion by water (in the rain season) and by wind (in the dry season),
degraded soil, climate will become temperate when forest is regenerated, ground water
is regulated for people’s livelihood and agro-forestry production.
-
Reducing and gently stopping the desertification by re greening of wind-water break
fens. Vegetation covering can be increase to improve the climate situation in local.
Temperature, humidity regime can be better for agricultural, forestry and animal
cultivation. Ago forestry can be sustainable developed for long period.
3.4. Sustainability of the project
-
Based on the enhanced farmer’s knowledge, project effect will be developed in larger
scale, other locals.
-
Advantaged technologies suitable for zone will be adopted and extend into other
local/zone where having the similar weather, soil conditions, especial in long coastal
area in the middle of Vietnam.
-
Improved soil, environment, soil erosion reduced by the windbreak fence and forest,
so that agro forestry and animal cultivation will be in the sustainable development.
77
-
Superfluous labors will have more work and attracted in working so that social evils
will be rolled back residence.
78
SUMMARY
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FUNDING PROPOSAL VN-04-BT-NT2
A.
COUNTRY
Vietnam
B.
PROJECT
Studying and applicating the method of artificial recharge of groundwater reserves in
arid areas of Ninh Thuan-Binh Thuan provinces.
C.
PROJECT SUMMARY
The project will formulate scientific knowledges on geology, geochemistry,
hydrogeology, biology in order to choose the sites in the most arid areas of the country
suitable to construct a ground water recharge system and test a pilot model.
D.
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE SUMMARY
The proposed grant would finance to (a) formulate scientific knowledges on geology,
geochemistry, hydrogeology, biology in order to choose the sites in the most arid areas
of the country suitable to construct a ground water recharge system ; (b) build a smallscale pilot model and test the model, (c) propose the construction of real groundwater
recharge systems in two provinces Binh Thuan and Ninh Thuan to serve water supply
for domestic, agricultural uses and improve environment and prevent desertification.
E.
AMOUNT OF GRANT REQUESTED
US$ 2,150,000
79
Studying and applicating the method of artificial recharge of groundwater
reserves in arid areas of Ninh Thuan-Bình Thuan
Department of Geology and Minerals of Vietnam
1-GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1- Project name
Studying and applicating the method of artificial recharge of groundwater reserves in
arid areas of Ninh Thuan-Bình Thuan.
1.2- Project site
The proposed project, having an area of 11.118 km2 and a population of 1.618.978
habitants, will be implemented in two coastal provinces Nam Trung Bo (Ninh Thuan and
Binh Thuan).
1.3- The project belongs to hydrogeological branch
1.4- Supervision organization: Department of Geology and Minerals of Vietnam
1.5- Implementation organization: Division of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology for
the Centrals of Vietnam.
1.6- Project manager: Dr. Ngo Tuan Tu, Phone number: 058 837 279/ 0913408163
1.7- Project budget
Total project budget: 2.450.000 USD, of which, 2.150.000 USD from ODA and
300.000 USD from Viet Nam .
1.8– Project type: Granted by ODA.
1.9 – Implementation time
Starting time: Right after the project will be been approved and assigned the budget.
Completed time: after three years.
1.10 – Sponsor for the budget
Danish or Japanese Government through granted ODA sources because the countries
have been implemented tasks involved to groundwater resources on the Vietnam territory.
80
2- THE CONTENT OF THE PROJECT
2.1- The necessary of the project
In the last decades, the global weather has changed abnormally, serious draughts have
been happened in many countries and become the big risk for the human being.
In recent years, in particular in years 2002-2003, many places in the Central part
(especially Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan provinces), heavy draught happened, causing serious
damages. It is urgent and necessary to prevent and overcome. The Government has gave a lot
of measures to solve this urgent task, including the implementation of the artificial rainfall
project. Although, there is another measure, namely artificial recharge, to prevent and
overcome effectively the draught have not yet been applied systematically and scientifically.
Groundwater artificial recharge is a method to improve groundwater reserves by
storage of rainfall or surface water into reservoirs, channels, mine pits or other works ...from
those, water will infiltrate and storage in aquifers. The artificial recharge system often
consists of infiltration bases such as lakes, channels, mine pits, injection wells and recover
wells.
The suitable locations for application of artificial recharge have to meet the following
conditions: i) having a huge water sources (rainfall, river and lake water, flood); ii) suitable
topography for water storage; having a good permeable layer at the bottom of the infiltration
bases; iii) the aquifer is at a suitable depth, having a good enough permeability, and having
larger distribution and thickness.
The design and management of a groundwater recharge system are involved to many
fields such as geology, geochemistry, hydrogeology, biology, and construction engineering.
Therefore, it is a must to invest, research all elements belongs to the above-mentioned fields
in order to locate a most suitable site for construction of a groundwater recharge system as
well as to test a small-scale pilot model of forecasting groundwater reserves and quality after
construction of the groundwater recharge system.
Based on the above-mentions, it is obvious and urgent to formulate scientific know
ledges on geology, geochemistry, hydrogeology, biology in order to choose the sites in the
most arid areas of the country (in two provinces Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan) suitable to
construct a groundwater recharge system and test a pilot model
2.2- Short – term objectives of the project
Objective 1: To formulate scientific know ledges on geology, geochemistry,
hydrogeology, biology in order to choose the sites in the most arid areas of the country (in
two provinces Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan) suitable to construct a groundwater recharge
system.
Objective 2: To build a small-scale pilot model and to test the model
Objective 3: Based on the results of the above study, to propose the construction of
real groundwater recharge systems in two provinces Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan) to server
water supply for domestic, agricultural uses, to improve environment and to prevent
desertification.
81
2.3 - Long – term objectives of the project
• To expand the model of groundwater artificial recharge on the other arid areas
having the same geological and hydrogeological conditions.
• To stable water supply sources from groundwater to prevent draught,
desertification in order to minimize damages causing by natural hazard in the
arid areas of the whole country.
• To minimize the degradation of groundwater environment due to saline water
intrusion.
• To minimize geo-dynamic hazards involving to groundwater activities such as
land slide, subsidence, quick sand...
2.4- The scope of works
In order to obtain the above-mentioned objectives, the following works will be carried out:
Table 1: The scope of the works
No
1
2
Work 1
Work 2
3
Work 3
4
5
Work 4
Work 5
6
7
8
Work 6
Work 7
Work 8
9
Work 9
10
Work 10
Work description
Project formulation and budget looking
Collection of the archived data in the Center of Geological Information and
Archive and the other data involving to the project objectives
Geological, hydrogeological, geochemistrical investigation and the hygiene
environmental status in the areas where high permeability sedimentation
exists in Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan.
To determine the permeability of the surface sand layer by slug tests.
To determine lithology, thickness of aquifers and saline content by carrying
out VES (vertical electrical sounding).
To drill hydrogeological wells and to carry out pumping test
Water sampling at river, dug-well, and wells
To synthesize data to find out areas suitable to construct groundwater
artificial recharge system.
To choose a typical area in which a small catchments will be located to
construct and operate a small-scale groundwater artificial recharge system
Reporting
2.5 – Cost estimation
The budget for implementation will be granted by Vietnamese Government and
oversea sponsors through CCOP program or other program and organizations
Table 2: Project cost estimations
Work descriptions
Oversea budget (USD)
Construction of G.W artificial
recharge system
Professional equipments
Technical training
Others
Total
1.500.000
300.000
30.000
300.000
2.150.000
Vietnamese budget
(USD)
300.000
300.000
Total (USD)
1.800.000
300.000
30.000
300.000
3.450.000
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2.6. Project implementation plan
The project is planned to implement in 3 yeas (36 months), and are divided into the
following steps:
- First year: Formulation and approvals of the project and call for budget
- Second yeas: Collection of the archived data, field trips, database building,
topography digitizing, VES, well drilling, water sampling and analysis, pit dug and slug test
and pumping test.
- Third year: To synthesize data to find out areas suitable to construct groundwater
artificial recharge system. To construct and operate a proposed small-scale groundwater
artificial recharge system including dam building, well drilling, pumping. water sampling and
analysis, groundwater monitoring. Formulation of final report, appraisal, and approval and
archive of the project and submit ion to the Center of Geological Information and Archive.
3. ANALYSING PROJECT EFFECTIVENESS
3.1. Environmental effectiveness
The results of the project will help to access the effectiveness of artificial recharge
application in the study area. The damages caused by annual draught in many other arid areas
of Viet nam will be minimized in case the model will be applied on the large-scale. The
implementation of the project cause no adverse impacts to the environment but increase
environmental quality.
3.2 Estimation of economic effectiveness.
Implementation of the project will bring enormous economic effectiveness: increase in
groundwater reserves for water supply in dry season; gradual increase in groundwater level,
therefore increase capillary height, as a result, plantation will be well developed and the
desertification will be minimized. It means that the economic effectiveness is large.
3.3 Social effectiveness
All communities if the study areas will benefit from the project. The results of the
project will increase the living standard of people, eliminate starve and delimitate perversity.
Project will cause no adverse impacts to women as well as obstacle for low-income people.
3.4 Sustainability of the project
Groundwater artificial recharge systems will be built as long-term item, and will be
technically maintained annual. Such groundwater artificial recharge systems will operate for
many decades and will develop continuously in the system of exploitation wells and water
resources protection works in the whole country.
83
SUMMARY
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FUNDING PROPOSAL VN-04-SC-CH1
A.
COUNTRY
Vietnam
B.
PROJECT
Establishment of national and regional information systems for monitoring, early
warning and forecasting drought, desertification and hungry elimination, poverty
reduction in the Southern Central region and Central Highland.
C.
PROJECT SUMMARY
The project will support five key objectives: (a) strengthen capability of Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment in monitoring drought, desertification; (b)
establish national and regional system for monitoring, early warning, predict drought
and and eliminate poverty in Vietnam (c) develop feasible measures for mitigating
impact of drought to agriculture-forestry production in regions affected by drought
and land degradation in order to ensure food security and release poverty; (d) upgrade
public aware of prevention, combating and mitigation of drought, desertification,
poverty reduction and environment protection.
D.
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE SUMMARY
The proposed grant would finance to set up a national and regional information system
for drought monitoring, early warning and prediction, poverty reduction and develop 5
demonstration models of agriculture, silviculture and aquaculture and poverty
reduction which are suitable for arid, sub-arid and desert regions in Southern Central
region and Central Highland .
E.
AMOUNT OF GRANT REQUESTED
US$ 1,000,000
84
Establishment of national and regional information systems for monitoring, early
warning and forecasting drought, desertification and hungry eliminationpoverty reduction in the Southern Central region and Central Highland (Tay
Nguyen)
Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology
I. GENERAL INFORMATION OF THE PROJECT
1.1 Title of project:
Establishment of national and regional information systems for monitoring, early
warning and forecasting drought, desertification and hungry elimination- poverty reduction in
the Southern Central region and Central Highland (Tay Nguyen).
1.2 Place for project implementation
Southern Central region and Central highland (provinces Ninh Thuan, Binh Thuan,
Dac Lac, Gia Lai, Kon Tum).
1.3 Project sector: Natural resources and Environment
1.4 Excecutive organization of project management: Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment (MONRE)
1.5 Project Director: Ass. Prof. Dr. Tran Thuc, Director, Institute of Meteorology and
Hydrology, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE)
Address: 5/62 Nguyen Chi Thanh Str., Lang, Dong Da, Ha Noi.
Tel: (04) 8359540. Fax: 8355993
1.6 Total budget of project:
In Vietnam Dong: 18.960,0 milions
In US Dolas: 1.200.000,0 USD (Exchange rate is 15.800 VND/USD).
In which:
- ODA Fund (in USD): 1.000.000.0 USD
- Response fund (VND): 3.160,0 Milions (equal 200.000 USD).
1.7 Type of project: ODA Non returnd
1.8 Duration of project: 5 years
Begining: 2005 and End: 2009
Proposed sponce country and selection resaon:
II. CONTENT OF THE PROJECT
2.1 Necessary of project
To prevent and combat desertification is urgent problem of humanity, which concern
with the fight for conservation of environment and poverty reduction in many countries. In
some countries are taking a lot of research projects and investigation programs on drought
85
and desertification and considerable achievements are obtained. In Vietnam in recent years
drought is serious natural calamity and desertification become a growing menace.
It is known that, sustainable developmemt with one of it's purposes is promoting man
live quality the will be not reable if the land are degrated and crop productivity are not
increased.
Desertification, manly, is degration process of land leading to reduction, evently to
loss biological productivity and economic yield of agriculture. So, prevention and combating
desertification are direct contribution to conservation natural resources, firstly are land,
climatic, biological ones, in serving sustainable development strategy.
A lot of case studies on measures for preventing and combating to desertification are
taking in many countries, in which main attentions are concentrated to features, reasons of
desertification and ability to recover plant canopy in desert regions. The proposed measures
consist of 3 main groups: 1) Rational and sustainable utilization of natural, environmental
resourses as well as rational land use and planning; 2) Technical (irrigation, afforestration,
land preparation, etc..); 3) Policy for land use, livestock, aquaculture, etc...
To development socio-economic and improve living standards of population in
drought and desert regions with special life difficulties, as well as to enhance agriculture,
forestry, aquaculture production, eliminate poverty, for many years the Government of
Vietnam have ratified a lot of socio-economic, scientific, education development programs
with special priorities. It are:
Program for exploitation and using land at abandoned, riverside bottom, coastal zones,
water surface in delta (Decision No 773 TTg, December 21th 1992);
Program for socio-economic development in mountainous, remote communes in
regions with special difficulties (Decision No 135/Q§-TTg July, 30 th 1998).
State focal subject programs for Science and Technology (Program No KS 07, period
1996-1999, Program KC 08, period 2001-2005) on Natural Resources and Environment with
priority to research subject concerning drought, land degradation, desertification, setting up
crop - animal models suitable for those regions.
State focal subject program for poverty reduction in period 1998-2000 (Decision No
133/1998/Q§-TTg, July, 23 th /1998).
With implementation United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification since
1996 to 2000 in the frame of State focal subject program for Science and Technology
(Program No KS 07, period 1996-1999) on Natural Resources and Environment were carried
out 2 national research project named " Causes, measures for preventing and combating
desertification in Central and Southern Central regions (Quang Ngai - Binh Dinh, Ninh
Thuan-Binh Thuan) by Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (MONRE), Institute of
Geography (National Institute of Science and Technology).
From two mentioned projects following outlooks for tendency of desertification in
those regions were drawn, which are: 1) In coming years, the tendency (and menace) of
desertification still mainly depend on tendency of climate variability and change, natural
geophysical behaviors of each desert types and some dominant socio-economic conditions; 2)
86
In next some decades desertification processes might stayed at the approximate level of 90
decade or a liitle higher.
Other research results on desertification in the regions of country also show that,
desertification processes in Vietnam are integrated consequences of natural condition and
human activities. Concerning natural condition, dominant are extremes of climatic and
hydrological conditions, land degradation. The external processes causing desertification are
geological, lanscape and ecological.
Among 3 types of ecological landscape of desertification peorfomance in Vietnam,
including barren, stony and sandy the unproductive is the most popular. The stony
desertification often occur in the mountains, sandy in coastal delta, but barren one in
mountains, plateau and delta.
Over past years and nowadays in Vietnam is undertaking many effective measures for
preventing and combating desertification. It consist of: 1) Land classification, evaluation,
classification of suitable land; 2) Evaluation of land degradation; 3) Investigation of
experiences in preventing land degradation; 4) Shifting crop pattern, cropping systems; 5)
Irrigation planning.
For hungry elimination and poverty reduction following measures are undertaking in
recent years:
Improving suitability of agriculture production planning in drought and desert regions,
especially effectiveness of land use planning.
Continuing enhance of arable land in bare and bald hill regions, as well as area for
aquaculture production.
Continuing shifting crop pattern, cropping systems;
Continuing implementation of irrigation projects together with
effectiveness in exploitation of irrigation systems and enhance water resources;
improving
Improving technical and management measures, including: (i) Soil erosion prevention
and reduction; (ii) Enhance of cultivation area of legume crops; (iii) Planting of shade and
nitrogen-fixing crops.
Although many efforts were undertaken, but up to now the struggle with drought,
desertification, as well as poverty reduction still face to many difficulties, low effectiveness.
An investigation on drought status and poverty in Vietnam, general speaking, and in 19
affected provinces by drought and desertification special speaking (tables 1, 2) show that:
Over country, based on still not full statistics, in spite of great investment for irrigation
constuction, up to 2000 the area do not avoid affects of drought are still very large,
approximate 43,5% total area of natural land.
Including unused land by any reason, the land area, which vulnerable to drought and
desertification are much in the Southern Cetral coastal, TayNguyen plateau, Northern Central
and Central zones, but less in Red river and Mekong delta.
87
Up to 1998 in the country there are 1715 communes facing still in difficulties, among
them about 1000 communes are special difficulties. And in 2000 average income of those
communes just only lower than 150 USD per year.
Up to 2000 and 2010 low incomes and high percentage of poor population still
keeping in midland, moutainous, drought and desert regions.
Based on results of research projects on climate change, as well as Initial national
communication on climate change in Vietnam undertaken by former Hydro-Meteorological
Service (now belong to Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, MONRE) and
menace of poverty, we can notice some outlooks as early warning (table 3), as following:
(i) Up to 2010, 2050, 2070 years, temperature in those regions will be increased. The
boundaries of regions affected by drought and desertification will be more large.
(ii) For Red and Mekong rivers, annual run-off changes from +4% down to -19%, the
change of low flow is rather significant from -2% down to -24%. The flood peak, which
formerly had return period of 100 years, now only 20 years. The flood peak, which formerly
had return period of 20 years, now only 5 years, etc., i.e. the frequency of flood occurrence
would be higher. For medium and small rivers, by 2070, for medium and small rivers, the
biggest decrease of annual run-off would be recorded in the East of South Viet Nam (2933%), Central Viet Nam from Quang Binh to Quang Ngai province (23-40.5%), North Viet
Nam and North of Central Viet Nam (2-11.5%), and biggest increase in extreme South of
Central Viet Nam (49%), Central Highland (6-16%).
(iii) Due to abnormal changes of rainfall intensity, flood inundation and drought
would occur more frequently. Significant cultivation areas in Mekong and Red River deltas
would be under salt water due to sea level rise.
(iv) Evaporation and potential evapotranspiration (PET) would be increased, that means crop
water requirement will be more, so menace of water shortage will be more seriously, especially in
regions of dry and barren land.
(v) The planting boundary of tropical trees/crops would move towards higher
mountainous region and northwards. The adaptation area of subtropical plants, which have
high economic benefits and remarkable significant for poverty reduction, would become
narrower.
(vi) A remarkable arable area in Red river and Mekong delta will be affected by
salinity due to sea level raised, especially coastal zones.
(vii) Climate change would have seriously impacts on vegetation coverage and forest
ecosystem. Sea level rise would make mangrove forest decreasing and adversely affect indigo
forest and sulfated land forest. It in possible that there would be changes in boundary
distribution of primary forest as well as secondary forest. Furthermore, the increase of
temperature and drought would lead to increasing danger of forest fire and spreading of plant
pests and diseases.
(viii) Due to increase of evapotranspiration, soil moisture would reduce, the biomass
growth index of forest trees would get down.
88
(ix) Due to sea level rise, hydro-physical hydro-biological and hydro-chemical
regimes would be degraded. It is predicted that economic sea product capacity would reduce
at least one third in comparison to the present. The number of sub-tropical fishes (with high
commercial value) would decrease or even disappear. The following consequences may
occur: Migration of fishes to another sea areas, reduction of body weight of fish.
(x) With salinity intrusion would lead to following consequences: 1) Habitat of fresh
water living creatures would become smaller due to occupation of sea water; 2) Mangrove
forest would reduce and affect ecosystem of some aquacultural species; 3) Due to strong
rainfall intensity, salt concentration of seawater would reduce by 10 - 20% during a long
period (it could prolong from some days to some weeks). As a result, brackish water and
coastal living creatures, especially, dual crust mollusks (like arca, oyster, etc.) would die
massively because they could not stand against changes of salt concentration.
(xi) For coastal zone, sea level rise by 1m would cause inundation, particularly in the
Mekong delta, wet land in coastal zone of Viet Nam. The coastal population would be
affected by annual flood and inundation, especially in the Mekong River delta.
From mentioned above following outlooks on menace of drought, desertification and
poverty would be emphasized:
(i) At the delta in the regions of barren soil, barren desertification would be developed.
The barren land would down to the coastal delta.
(ii) Meanwhile, in the coastal delta saline desert would developed in the field.
According two tendency of development desertification process would threat alluvial belt of
delta.
(iii) In the mountains and midlands together with increasing of land degradation due to
unsuitable farming and settle the percentage of abandoned land would large. So, the struggle
for poverty reduction would face more challenge.
(iv) It would be estimated that, behaviors of desertification process in the next decades
are approximate or higher than last 90 decade.
The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE) has state function and
mandate to manage land, water, mineral resources, environment, meteorology and hydrology,
geodesy and mapping over country.
Due to many objective reasons, up to now, in the MONRE have not condition to
establish a national and regional system in order to undertake synchronized, timely and strong
activities in monitoring, early warning, prediction, as well as preventing, combating and
mitigating impact of drought and desertification.
Therefore, management capability of MONRE in exploitation of land, water and
climate resources to serve planning agriculture - forestry - aquaculture production, shifting
crop pattern, cropping systems, livestock, as well as in conducting measures for preventing
and combating drought and desertification are still limited. Activities in propaganda,
education, improving public awareness on prevention, combating to drought and
desertification, as well as environment protection are not popularized widely. So, effects of
89
Ministry's activities in serving development, improving life standards and eliminate poverty
in those regions are not high.
With mentioned consideration, it is neccessary to propose the project " Establishment
of national and regional system for monitoring, early warning, and prediction of drought,
desertification and poverty elimination in Southern Central and Central Highland " to
strengthen capability and facility of Ministry Natural Resources and Environment, as well as
government offices from central to regional institutions in preventing, combating drought,
desertification and poverty elimination.
2.2 Objectives of project:
2.2.1 Short term objectives:
• Strengthen capability of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment in monitoring
drought, desertification and eliminate poverty in Vietnam.
• Establish national and regional system for monitoring, early warning, predicting drought
and eliminating poverty in Vietnam.
• Develop feasible measures for mitigating impact of drought to agriculture-forestryagriculture production in regions affected by drought and land degradation in order to
ensure food security and release poverty.
• Establish close and permanent relationship between functional national and international
agencies in activities of preventing, combating and mitigating impacts of drought,
desertification and poverty reduction.
• Upgrading public aware of prevention, combating and mitigation of drought,
desertification, poverty reduction and environment protection.
2.2.2 Long term objectives:
Prevent and eliminate desertification process in drought, degraded land regions of
Vietnam.
Participate in building sustainable development agriculture, increase productivity of
degraded land, recover, protect and sustainable manage land, water, climate resources in order
to improve living standard and towards elimination of poverty for peoples in regions affected
drought and desertification.
Participate in successful implementation of UN Convention to Desertification in close
cooperation with Convention of Climate Change and Convention of Biological Diversity in
Vietnam.
90
Table 1. Current land area vunenable to drought in 19 provinces in Vietnam up to 2000
Unit: ha
No
Land types
Total area of natural land
I
II
Central
Mekong
Southern
highland
delta
East region
regions
region
5447450
2354456
3971232
Farm land
3860271
707516
133042
202585
270884
870527
922127
753570
Burnt -over-land
644443
380345
205
20166
81380
144680
8161
9506
Garden land
628464
128317
53197
103002
80600
66134
79897
117317
Land for perennial crop
2181943
151196
19446
53421
92532
652855
815096
397377
Grassland
37575
17261
1701
9609
2642
3978
2366
18
Land for aquaculture
367846
30397
58493
16387
13730
2880
16607
229352
Forest land
1810255
714084
59326
344063
225110
75406
136073
256193
Land for forestation
1809853
713956
59284
343943
225043
75385
136073
256169
402
128
42
120
67
21
0
24
Unused land
8657995
4119771
104231
1692896
1505250
978099
118974
138774
Unused flat land
589374
54842
26321
115095
180654
63146
47548
101768
Unused hill land
7694057
3938507
31618
1505034
1272910
879777
55193
11018
Unused land of water surface
148634
23297
28311
46742
22146
4979
9917
13242
Other unused land
225930
103125
17981
26025
29540
30197
6316
12746
14328521
5541371
296599
2239544
2001244
1924032
1177174
1148537
43.5%
54.9%
20.1%
43.5%
45.2%
35.3%
50.0%
28.9%
Land for seedling forests
III
Southern
Total land
Southern
mountain Red river NorthernC
area for
Central
and
delta
entral
whole
Coastal
midland
region
regions
country (ha)
regions
regions
32924060 10098684 1476595 5150069 4425574
Total
Compared with natural area
In which (%)
1
Farm land
11.7%
7.0%
9.0%
3.9%
6.1%
16.0%
39.2%
19.0%
2
Forest land
5.5%
7.1%
4.0%
6.7%
5.1%
1.4%
5.8%
6.5%
3
Unused land
26.3%
40.8%
7.1%
32.9%
34.0%
18.0%
5.1%
3.5%
Total:
43.5%
54.9%
20.1%
43.5%
45.2%
35.3%
50.0%
28.9%
Resource: National Institute of Agricultural Planning and Projection. Vietnam, 61 provinces and
cities. Agriculture Publishing House. Hanoi, 2001.
91
Table 2. Population, incomes, land area vunenable to desertification (DES) and percentage of
hungry and poverty up to 2000 and 2010 in some provinces affected drought in Vietnam.
No
Current status up to 2000
Provinces
To 2010
Incom in Land area
Number Percentage
Percentage
Population Total area
agriculture vunenable GDP of man in of hungry GDP of hungry
(1000), at of natural
sector
to DS
(USD)
rural and poverty (USD) and poverty
2001
land (km2)
(%)
(1000 ha)
(1000)
(%)
(%)
1
Lai Chau
616.3
16919.2
42.0
208,9
144
540,0
24
450
15
2
Son La
922.2
14055.0
51.7
615,0
150
770,0
24
450
5
3
Hoa Binh
774.1
4749.4
51.2
170,0
250
661,0
15
500
5
4
Thanh Hoa
3509.6
11168.3
42.0
291
3149,2
22
900
7-8
5
Nghe An
2913.8
16382.3
44.7
205
2591.8
15
700
8
6
Ha Tinh
1284.9
6055.8
50.8
200
1154,0
15
300
5
7
Quang Binh
812.5
8037.6
37.0
226,3
192
708,0
15
385
5
8
Quang Tri
588.5
4651.3
48.4
281,4
190
438,6
13,5
500
5-7
9
Thua Thien Hue
1078.9
5009.2
25.7
196,81
376
752,9
10
1200
10
Quang Nam
1402.7
10405.1
46.0
391,1
300
1176,5
15
513
5
11
Quang Ngai
1206.4
5115.3
43.3
337,4
192
1059,5
19
450
12
12
Binh Dinh
1492.3
6025.6
65.5
204,9
350
1110,5
12.25
750
13
Ninh Thuan
531.7
3352.3
38.1
300
387,0
13,2
500
5
14
15
16
Binh Thuan
§ac Lac
Gia Lai
1079.7
1901.4
1048.0
7848.6
19534.6
15495.7
38.1
74.4
55.5
300
200
275
809.78
1426.1
750,0
10
18
16
700
500
500
5
10
10
17
Kon Tum
330.7
9614.4
74.5
182
222,52
20
500
5
18
An Giang
2099.4
3406.2
50.6
304
1686,4
10
1000
5
19
Kien Giang
1542.8
6245.7
51.0
372
1207,0
10
800
2
TOTAL
25135.9
174071.6
608,62
126,92
351,55
70,0
Resource: General planning of Vietnam's Socio & Economic development), Vol.1 & 2.
National Publishing House Polytic. Hanoi, 2002.
92
Table 3. Climate change scenarios in Viet Nam
Factors
Temperature is
increasing (0C)
Region
Northwest, Northern
North
Northern plain
North of Central
Middle of Central
South of Central
High land
South
Northwest, Northern
North
Northern plain
North of Central
Rainfall amount is
increasing (+)
or decreasing (-)
(%)
Middle of Central
Northern part of
South Central
Southern part of
South Central
Central High land
South
Sea level rise (cm)
All coastal line
Season
of
of
Rainy
Dry
Rainy
Dry
Rainy
Dry
Rainy
Dry
Rainy
Dry
Rainy
Dry
Rainy
Dry
Rainy
Dry
-
2010
2050
2070
0.5
1.8
2.5
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.5
0.3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.8
1.1
0-+5
-5-+5
0-+5
-5-+5
0-+10
0-+5
0-+10
0-+5
0-+10
0-+5
0-+5
-5-+5
0-+5
-5-+5
0-+5
-5-+5
33
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
2.5
1.5
0-+5
-5-+5
0-+5
-5-+5
0-+10
0-+5
0-+10
0-+5
0-+10
0-+5
0-+5
-5-+5
0-+5
-5-+5
0-+5
-5-+5
45
Resource: Vietnam initial national communication. Submitted to the United Nations.
Framework Convention on Climate Change. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
of S.R. Viet Nam. Ha Noi, March 2003.
2.3 Concrete contents of project:
2.3.1 Case study of science and technology
a. Contents of implementation:
• Investigation, evaluation of status and causes drought, desertification and poverty in
Vietnam.
• Assessment of impact range of drought and land degradation to desertification process and
poverty menace in affected regions.
• Analyze, assessment of effectiveness of measures for preventing, combating drought,
desertification and poverty reduction undertaken in Vietnam.
• Develop and improve methodologies for early warning and prediction of meteorological,
agronomical and hydrological drought in Vietnam.
• Develop and improve methodologies for agrometeorological early warning and prediction
of crop yield, failure and poverty danger in affected regions.
• Develop combined methodologies of drought prediction with crop, as well as animal
insurances for drought and desert regions.
• Investigate capability of using traditional experiences in drought regions for early warning
drought and failure and poverty.
93
• Research tendency of desertification in arid and sub-arid regions due to climatic and
hydrological causes.
• Agroclimatic zoning and clasification of agroclimatic subzones for arid and sub-arid
regions.
• Research capability of applicating remote sensing and GIS technologies in early warning,
prediction and monitoring drought, desertification, failure, and poverty.
b. Expected outputs:
• A assessment report on status and menace of drought, desertification, poverty in arid and
subarid regions of Vietnam.
• A evaluation report on effects of used measures for preventing, combating drought,
desertification, poverty in Vietnam.
• Hydrometeorological methodologies and technologies of monitoring, early warning and
predicting meteorological, agronomical and hydrological drought in Vietnam.
• Develop technologies for management, monitoring hydrometeorological
environment, drought, desert land, crop failure, hungry and poverty danger.
condition,
2.3.2 . Contents of implementation:
a. Develop technologies for monitoring and management drought in arid, subarid and desert
land:
• Develop technologies for early warning and prediction of meteorological drought.
• Develop technologies for early warning and prediction of agronomical drought.
• Develop technologies for early warning and prediction of hydrological drought.
• Develop remote sensing and GIS technologies for assessment and monitoring desert land.
• Develop remote sensing and GIS technologies for early warning, prediction and monitoring
drought and desert land.
b. Expected outputs:
• Technologies for early warning and prediction of meteorological drought.
• Technologies for early warning and prediction of agronomical drought.
• Technologies for early warning and prediction of hydrological drought.
• Remote sensing and GIS technologies for assessment and monitoring desert land.
• Remote sensing and GIS technologies for early warning, prediction and monitoring
drought and desert land.
2.3.2.2 Develop agrometeorological technologies for monitoring and management of hungry and
poverty menaces in arid, subarid and desert regions
a. Contents of implementation:
94
1) Develop agrometeorological technologies for early warning, and prediction of crop yield in arid and
subarid using remote sensing and GIS technologies.
2) Develop agrometeorological technologies for assessment and early warning crop failure, crop and animal
insurance in arid and subarid regions using remote sensing and GIS.
b. Expected outputs:
1) Agrometeorological technologies for early warning, and prediction of crop yield in arid
and subarid using remote sensing and GIS technologies.
2) Agrometeorological technologies for assessment and early warning crop failure, crop and
animal insurance in arid and subarid regions using remote sensing and GIS.
3) Undertake measures for preventing and mitigating impacts of drought and desertification
a. Contents of implementation:
2.3.3.1 Strengthen capability of MONRE (Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, Department for Water
resources management, Department for Environment Protection) in undertaking measures for
preventing and mitigating impacts of drought and desertification, including:
•
Rain making to enhance rainfall in the beginning and ending of rain season, release catastrophic
rainfall.
•
Optimal utilization of agroclimatic, water resources and environment for developing
agriculture - forestry - aquaculture in arid and sub arid regions, consist of:
•
Shifting crop pattern and calendar; using high drought-tolerance crops and animals.
•
Determine optimal sowing and planting in the arid and sub arid regions.
•
Determine silviculture models suitable to agroclimatic conditions, land and water
resourses.
•
Agroclimatic base for planning livestock and grassland regions suitable with climate,
land and water resources.
•
Determine suitable pasture season for cattle and buffalo.
•
Determine optimal sowing and planting days for new forestation.
•
Agroclimatic base for planning settlement and settle farming regions.
•
Optimal planning and protection of aquaculture production, especially fresh and brackish
water, as well as regions of salt production.
Develop 5 demonstration model types of agriculture, silviculture and aquaculture, as well as
poverty reduction suitable for arid, sub arid and desert regions in Southern Central region and
Central Highland (Tay Nguyen), including:
•
Agricultural crop farming on slope lands;
•
Combined Agricultural and livestock models;
•
Models for crop rotation - pasture,
•
Models for fishering farming in the sandy coastal zones of Southern Central region.
•
Combined models of agriculture production and fruit gardens
b. Expected outputs:
95
•
Enhanced total of rainfall in the beginning and ending of rain season, prevented catastrophic
rainfall.
• Suitable models of agriculture, silviculture and aquaculture production, as well as poverty
reduction with high productivity and economic benefits for arid, sub arid and desert regions
in Southern Central region and Central Highland (Tay Nguyen).
• Agroclimatic base for planning agriculture production, livestock and grassland regions
suitable with climate, land and water resources.
• Agroclimatic base for planning settlement and settle farming suitable with agroclimatic and
land resources in the regions.
2.3.4 Pilot measure application of hydrometeorological, land and environment management for
poverty reduction
In the frame of the project, the MONRE (Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, Department
for Water resources management, Department for Environment Protection) would cooperate with
concerning institutions od Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) to carry out pilot
measures for hydrometeorological, land and environment management, for poverty reduction.
a. Contents of implementation:
•
Establish a national and regional information system for drought monitoring, early warning
and prediction, poverty reduction in Southern Central region and Central Highland
(Tay Nguyen).
•
Pilot application of crop and animal insurance and substance standard for poverty
reduction in the two project regions.
•
Regularly supply information on crop forecasted yield, manece of failure and poverty
in the project regions for concerning agencies, experts in policy and decision making,
agriculture production, poverty reduction.
•
Combine, integrate programs of preventing and combating drought, desertification with
programs of socio-economic development, program No. 327, program No.135,
program of food security in order to strengthen program of hungry elimination poverty reduction in project zones.
b. Expected outputs:
1) A national and regional information system for drought monitoring, early warning and
prediction, poverty reduction in Southern Central region and Central Highland (Tay
Nguyen).
2) Pilot results of crop and animal insurance and substance standard for hungry
elimination - poverty reduction in the two project regions.
3) Information on crop forecasted yield, manece of failure and poverty in the project
regions for concerning agencies and experts.
4) A strengthened program for preventing and combating drought, desertification, hungry
elimination-poverty reduction in project zones with closely combination and integrattion of
4 mentioned programs of socio-economic and agriculture production development and
food security.
96
2.3.5 Development of national strategy on exploitation of natural resources and environment
serving socio-economic development, prevention and combating drought,
desertification, hungry elimination-poverty reduction in Vietnam.
a. Contents of implementation:
1) Develop strategy on optimal exploitation of natural resources (land, climate, and
water) to strengthen prevention, combating drought, desertification by modality of
combination, integration of natural resources exploitation programs with socioeconomic, agriculture production development, hungry elimination - poverty reduction
programs in Vietnam.
2) Agroclimatic zoning for arid and sub arid regions in Vietnam.
3) Improving agroclimatic base for attraction of investments for agriculture, forestry,
irrigation, husbandry, aquaculture development in order to promoting living standards and
towards eliminate hungry and reduce poverty in arid and sub arid regions of Vietnam.
4) Establish Center for drought and desertification monitoring, eliminating hungry
reducing poverty at the MONRE with undertaking pilot application of the project
results. The targets of the Centre would be as following:
(1) Carry out drought early warning and prediction in year and each crop season;
(2) Supply information on drought, failure, hungry and poverty dangers to concerning
agencies and experts at central and regional levels.
(3) Crop and animal insurance information .
b. Expected outputs:
1) Strategy on optimal exploitation of natural resources (land, climate, and water) to
strengthen prevention, combating drought, desertification by modality of combination,
integration of natural resources exploitation programs with socio-economic,
agriculture production development, hungry elimination - poverty reduction programs
in Vietnam.
2) Agroclimatic zoning for arid and sub arid regions in Vietnam.
3) Agroclimatic base for attraction of investments for agriculture, forestry, irrigation,
husbandry, aquaculture development in order to promoting living standards and
towards eliminate hungry and reduce poverty in arid and sub arid regions of Vietnam.
4) A Center at the MONRE for monitoring and management information on drought and
desertification, eliminating hungry reducing poverty in Southern Central and Tay
Nguyen Highland.
2.3 Proposed fund: 1.200.000 USD
2.4.1 Not return fund (ODA):
1.000.000 USD
2.4.2 Response local fund from the Vietnam Government: 200.000 USD
III. ANALYSIS OF PROJECT EFFECT
3.1 Primary evaluation of finance benefit:
1)
It is might foreseen that, the project would bring following finance benefit, such as: 1)
As summarized by experts of World Meteorological Organization (WMO), over the
world, almost 75% natural calamities are climatic - hydrological one. Investment for
hydrometeorological forecast activities, especially climatic-hydrological calamity
97
forecast (typhoon, drought, flood, inundation) and agrometeorological forecasts often
bring economic benefits in tens times in comparison with inputs. Then, the drought warning,
predicting and monitoring system would mitigate a lot of material and human damages,
in one hand, and bring great finance benefits, in other hand.
2)
Apart from this, the system would help peoples in agriculture, forestry, husbandry,
aquaculture sectors in arrangement rational measures and activities, both mitigate inputs
for combating drought and increasing crop , animal yield, and protect environment. So
it would bring a lot of economic benefits, also.
3.2 Social effects:
1) The capability of the MONRE in early warning, predicting and monitoring drought,
crop failure, hungry and poverty for Southern Central and Central Highland could be
strengthened. Apart from this, the MONRE would be more able in direct
participation to the National Action program for hungry elimination and poverty
reduction in whole country, as well as in abovementioned regions.
2) Directly contribute to stabilize and develop agriculture, forestry, aquaculture
production, as well as promote living standard in affected regions by drought and
desertification.
3) Hungry and poverty in project regions will be gradually overcome.
3.3 Environment effect:
1)
Peoples in the project regions have chances both to participate to improve and protect
land, water, climate, forest and ecological environment and directly to undertake
strategy of sustainable development.
2)
Knowledge and aware of commodity on United Nations Convention to Combat
Desertification, Convention on Biological Diversity and Convention on Climate
Change would be enhanced, its senses and obligation to protect living environment
would be and upgraded developed
3.4 Sustainability of project in the next development stage:
1)
The outputs of project would be maintained for long time because its are very useful for
struggle both to drought, desertification, hungry elimination, poverty reduction and socioeconomic development in the two mentioned regions.
2)
With deeply and comprehensive impact of climate change, menaces of drought and
desertification are more interested. Agriculture, silviculture, forestry and aquaculture
are facing more challenges. So, measures, which would developed in this project for
Southern Central and Central Highland would be used for long time and to be very
important and useful for developing and setting up likewise ones for other regions in
whole country.
98
SUMMARY
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FUNDING PROPOSAL VN-04-SCC1
A.
COUNTRY
Vietnam
B.
PROJECT
Research and evaluation of the geo-environmental factors that impact on
desertification process in coastal range of southern central Vietnam.
C.
PROJECT SUMMARY
The project has three objectives: (a) Determining the environmental situation of soil,
water, oceanic climate, hydrology and vegetation cover, focusing on the factors
relating with the arising and developing process of desertification; (b) Assessing the
above characters and impacts on desertification process; (c) Proposing the solution to
limit and prevent and then push back the desertification process occuring in the study
area.
D.
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE SUMMARY
The proposed grant would finance to (a) collect, classify and assess the situation of
natural and social conditions that are impacting on soil and water environment in the
study area; (b) observe, measure, survey and collect the samples for analysis in order
to assess natural factors (oceanic climate, hydrology, vegetation and the change of
pollution processes and salt water penetration); (c) compile the map of environmental
situation of coastal zone of south central part, the map of zoning of forecasting the
environmental change and the capability of reasonable use and development of the
area; (d) propose the reasonable solution of use and development aimed to limit and
push back the desertification processes that are serious danger occurring in the coastal
zone of Khanh Hoa, Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan provinces .
E.
AMOUNT OF GRANT REQUESTED
US$ 150,000
99
Research and evaluation of the geo-environmental factors that impacting on
desertation process in coastal range of south central Vietnam
Research Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources
1. PROJECT’S GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1. Name of project: Research and evaluation of the geo-environmental factors that
impacting on desertation process in coastal range of south central Vietnam.
1.2. Location of project: The provinces of Khanh Hoa, Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan.
1.3. The field of project: Environmental Geology
1.4. The organization: Research Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources (RIGMR)
1.5. Project owner.
- Proposal person: Dr. Pham Van Thanh - RIGMR
- Address:
Km9, Nguyen Trai Road, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, VIETNAM.
Office tel: 04.8546711. Home tel: 04.5650891
Fax: 04.8542125. Email: [email protected]
1.6. Total anticipated value of project: 150,000 USD (transfer rate: 1 USD = 15,800 VND).
In which:
- ODA fund: 150,000 USD
- Corresponding fund: 0
1.7. Project classification: non-refund ODA
1.8. Time to start and end the project: From June, 2005 to June, 2007.
1.9. Proposal of foreign finance and selecting reason:
- This is an interdisciplinary project relating to many fields such as: Geology, Environment,
Meteorology, Forestry and Agriculture...
- Requirements to use different methods of study, technologies of different sciences.
- Requirements to cooperate, technical support, high accurate analysis methods, working
means and training.
2. CONTENT OF ODA PROJECT
2.1 The necessary of project
The coastal zone of Khanh Hoa, Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan is a center of dry and
drought region that is nearly unique existing dry and drought region in Vietnam territory. The
100
desertification process usually occurs in the dry and drought region. The main reason is
natural condition that consists of terrains, geological structures, dry and drought character
depending on the climate, limited water resources. In the other hand, the water resources is
not only lacked but also polluted, brackish due to seawater penetration caused the quality
reduction and use capability limitation for trees and domestic animal contributing to make
more seriously and push the desertification processes faster.
The research on status and important typical factors (climate change status, geoenvironmental conditions, situation and development of agricultural and forestry situation) in
relation with the development capability of desertification processes in coastal zone of Khanh
Hoa, Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan provinces is very urgent demand. The study result will be a
base for mitigation of damaging effect of natural condition, limitation and then push back
desertification processes that is occurring in the study area.
2.2. The objectives of project
a. Short term objective.
-
Determining the environmental situation of soil, water, oceanic climate, hydrology
and vegetation cover. Focusing on the factors relating with the arising and developing
process of desertification.
-
Assessing the above characters and impacts on desertification process.
-
Proposing the solution to limit and prevent and then push back the desertification
processes occurring in the study area.
b. Long term objective.
-
To determine the typical characters for monitoring the change of oceanic climate,
hydrology, pollution process, salt penetration spatially and temporally.
-
Creating the anticipated models of arising and developing capability of desertification
process.
-
Proposing the suitable plan of development and use of the territory aimed to
sustainable protect the environment and resources.
2.3. The content of project
a. Implementing methods.
-
Collect, classify and assess the situation of natural and social conditions that are
impacting on soil and water environment in the study area.
-
Observe, measure, survey and collect the samples for analysis in order to assess
natural factors (oceanic climate, hydrology, vegetation and the change of pollution
processes and salt water penetration).
-
Compile the map of environmental situation of coastal zone of south central part, the
map of zoning of forecasting the environmental change and the capability of
reasonable use and development of the area.
101
-
Propose the reasonable solution of use and development aimed to limit and push back
the desertification processes that are serious danger occurring in the coastal zone of
Khanh Hoa, Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan provinces.
b. Implementing methods and management.
-
Establish the project in cooperation with interdisciplinary experts and associated
closely with local provinces in order to have reasonable study technology.
-
The project will be implemented, managed, guided and checked by RIGMR (Ministry
of Natural Resources and Environment - MONRE).
c. Community participation in implement and management of project.
-
After approval, the project will be cooperated with related organization of MONRE,
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, provinces and related careers aimed
to collect the data, survey deployment, supply the situation of natural environmental
changes in the study area. The project will employ the local labor sources, means and
implementing equipments to reduce the investment expenses and increase the practical
data.
-
The science and practice of study results will be thoroughly promoted because the
study results are always associated with practices.
2.4. Anticipated fund, in which:
-
Non-refund: 150,000 USD
-
Corresponding fund: ?
2.5 The plan to implement project.
-
From Jan. to Mar. of 2005: Collecting data, preparing the draft of research and
approval.
-
From June to Dec. of 2006: Fieldwork, collecting and analyzing samples, collecting
and processing data.
-
From Jan. to June of 2007: Summarize and write the report, approve and hand over the
study results.
3. ANALYSIS OF PROJECT EFFECT.
3.1 Preliminary evaluation of financial effect.
- The available sources of data on geology and mineral resources, hydrogeology,
climate, plan of agriculture, forestry and fishery development, environmental geology.
geological hazard, groundwater pollution and salting have given us the basic features of
natural trend of environmental change in coastal zone of Khanh Hoa, Ninh Thuan and Binh
Thuan provinces. The development of desertification process caused by many different
causes have reduced significantly the financial investment.
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- The study result will warn the hazardous risks, limit the possible event that can cause
the damage of people and property.
- Based on the changing rules of environmental event, the effective methods of
development, use and sustainable environmental protection have been proposed. The big
economic benefits will be created for society and nature.
3.2. Social effect.
- The study result is a scientific base for management of reasonable use and
development, warning for the possible hazard, proposing the reasonable solution that help to
use and protect safely water source, supplying the social requirements, upgrading the live
quality.
- Stop and prevent some local teases that relates environmental condition of
fishermen.
- The significant base for the plan of urban residents, urban, export - import zone,
focusing economic zones that change the residential structures and upgrading the life standard
and awareness of the entire society.
3.3. Environmental effects.
- The study result is scientific base for the proposal and improve of soil and water
environment and for ensuring to maintain and develop the vegetation cover.
- Pure, clean and plentiful environment of water are good for regulating the micro
climate, improving the environmental condition and upgrading the quality of water and soil
environment...
- The scientific bases for the planning and changing the domestic animals and plants
are suitable with natural condition aiming to effectively develop and sustainably protect the
environment and resources.
- Warning in advance and contributing into prevent the hazardous risks, hazards and
limiting their damaging effects.
3.4. The strong character of project in the next development.
- The oceanic climate, hydrology, weather and water are the environment that can be
usually changed and very sensitive with natural condition so the quality is spatially and
temporally very changeable. Consequently, the research and observing situation and quality
of natural environment are the work that need to be carried out regularly, constantly and
synchronously.
- This kind of project need to be continued to study, regularly evaluate, maintain the
observation of quality and dynamic of water resources. The forecasted model of
environmental changes must be maintained in the development process of the society.
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SUMMARY
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FUNDING PROPOSAL VN-04-QB1
A.
COUNTRY
Vietnam
B.
PROJECT
Developing the green village model in the desertified sand glade at Phap Ke village,
Quang Xuong commune, Quang Trach district of Quang Binh province.
C.
PROJECT SUMMARY
The project will support to: (a) investigate, analyze and evaluate actual status of
desertified area in order to have a basis for enhancement of capacity of local
community and clarify outstanding matters and causes to desertification, (b) establish
model of Green Village and technology and solutions on combating desertification in
Phap Ke hamlet, Quang Phuong commune; (c) set up related mechanism and policies
related to combating desertification.
D.
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE SUMMARY
The proposed grant would finance to establish model of Green Village in desertified
sand glade for the whole of Phap Ke hamlet, with total area of 320 ha. This will be a
collective model in combating desertification, including solutions in agriculture,
forestry, irrigation and soil improvement. Make underground water patch for paddy
field for reducing acidity and construct internal field transport system. Define
investment ratio. Propose policy for creating a sustainable Green Village
E.
AMOUNT OF GRANT REQUESTED
US$ 454,000
104
Developing the green village model in the desertified sand glade at
Phap Ke village, Quang Xuong commune, Quang Trach district
Quang Binh province
The Consulting Center for Environment-Resources and Rural Poverty Alleviation
I. THE PROJECT DOCUMENT
1.1 The project name: Developing the green village model in the desertified sand glade at
Phap Ke village, Quang Xuong commune, Quang Trach district of Quang Binh province.
1.2 The project field: Developing a green environment for anti-desertification
1.3 Partnership: The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) and the
National Forestry Department
1.4 The non-governmental implementing agency: The Consulting Center for EnvironmentResources and Rural Poverty Alleviation and local communities in Quang Xuong commune,
Bo Trach district of Quang Binh province.
1.5 The international implementing agency:
1.6 The proposed starting time: July 2004
1.7 The proposed finishing time: December 2006
1.8 The proposed total budget:
USD 499,400
International donation:
USD 454,000
Contribution from local community: USD 45,000
II. THE PROJECT
2.1. The project rational
The coastal sandy land area of Quang Binh belongs to Central Vietnam, which lasts
from the bottom of Deo Ngang (Cross Pass) to the South of Le Ninh district along a coast of
130 km length making the total area of 39,125ha. This is an area most affected by
desertification in the North part of Central Vietnam.
This desertification is devided into 2 categories: sand dunes (or sand islets) covering
an area of 14,125 ha and sand glades intermixed with weed glades to be called as Savanah,
which cover an area of 25,000 ha.
Sand islets have the height of from 5-6m to 30-40m with steeply slope of 40-500
towards the territory to the East Sea. Sand islets and glades here are poor with incoherent
structure and absorbent characteristics so, the floristic composition here is of bad
desertification.
105
In rainy season, strong wind from the coast blows to the territory making sand storms
burying houses and gardens and this causes great damages to traffic, irrigation and
agricultural infrastructure. In dry season, the climate is dry and sunny with hot southwest
wind of strong blowing force creating an extreme sub-climate. Drought lasts and plants
become wilted causing desertification. Severe weather along with old monoculture practices
and farming land violation activities push local people to poverty.
So the green village model in sand glades is useful in preventing moving sands from
invading crop fields and infrastructure facilities to improve the desertified land area in the
Central coastal region in general and in Quang Binh province in particular. This also helps
bring about a stable life and increasingly improved living conditions for local people.
2.2. The project theme and fields
2.2.1. The concept of green village
A green village is a population community living in the same area with the same
floristic population comprising groups of forest trees and crops that have the capability
against and adapt to extreme climatic and soil conditions under the influence of the
interactions among different populations. These interactions help to develop a society
population where we will have a sustainable green village.
Conversely, if in the desertified land area, local people continue to cut down forest
trees, exhaust water sources and let the soil dried, there will not be a green village.
The main fields
2.2.2(1). To make surveys on and evaluate the real desertification situation in Quang Trach
district in terms of natural, geographical and soil conditions and the floristic composition to
find out key factors and reasons making sand islets and glades as well as anti-desertification
traditional and modern experiences in the locality.
2.2.2(2). Building up the green village model for one village of Quang Phuong commune of
Quang Trach district. The model is useful in preventing moving sand by planting green belts
and enriching sand glades by agricultural methods. The combination of agriculture, small
irrigation and soil development also helps to improve the environment for the desertified area,
contribute to poverty reduction and increase the living conditions for indigenous people.
2.2.2(3). Through the green village model, the capacity of indigenous communities are
increased by training courses, meetings, discussions and experience exchange with aim at
conducting the selection and plantation of a group of agro-forest trees and crops with the
capability against the extreme climate to effectively bring about the ecological green land.
2.2.2(4). This unique green village model in Quang Trach will be replicated to other localities
to improve the whole desertified land area in the central coastal region of Vietnam. Once the
project is implemented sucessfully, it will bring about reputation for international
governments and organizations who are active in Vietnam and support for this green village
model.
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2.3. The applying agency
2.3.1. The Forestry Department - MARD
The Forestry Department takes the responsibility to coordinate the implementation of
the International Convention on Anti-desertification in Vietnam. The department has a
permanent secretarial board with experienced experts and professional staff with the role of
institutionalizing the anti-desertification national programme and international donations.
The Department is also responsible for ensuring the integration of the antidesertification programme into other programmes relating to afforestation, environment
protection, soil erosion prevention and small irrigation, etc is done in a harmonious way.
Contact person:
Ms. Pham Minh Thoa
Address:
No.2 Ngoc Ha street - Ba Dinh district
Tel:
84.4.8438814
Fax:
84.4.8438793
Email:
[email protected]
2.4. The implementing agency
2. 4.1. The implementing agency
The Consulting Center for Environment-Resources and Rural Poverty Alleviation
(CERPA) is a non-governmental organization with Operation Liscence No. A042 issued by
the Ministry of Sciences and Technology. Members of the center are various famous
scientists and experts with professional expertise in the fields of natural resources and
environment. Some of them were awarded with Ho Chi Minh prize including Ph.D. Do Dinh
Thuan (soil expert) and Le Thi Hoang To with Kovalepskaia award. Many experts used to
take part in anti-desertification research themes including:
• Ph. D. Cao Vinh Hai, Impacts of Extreme Climate on Forest and Biodiversity in Vietnam,
International Seminar on Extreme Climate, Hanoi, June 2000
• Ph.D. Cao Vinh Hai, Ph.D. Nguyen Hong Quan, Ph.D. Do Dinh Sam, Drought and
Desertification Situations in Vietnam, 2001
• Ph.D. Cao Vinh Hai, Anti-desertification efforts in Vietnam, 2001
The project Building anti-desertification eco-village model in Hoa Thang commune, Bac Binh
district of Binh Thuan province funded by the Local Environment Fund, the Neitherland
Development Organization and implemented by CERPA, 2003.
Contact person:
Address:
Tel/Fax:
Ph.D. Cao Vinh Hai - the Director
No. 15 Do Ngoc Du - Hai Ba Trung district - Hanoi
84.4.8218451, Mobile: 0912311891
2.4.2. The co-implementing agency
The Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Quang Binh province
(DARD) and the population community in Phap Ke village, Quang Phuong commune of Bo
Trach district. This is the implementing agency at local level. The department has found out
some anti-desertification data and traditional experiences and these will be helpful in bringing
about the sucess of the project.
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Contact person:Mr. Tran Vinh Duc
Title:
Deputy Head of Aquaculture Service and Rural Development
Tel:
84.4.825429, Fax: 84.4.821673
III. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ABOUT THE PROJECT SITE
3.1. The rational of the project objectives and site
3.1.1. Quang Binh province and the whole coastal region of Vietnam have hundreds of ha of
white sand area in the forms of sand islets and Savanahs. So, improving this desertified land
area contributs much to the anti-desertification programme in Vietnam.
3.1.2. The project site will be in the white sand area in Quang Trach district, which is the head
of the total desertified landline in Central Vietnam. The most typical feature of the area is
sand islets are mixed with sand glades and Savanah. This feature represents all kinds of
coastal desertification in Vietnam.
3.1.3. The project site is 10km way from the Natioanal Highwary No.1, the most important
traffic route of Vietnam. So, the success of the model will bring about great fame and socioeconomic and political benefits.
3.2. Description of the project site
3.2.1. The total desertified area in Quang Trach province covers 2,765 ha including 1,025 ha
of sand islets and glades and 1,740 ha of white sand glades and Savanahs. The area is
bordered by Ron River in the North and Gianh River in the South. The East borders with the
East Sea and the West borders with Truong Son mountain range and Viet-Lao frontier.
3.2.2. Climate: The climate in Quang Trach has wet tropical characteristic with two specific
seasons: dry season and rainy season. The annual evarage rainfall is 1,932.9mm as mesured in
Ba Don station. The rainfall in rainy season (June to November) is 1,571.9 mm, representing
81.4% of the total annual rainfall.
The total annual evarage temprature is between 8,700 - 9,0000C. The daily average is between
24 - 250C. The highest temperature is between 42 - 450C (in May and June). The number of
days with hot and dry westerly wind is 40-45 per year.
Storms: The yearly average number of storms in the project site is 0.73 with 30-40m/s of
wind speed. Accompanying stomrs is heavy rains causing floods and sand-glade slide burying
infrastructure and irrigation works.
The annual average humidity is 83%. The average evaporation rate is 890 mm (equivalent to
the rainfall). The wet and dry climate creates favorable conditions for sand to move and
invade the territory.
3.3. Geographical and soil real situations
3.3.1. Geographical conditions: The coast runs from the North to the South, from the Ron
river mouth to the Gianh river mouth. Sand islets are extended to the south from the north
with 350 - 1200m width and 10m height. Among these sand islets are dark white sand glides
and Savanah. This is a hollow area with some places flat or waved, which are devided by
ponds or puddles with temporary flows from the west through the east to the sea.
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3.3.2. Soil: Sand glides and Savanah are of poor humus, nitrogenous and phosphat. Statistics
in 1990 show that humus rate is 0.04 - 0.06%, nitrogenous rate is 0.03 - 0.05% and phosphat
rate is 0.04 - 0.05% and potassium rate is 0.01 - 0.02%.
Soils are loose, easily absorbent and poor. In rainy seasons, soils are inundated partially. In
dry season, soils are dry so, it is difficult for crops to grow and develop.
3.4. The floristic composition
The floristic composition is mainly weed glades of which shape are changed by
seasons and ground water level. Where ground water is low, weed glades are only of 5-20 cm.
Where ground water level is high or in inundated area, weed glades have the average height
of 20 - 35 cm. In dry season, most of the weeds die or fade, scattering on white sand.
3.4.1. Weed Society: What often seen in hallow area are Fimbris quinquangularis (Vahl) Kunth.
This is a kind of drought-resistance weed suitable for alum wet sandy land
3.4.2. Weed society grow jumbly in the inundated land area for a short time. Besides Fimbris
quinquangularis (Vahl) Kunth, there is Fimbristylos Sericea R. Br of 15 cm height and Spinifex
littoreus Morr. of 30-40 cm height. And other kinds of weeds which have not been
investigated because of low quantity.
3.4.3. In the past years, due to the pressure of population growth, indegenous people reached to
these sand glades for agricultural production. They grow onions, sweet potatoes, maize and chilli
on this white sandy area. However, due to the lack of anti-desertification technology, their crops
produce low productivity and only in rainy season.
3.4.4 Forest trees: Some of forest seedlings were brought into the area by the Government with
aim at preventing moving sand. They are Acacia auriculiformis and Casuarina equiselifolia L,
which were grown on sand glades and islets and bring about first success.
3.5. Desertification
The project site lies in the central coastal region where have a narrow delta and the
Truong Son mountain range nearly approaching the sea. The temperature changes in the East
Sea and Western Truong Son creating dry and hot westerly wind, which cause crops faded
and sand move and invade the territory making a desertified land area of nearly 1,000km
along the central coastal region.
Rivers and streams are short with steep slope. The regulatory capacity of the basin is
low, so, after each rain, water is not kept creating floods by which sand and muds are swept
away to the sea. But, only in a few days later, the area becomes dry and cause drought.
Thus, wind from the East Sea is the main reason causing moving sand, which invade
the territory and bury fields. On the contrary, rains and floods sweep sand to the sea. And this
create a circle of sand moving. Furthermore, the sea current also accumulates sand and then,
wind will bring it into the territory. This is extremely severe desertification situation in
Central Vietnam.
Sand glades or Savanah lies among sand dunes or sand islets. In rainy season when the
ground water level is high, there always happen partial inundation in rainy season, which
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creates alum sandy region where pH degree is only 4 - 4.5 killing many kinds of crops by
alum. So, buiding a ditch and canal system to lower down the ground water level in rainy
season and ensure enough water in dry season is of great importance and need.
3.6. The socio-economic situations
3.6.1. Land use situation
The selected project site lies in Phap Ke village, Quang Phuong commune of Quang
Trach district, which is 4km from the sea, 9km from the National Highway A1 and 37km
from Dong Hoi town northeastward. It is in the center of the desertified area of sand glades
(called as inland sand by local people) in Quang Trach.
The whole village covers an area of 320.5 with an average area of 0.25 ha/household
ha, including 21.3 ha of farming land comprised by 19.2 ha of annual crops and 2.1 ha of fruit
trees (guavas, coconuts, mangoes, etc.). The afforested area covers 9ha of Acacia
auriculifornis) with the average area of 0.106 ha/household. Land tenure covers an area of 5.3
ha. Basic and other land areas cover 13.9ha and unused sand glades or Savanah cover 271 ha.
3.6.2. Population and income: There’s 85 households in the whole hamlet, of which 3 are
rich . Betterment and average: 50 households . Impoverishment: 32 households, equivalent to
38% of total.
Main income: by plantation of rice, peas, cassava, maize, pepper., etc. There are
around 18 households raising pick.
3.7. Reasons leading to land to be desertified and people living in hunger & poverty.
3.7.1. Reasons causing land desertified can mainly attributed to hard natural conditions, sandmoving cycle occurs frequently.
3.7.2. Technologies and solutions for combating desertification have not been summarized,
solutions for combating desertification have been implemented individually, only paying
attention to afforestation, without combination with suitable usage of land, land improvement
and irrigation works.
3.7.3. Intellectual standards are low, farming technique is mono-culture and capital for
production is in short.
Therefore, it is necessary to combine all above solutions and focus for investment, in
order to have a model for improvement of desert land.
IV. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT’S ACTIVITIES
4.1 Project’s target
To collect, analyze and evaluate scientifically actual status of sand glade, in order to
have a basis for making effective proposal on combating desertification. Based on that, to
establish model of Green Village in desertified sand glade, in order to help local community
to have a stable & improved life. To create conditions for multiplying the project’s model in
the following phases.
110
4.2. Project’s objectives
• To investigate, analyze and evaluate actual status of desertified area, in order to have a
basis for enhancement of capacity of local community and clarify outstanding matters and
causes to desertification, experience and technologies for combating desertification in
Vietnam and in the world.
• To establish model of Green Village on combating desertification in Phap Ke hamlet,
Quang Phuong commune. To support local people living sustainably in desertified area
with higher living standard.
• To establish technology and solutions for combating desertification in this area and for
possible multiplying to other similar areas by using synchronous solutions. “Select planted
trees and raised animals which can bear hot and drought. Improve soil and use irrigation
solution. Combine afforestation with improvement of intellectual standard”
• To set up related mechanism and policies related to combating desertification such as
investment ratio for combating desertification, organization, prioritized policy for people
living in desertified area., etc.
4.3. Expected outcomes
4.3.1. Investigate and collect basis figures about project’s area, actual status of desertified
area, including: topographic documents, soil, floristic composition, hydrology, hydrogeology, causes to desertification., etc. Traditional and advanced experience in fighting
desertification.
4.3.2. Select one group of agro-forestry trees with high quality and effectively resistant to dry
and hot area, and have economic value, to become a basis for establishment of a best model in
effectively using land.
4.3.3. Establish model of Green Village in desertified sand glade for the whole of Phap Ke
hamlet, with total area of over 320 ha.
This will be a collective model in combating desertification, including solutions in
agriculture, forestry, irrigation and soil improvement. Make underground water patch for
paddy field for reducing acidity and construct internal field transport system. Define
investment ratio. Propose policy for creating a sustainable Green Village.
4.3.4. Enhance capacity and transfer technology in combating desertification through training
classes and specific seminar for local community.
Summarize and withdraw experience for multiplying this model in large scale in the
following phases.
4.4. The Project’s activities.
4.4.1. Make basic investigation in project’s area concerning: topography, soil, climate,
hydrology, floristic composition, population and income, actual status of land use.
Causes, outstanding matters and traditional experience in combating desertification.
4.4.2. Meeting with local people before starting project, organizing seminal in desertified land
use with participation from scientists and local community.
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4.4.3. Site visit in the country and abroad for learning experience and technology in
combating desertification. Select tree seedling having high quality and suitable with
desertified area.
4.4.4. Establish model of Green Village in desertified sand glade through volunteer
professional association in afforestation, irrigation works, soil improvement, agriculture
trees., in order to achieve high quality for the model.
4.4.5. Training and seminal organizing for improvement of capacity of local community.
Experience and advanced technology in combating desertification.
4.4.6. Summarize project for multiplying in large scale in the following phases.
V. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AND MANAGEMENT.
5.1. Responsibilities of Government’s agencies.
Partners from Vietnamese Government in this project is Ministry of Agriculture &
Rural Development, through Department of Forestry (DoF) who is also national focal point
of UNCCD. DoF will be directly the co-ordinating and managing agency for Project on
“Green village model”.
DoF will act on behalf of MARD for controlling and managing project, in order to
ensure that the project will fully implement set-out objectives and meet expected outcomes.
5.2. The Consulting Center for Environment-Resources and Rural Poverty Alleviation
(CERPA).
CERPA is the organization responsible for making investigation and collecting data
which is the basis for this project. CERPA shall play the role of one consultant and be the
focal agency in supply data related to desertification, establishment solutions for combating
desertification and be mainly responsible for technology and technique in combating
desertification and for establishment of model.
5.3. Role of local beneficiaries.
Local community in Phap Ke hamlet and Quang Binh Dept., of Agriculture & Rural
development (DARD) shall be those who directly implement model of Green Village in
combating desertification. They will ensure that the model shall be established good quality
and having effective, price is in approved budget.
Phap Ke community shall volunteer to contribute more effort to the project, besides
funded parts, for project achieving higher quality.
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5.4. Results and Activities
Result 1: Investigate and collect basic data in desertified area in Quang Trach. It will help us
to clarify actual status and causes to desertification, outstanding matters for establishment of
solutions in combating desertification.
Activities
1-1 Measure of
topographical map,
scale 1:10000 for the
whole project area
(around 600 ha)
1-2
Investigate
desertified
soil
(around 200 samples)
1-3 Investigate natural
conditions,
socioeconomy of project’s
area.
1-4 Collect experience
and technology in
combating
desertification
When
Month 1 to
Month 2
Where
Phap Ke hamlet,
Quang Phuong
commune
Month 3 to ditto
month 4
Month 5 to ditto
month 6
By whom
Quang Binh
Environment &
Natural resources
Remarks
DFD and
CERPA
Soil
and ditto
Agriculture
Institute
CERPA + Quang DFD
Binh DARD
Month 5 to Central coastal area CERPA + DFD
month 6
+ documents.
Dep., of science
& technology
Result 2: To select a group of ago-forestry trees having high quality and resistant to dry sand,
hot climate and drought for a basis of establishing solutions in combating desertification.
Activities
When
2-1 Meeting with local people and Month 6
organize seminar about land-use
planning. Proposal is 170ha for
agriculture, 102ha for afforestation and
10ha for residential area. Canal and
reservoir/lake is 20ha.
2-2 Site visit to models on development Month 5
of ago-forestry tree in sandy land.
2-3 Scientific seminar on variety
screening & selecting, land-use model
for project on Green Village for
combating desertification.
2-4 Introduce a group of selected
variety for sand glade area.
Where
Quang
Phuong
commune
By whom
Remarks
CERPA+
DFD
Quang Binh
DARD
Binh Thuan, Quang Phuong ditto
Ninh Thuan, commune
+
Quang Tri
CERPA
+
DARD
ditto
Month 5
Quang Binh Scientists,
province
experts in soil,
agriculture,
forestry
+
CERPA
ditto
ditto
Month 5 Central
to month coastal area
+ documents.
6
113
Result 3: To establish model of Green Village in desertified sand glade by combining
synchronous and continuous models, in order to create a sustainable biological green model.
Activities
3-1 Model on plantation of green belt
for prevention of moving sand, 102
ha (1.2ha/household)
3-2 Construct paddy field and inner
irrigation system, dam embankment
to keep clean water + Reservoir/lake:
20ha
3-3
Model
of
agriculture
development: 2ha/household, with 1.5
ha reserved for annual trees and 0.5ha
for long term fruit trees.
3-4 Investment and organization of
production. Calculate investment ratio
for desertified area and propose
prioritized policies for desertified
region.
When
Where
By whom
Remarks
Month 7 to Phap Ke Hamlet’s people +
Month 20
hamlet
Quang Binh DARD +
Forestry sub-dep.,
Month 10 ditto
Hamlet’s people +
to month
Quang Binh DARD +
16
Forestry sub-dep., +
CERPA + Irrigation
Sub-dept.,
Month 8 to ditto
Hamlet’s people +
month 15
Quang Binh DARD +
Forestry sub-dep., +
Ago-extension Center
+ CERPA
Agriculture Economic
Month 24 Quang
Institute + CERPA
to month Binh
30
CERPA +
DFD
ditto
ditto
DFD
Result 4: Capacity enhancement and technology transfer on combating desertification through
seminar for local community – Summarization of the project and further multiply to following
phases.
Activities
4.1.
Capcity
building
and
technology
transfer
throught
training courses and workshops
a. Desertification situation in
Vietnam: experiences and solutions
b. Anti-desertificaion green village
model
c. Techniques and technology for
planting drought-resistance crops
and forest tress in desertifed land
area
d. Irrigation techniques, field
construction and land reclaimation
4.2. Project summarization, drawing
experiences, giving out solutions
and plans for the next phase
When
Where
Month 7 Quang Trach
to month commune
16
Month 7
Quang Trach
commune
Month 8
Quang Trach
commune
Month 9
Quang Trach
commune
Month 10
Month 29
By whom
Evaluate
CERPA - Quang DoF (formal
Binh DARD
DFD)
CERPA + leading DoF
consultants
CERPA + leading DoF
consultants
CERPA + leading DoF
consultants
Quang Trach CERPA + leading
commune
consultants
Dong Hoi
CERPA,
DFD, DoF
Quang
Binh MARD
DARD
and
VI. INPUT REQUIREMENTS:
6.1. Human force
6.1.1. International consultant: 2 people to begin, summarize and evaluate the project (2
periods of 15 days each with an interpreter.
6.1.2. Local consultants
114
There are totally 7 - 8 people of which
a. 2 from CERPA (1 Ph.D and 1 forestry researcher x 30 months)
b. 4 other consultants of different sectors for 6 months
c. 2 local consultants for 15 months
d. 2 project managing technicians for 30 months
6.2. Managing and implementing agencies
6.2.1. The Forestry Department on behalf of MARD to conduct and manage the proejct
6.2.2. CERPA is responsible for providing consulting services regarding anti-desertification
technology and techniques
6.2.3. Quang Binh provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Development and the
local community are responsible for implementing the model following the project contents.
6.2.4. Furthermore, the following organizations are also involved in making surveys,
providing consulting services and implementing the model: The Agro-chemistry and Soil
Institute, the Agicultural Economic Institute, The Irrigation Sub-deparment and the
Department of Environment and Natural Resources of Quang Binh province, Quang Binh
Crop Seedling Company, etc. They will take part in providing consulting services and
implementing project activities.
6.2. The project budget
Activities
Price unit: 1 USD
Explaination In detailed
Cost
Total budget
Result 1: Making basic surveys of the project site
1.1. Making 1:500 site map of 600ha
Mapping of 600ha x 20 USD/ha
1.2. Making survey on soils in the Making surveys, collecting samples,
desertified area with 160 samples
analysis and report making (160 samples
x 30 USD)
1.3. Analysis of the survey findings to 1 soil expert x 3 months x 500
enrich soils with wet-keeping subsistence USD/month
1.4. Making surveys of the socio-natural 2 consultants x 2 months x 500
conditions of the project site
USD/month
1.5. Gathering experiences and data on
anti-desertification
nationally
and
internationally
1.6. Making detailed project outline and 2 consultants x 2 months x 500
proposed budget
USD/month
1.7. Travel, DSA for basic survey period
(6 months)
Result 2: Land use planning and model design
2.1. International consultants
2 people x 0.5 months x 12,000 USD
Air tickets and hotel and travel
Payment and travel costs for Interpreter
1 month
2.2. Meeting among local people to - 3 days x 60 people x 5
implement the project and workshop on USD/person/month
desertifed land use planning
2.3. Agro-forestry models in dry sandy - Travel and accommodation for senior
land
and local consultants
24 people x 20USD/person x 5 days
499,400
43,300
12,000
4,800
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
20,000
31,500
12,000
12,000
1,000
900
2,400
115
2.4. Workshop on proper crop varieties 2 workshops will be held in Hanoi and
and green village model
Quang Binh 1,200 USD x 2 workshops
Result 3 : Model development
3.1. Planting forest belts to prevent Planting 102 ha of mixed forest in belts:
moving sand and keep water for soils
102 ha x 500 USD
3.2. On-field irrigation, watering 170 ha 170 ha x 400 USD
of land (using damps and wells)
3.3. On-field traffic and inter- 17 km x 7.000 USD
village/commune roads
3.4. Provision of crop varieties and 82 households x 300 USD/household
animal raising
3.5. Investment in improving desertified 170 ha x 200 USD
land by fertilizing and clean soil
3.6. Senior consultants for model 2 people x 24 months x 500 USD
conducting
3.7. Local consultants
2 people x 24 months x 400 USD
3.8. Extention workers at grassroot level
2 people x 24 months x 100 USD
3.9. Economist for developing investment 2 people x 3 months x 400 USD
and preferentical policy for the desertified
land area
3.10. Travel and DSA costs for senior and 550 USD/month x 24 months
local consultants
Result 4 : Capacity building + Project summarization
4.1. Seminars on anti-desertification 4 seminars: 2,000 USD x 4
experiences and technologies
4.2. Travel and hall
400 USD x 4 seminars
4.3. International consultants for project 2 people x 0.5 month (including DSA,
evaluation and summarization
travel, air tickets)
4.4. Project summarization costs
4.5. Propagation, film and information
collection
4.6. Project monitoring, evaluation and
summarization costs
4.7. Printings and translation costs
4.8. Other costs (plus 2 houses for
farmers)
2.400
360,000
51,000
68,000
119,000
24,600
34,000
12,000
19,200
4,800
2,400
13,200
64,600
8,000
1,600
24,000
10,000
2,000
5,000
5,000
9,000
Total budget: 499,400 USD
Requested amount: 454,000 USD (four hundreds and fifty four thousand US dollars)
Contribution from local community (10%): 45,400 USD
Contribution from local community comprises 23,000 labours. Each of 85 househoulds
contribute 270 labours for afforestation, digging and embankment.
116
SUMMARY
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FUNDING PROPOSAL VN-04-QB2
A.
COUNTRY
Vietnam
B.
PROJECT
Construction model prevented desert by using sustainable effectively the upland soil
and confronted floating sand to improve coast sandy soil of Quang Binh province.
C.
PROJECT SUMMARY
The project will support to prevent desertification, protect agriculture land, narrow
thinned belt plains in the East by slide, floating and encroaching sand and in the West
by encroaching of soil erosion and degradation through setting up the model prevented
desert by using sustainable effectively the upland soil and confronted floating sand to
improve coast sandy soil of Quang Binh province.
D.
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE SUMMARY
The proposed grant would finance the following activities: (a) collect, evaluate the
natural, socio-economic condition and basis situation of household in project area, (b)
improve knowledge for people about preventing, resisting desert causing by
encroached and floated sand, and by soil erosion and degradation, and protect and
effectively use sandy and sloped soil; (c) build up the model for application biological
method to prevent and resist floating encroached sand in order to use effectively and
improve sandy soil fertility; (d) build up the model for application integrated method
to use sustainable the sloping land in agro-forestry production..
E.
AMOUNT OF GRANT REQUESTED
US$ 200,000
117
Construction model prevented desert by using sustainable effectively the upland
soil and confronted floating sand to improve coast sandy soil of Quang Binh
province
National Institute for Soils and Fertilizers.
I. GENERAL INFORMATION OF PROJECT
1.1. Project title:
Construction model prevented desert by using sustainable effectively the upland soil
and confronted floating sand to improve coast sandy soil of Quang Binh province.
1.2. Place to complete project: Quang Binh province.
1.3. Project belong branch: Agro-Forestry and Rural development.
1.4. Project monitoring office: National Institute for Soils and fertilizers.
1.5. Project chairman: Bui Quang Xuan, PhD. of agriculture.
Tel. 04-4-8371362, Mobile phone 04.0912315538
Email address: [email protected] or [email protected]
1.6. Total finance:
ODA fund: 200,000 US$.
Internal contribution: 1,000,000,000 VND.
1.7. Project category: Non-returning ODA.
1.8. Starting and finishing time: three years, from 2/2005-2/2008.
1.9. Supporting proposal from oversea by optimal reason:
II. CONTENT OF ODA PROJECT.
2.1. Necessity to setup project:
Deserts are areas of extreme heat and dryness; in some deserts the amount of
evaporation is greater than the amount of rainfall. Typically, desert moisture occurs in brief
intervals and is unpredictable from year to year. About one-third of the earth's land mass is
arid to semiarid (either desert or semi desert) causing by wind and erosion of water and soil
happening in stark environment of heat and dry.
Quang Binh Province stretches along the northern part of Central Vietnam. It is
bordered on the north by Ha Tinh, on the south by Quang Tri, on the east by 126 kilometers
of South China Sea coastline and on the west by 193 km of Laos.The highest mountain is
Phicopi 2,017 meters high. The natural area occupies 805,185 ha, population by 812,600.
Natural conditions: climate, topography, parent rock with people activities in the past
has been causing the desert in Quang Binh.
118
Hot and dry season is from April to August and the amount of rainfall occupies 2025% of total a year. In this season South West win blowing from drought areas of IndiaBurma or Bangan bay over going Truongson mountain, most of water vapor were captured by
west of Truong son mountain chain and then through and down east Truong son become
drought hot (temperature reach to 410C, air humidity below 50%), win speed is very high 20
m/s. The plant was withered up. From draught without cover layer when heavy rain
comedown the fertile layer on surface had been taken off and become degraded soil. The
average rainfall in Quang Binh is about 1700-2100 mm distributes difference by region and
season, about 75% in September, October, November and December in which the highest
reach in September, from 501-668 mm.
Quang Binh is the narrowest part of Vietnam with the narrowest is 40 km.
Topography of Quangbinh is slope from the West to the East and upland soil occupies up to
85% of total area, even in plain land is slope slightly from West to East.
Short time and heavily rainfall occurs in slope and narrow topography of region
forestry destroyed by people and the war causing flooded and erosion damaging the surface
layer of soil at the same time created sedimentation process and dunes of sand or sandy
coastal.
Agricultural land mainly located in plains narrow strip in between mountain and sea.
There is belt of sandy land in outside with the height of sand dune reach 2-3 m and up to 50 m
of shaped fan, sloped in the West and often threat covering the narrow belt of alluvial soil by
floating and encroached sand. In fact floating sand encroach not only agricultural production
land but also cover many houses and gardens of people who are living in coastal area. Behind
sandy dune belt is the plains occupied about 50,000 ha, in which alluvial soil is 34,971 ha.
Plains are narrow and slope from West to East so draining water very quickly event alluvial
but unfertile. Just the west of alluvial plains is hill area with height of about 30 up 300 m
occupied 160,000 ha. Soils formed and developed from granite, metamorphic rock and
sandstone in disappeared biocover layer status, causing thined soil layer, many gravel or other
coarse rock fragments on surface and very low fertility. Some hill areas lost their productivity
and find myrtefamily are living only.
In Quang Binh agricultural land occupies very little, only 63,545 ha equivalent 7,89%
of total area. Average land per capita is 794 m2 with low quality so food per capita per year
reaches only 257 kg and income get 2,85 mil. VND, in which the lowest in three districts as
Minhhoa, Tuyenhoa and Quangtrach are less than 1 mil. VND /capita/year. Up to now the
poverty rate belong 135 program occupies 63,27%, the high rate compared in whole country.
Above reasons point out the need to set up project Construction model prevented
desert by using sustainable effectively the upland soil and confronted floating sand to
improve coast sandy soil of Quang Binh province to contribute stable and sustainable
improving agriculture; and, improving living condition for farmer as well as the ecological
environment.
2.2. Goal of project
2.2.1. General objective
Prevention desert, protection agriculture land, narrow thinned belt plains in the East
by slide, floating and encroach sand; and in the West by encroaching of soil erosion and
degradation through setting up the model prevented desert by using sustainable effectively the
upland soil and confronted floating sand to improve coast sandy soil of Quang Binh province.
119
2.2.2. Coming objective
-
Collecting, evaluating the natural, socioeconomic condition and basis situation of
household in project area.
-
Improving knowledge for people about preventing, resisting desert causing by
encroached and floating sand, and by soil erosion and degradation; and protection as
well as effectively utilization sandy and sloped soil.
-
Built up the model for application biological method to prevent and resist floatingencroached sand in order to use effectively and improve sandy soil fertility.
-
Built up the model for application integrated method to use sustainable the sloping
land in agro-forestry production.
2.3. Content of project
2.3.1. Collecting, evaluating the natural, socioeconomic condition and basis situation of
household in project area.
2.3.2. Survey, collection, evaluation the indigenous experiences and local plant used for
preventing and resisting floating-encroaching sand and for preventing erosion.
2.3.3. Carrying out the TOT, farmer training courses, organizing for farmer do sightseeing the
completed models in other places, publishing booklet . . . in the aim improving knowledge for
people about preventing, resisting desert causing by encroached and floating sand, and by soil
erosion and degradation; and protection as well as effectively utilization sandy and sloped
soil.
2.3.4. Built up the model for application biological method to prevent and resist floatingencroaching sand in order to use effectively and improve sandy soil fertility.
+ Choosing farmer participated in model.
+ Choosing technical methods applied in model.
- Construction multi-layer plants belt for protection, including: height wooden plant
alternated brush one, to attach special importance to local plant as: pine, tephaosia
canadida .
- Choosing, creating water source, choosing and built irrigation system.
- Chosen main plants in model are suitable in project place condition and high
economical value as groundnut, soybean, and sesames . ...
- Choosing alternated, covering plants and technical method.
- Choosing and application technical methods to improve soil humidity such as
artificial soil, water-keeping substance, slow released fertilizer and many source of
organic matter on the spot.
- Balanced fertilizer application for plant.
+ Designation model.
+ Carry out the content in model and take care of plant in model.
2.3.5. Built up the model for application integrated method to use sustainable the sloping land
in agro-forestry production.
+ Choosing farmer participated in model.
120
+ Designation model, choosing technical methods applied in model: the method applied on
slopping land based on direction creating condition for plant grow well and decreasing water,
soil and soil nutrient loss.
+ Determine main plant: based on soil, climate, land used planning and interested on high
economical value plants as fruit tree and perennial industry crop.
+ Application technical method for soil protection, maintaining and improving soil fertility.
- Growing forestry tree on the top.
- Growing plant row as hedgerow, make edges and canal to prevent water and soil
loss.
- Alternate grown multipurpose land-cover plant when leaves canopies of main crops
(as fruit tree, perennial industry crop) have not been closed, using the leaves and stem
as green manure and get product like soybean, green bean, groundnut.
- Balanced fertilizer application for plant, application technical methods to improve
soil moistute as water-keeping substance, slow released fertilizer.
2.4. Method:
+ The content of 2.3.1 and 2.3.2 part implemented by creating survey forms to collect
information from offices, administrations and farmers.
+ The content of 2.3.3 part carried out by organizing tours to visit other models in difference
sites, opened workshop, field training. In workshop lectures and experts discuss with farmer
to choose crop and technical method used in model.
+ The content of 2.3.4 and 2.3.5 part: construction demonstration model in sites. Chosen sites
have been discussed with local authorities and communities.
2.5. Plan of expansive-implemented project
Sequence
1
Content, main work
implemented
Detail project construction
Obtained product
Detail project
2
Organizing seminar on degraded, Experiences lessons on
desert and essential settements
desert
3
Survey, collection, valuation
natural
socioeconomic
conditions, basical sytuation of
farmer in project area, people
experiences, local plant used for
registration floating sand and
protection upland.
4
Time
12/2004
Catching
the 2-6/2005
information
from:
Survey,
collection,
valuation
natural
socioeconomic
conditions,
basically
situation of farmer in
project area, people
experences, local plant
used for resistation
floating
sand
and
protection upland.
Training, exchanging organized Farmer understanding 6-8/2005
about
tours, field class to improve completely
floating
knowledgement for common resistation
Person and
Institution
NISF
NISF, Quang
Binh province
NISF Quang
Binh Province
121
5
about resistance floating sand,
protection and used effectively
upland
Built up model: biological
methods
application
to
prevented-resisting floating sand
in order to use, improve sandy
soil fertility
6
Built up model application
integrated of tecnical method to
use sustainability upland in agroforestry production
7
Management, care for crops in
model
By field training to develop and
winden model on:
- Deserst and demage to common
- Valuation the technical
mothods used in model
Sum up, accept, valuate
8
9
10
sand, protection and
used effectively upland
9/200512/2007
NISF Quang
Binh province
9/200512/2007
NISF Quang
Binh province
9/200512/2007
Improve
farmer 12/2006
knowledgement though
documents
and
experiences
obtained
from model
Final report
12/2007
NISF Quang
Binh province
NISF
Model about biological
methods application to
prevented-resisting
floating sand in order to
use, improve sandy soil
fertility
Model
about
application integrated
of tecnical method to
use
sustainability
upland in agro-forestry
production
Completed model
NISFForestry
Department
- Quang Binh
province
Propagation, widen and transmit
technical progress to develop
3. ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF PROJECT
3.1. Preliminary valuation the effect of capital
Project has developed highly the effect of capital through the result of prevention
floating sand as well as application integrated technical method to improve soil fertility, yield
of crop and increase of land used effect-project intend to increase crops yield about 20%.
Results of project have to limit soil and water erosion, improve upland fertility. For this area
main crop have to be chosen such as: industrial, fruit tree haven high economic value. The
land used effect as well as labor effect has to be much higher than farmer practice and wild
desert.
3.2. Social effect
Project have to achieve the strengthening abilities and knowledge for staff, farmer as
well as common from province, district, collective involved about living environment, natural
resource protection, integrated technical method to protect and resist floating sand as well as
improve up and sandy mainly soil fertility. Farmer participated could have benefit from
project. Farmers involved in project could get more income on their land and well
management to increase land used effect and more conditions to invest for protection sandy
and upland.
- Setting up the models to demonstrate as the tools for training to improve the knowledge of
farmer.
122
- Creating relationship between Government institution and local as well as themselves.
3.3. Environmental effect
Result of Project have been resisted floating sand and limited erosion, improved soil
fertility and increased environmental effect as well as ecological in general one, and not only
on sandy upland soil but as so the importance matter is protection the “garanary” of Quang
Binh province, simultaneously contributed protection the well-known natural landscape of
province.
3.4. Following sustainable development of project
The results of project have brought high-sustainable economic effect for farmer,
ecological environment, increased income contributing improved living level as well as
production capital to promote farmer offend applied advantage technique for their works.
123
SUMMARY
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FUNDING PROPOSAL VN-04-QB3
A.
COUNTRY
Vietnam
B.
PROJECT
Afforestation for sand dune stabilization and combating soil degradation and poverty
reduction in Quang Binh.
C.
PROJECT SUMMARY
The project will support two immediate objectives, that are: (a) combat sand moving
to stabilize the production and residential area of local people; (b) create jobs and
accordingly incomes for the local people and two long-term objectives, that are: (a)
contribute to improvement of the environment by soii improvement and climate
regulation, gradually stopping sand moving and desertification in the area; (b) develop
agro-forestry demonstrations , improve the local living conditions with the final aim of
poverty reduction.
D.
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE SUMMARY
The proposed grant would finance to set up 600 ha of forest to stabilize sand dune,
200 ha of forest mixed with agricultural production to improve soil and expand
knowledge on combating desertification and agro-forestry techniques.
E.
AMOUNT OF GRANT REQUESTED
US$ 392,405.06
124
Afforestation for sand dune stabilization and combating soil degradation and
poverty reduction
Sub-Department of Forestry Development of Quang Binh
I. PROJECT GENERAL INFORMATION
1. Project title:
Afforestation for sand dune stabilization and combating soil
degradation and poverty reduction.
2. Project area:
Quang Trach district, Quang Binh province
3. Project sector:
Agriculture and Rural Development
4. Project executive agency: Department of Forestry
5. Project holder:
Quang Binh Sub-Department of Forestry Development
Address: Bac Ly ward, Dong Hoi town, Quang Binh province.
Tel: 052.840116, Fax: 052 821670
6. Project total fund:
9.200 milliion VND
(equivalent to 582,278.92 USD)
with exchange rate of 15,800 VND
in which: Grant ODA: 392,405.06 USD
Counterpart Fund: 3,000,000,000 VND
7. Project type:
Grant ODA
8. Proposed Project duration:
2005-2010
9. Proposal for funding and justification for area selection:
As a poor province with limited sources of finance, Quang Binh does not have enough
own capacity for investing in combating desertification in the area. Though supported by the
province, the local livelihoods are still poor, their own capacity is not enough to invest in
constructions for sand dune fixation, soil improvement... Thus, to effectively combat
desertification caused by sand moving, beside the local fund to be mobilized inside the
country, the local people would like to call for support and assistance from foreign countries.
Sand moving is a danger, which often threatens the local life, agricultural production.
This phenomenon often happens in many areas of the province, of which include the interfield sandy areas of Quang Trach district where have been prioritized for agricultural
production and rural development of the province in the period 2005-2010 .
II. PROJECT CONTENT:
1. Necessity of the project:
Inter-field sand area of Quang Trach covers a concentrated area of approximately
1,600-1,800 ha. It is surrounded by residential area, fields and constructions such as the
National High Way 1A, the national electrical grid 500 KV and 220 KV and 4 reservoirs for
production.
125
This area has a severe climate, with the temperature in summer sometimes up to 40oC.
The soil is in bad conditions, not suitable for agricultural production. Under the impact of the
dry and prolonged south-west wind and winter wind combined with heavy rain and flood,
sand is strongly moved, burrying the surrounding houses and fields.
Desertification due to sand moving is frequent danger in this area. As estimated,
hundreds of the cultivation and residential areas are burried under sand every year, local
people have to leave their houses and production land. The rehabilitation of the affected area
is very costly, that goes beyond the financial capacity of the villagers and local authorities.
Forest plantation surrounding the residential and field areas have been considered as a
effective measure by the local authorities and villagers. However, the forest area planted
annually is still limited (due to limited financial capacity), its effectiveness to combating
deserstification is very low.
Therefore, the project implementation in the area will response to the essential
demand of the local authorities and peole toward combating desertification.
2. Project objectives
a. Immediate objectives:
-
Combating sand moving which burrying fields and houses to stabilize the
production and residential area of the local people.
-
Creating jobs and accordingly incomes for local people where remained a
larger number of hunger and poor households, their livelihoods are difficult,
mainly based on agricultural production.
b. Long term objectives:
-
Contributing to improvement of the environment by soil improvement and
climate regulation, gradually stopping sand moving and desertification in the
area.
-
Agro-forestry demonstrations area developed in desertification, improving the
local living conditions with the final aim of poverty reduction and through
which the implementation is replicated in the similar areas.
3. Project specific contents:
-
Afforestation for sand dune stabilization is carried out on 600 ha
-
Afforestation for soil improvement and combined with agricultural production
is carried out on 200 ha.
-
Knowledge on combating desertification and agro-forestry techniques
provided for local people.
4. Proposed fund:
-
Grant ODA: 6,200 million VND
-
Counterpart fund: 3,000 million VND (which is mobilized from the local
labour day, local budget and from 661 program)
126
5. Project implementation phases:
The project implementation is carried out in 3 phases:
-
Phase I: (2005-2006): providing knowledge on combating desertification and
agro-forestry techniques on sandy land for local people. Establishing agroforestry demonstrations for lessons learnt and replication, and developing
forest plantation plan for soil improvement and sand dune fixation.
-
Phase II: (2007-2009): Carry out forest plantation for soil improvement and
sand dune fixation and developing agro-forestry demonstrations.
-
Phase III: (2010): Project finalization and evaluation.
III. ANALYSIS OF PROJECT EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY
1. Primary evaluation of financial efficiency
The effective project implementation will result in 800 ha of concentratedly planted
forests for sand dune fixation and soil improvement. When the forests develop its canopy, it
will offer the estimated volume of timber 160.000m3 (20m3/ha), with the current price unit of
200,000VND/m3 then this will produce 32 billiion VND, not yet mentioning the production
from 100 ha of agro-forestry demonstrations.
2. Social effectiveness
-
More stable jobs have been created for the local people, with estimated regular
employments (during the project duration) for 200-300 people and their
families.
-
Contributing actively to the poverty reduction.
-
Increasing the cultivation area, offering more products for the society.
3. Environmental effectiveness
-
Combating desertification, regulating the climate and maintaining water
resource.
-
Minimizing adverse weather phenomena and environmental pollution for a
large area, especially the adjacent villages and industrial zone.
-
Improving soil for agricultural production and stabilizing the residential area
for the local people.
4. Project sustainability
-
Since the project implementation meets the local expectation in sand dune
stabilization and combating desertification and local essential demand in
stabilization of their residential areas as well as creating job and accordingly
imcomes for the local people, the project definitely receives the local active
participation during its implementation and the local maintenance and
development of the obtained results after the project end.
-
The sandy area in Quang Binh province is very large, the obtained results from
the project will help local people to replicate similar activities for combating
desertification and soil improvement.
-
If the project is effectively implemented, it will be demonstration to be
replicated to many areas with similar conditions.
127
SUMMARY
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FUNDING PROPOSAL VN-04-QB-QN-BT
A.
COUNTRY
Vietnam
B.
PROJECT
Community Organization in Application of Traditional Methods to Combat
Desertification through Effective Utilization and Conservation of Water Resources
C.
PROJECT SUMMARY
The project will conserve and sustain water and land resources, contribute to
combating desertification in the Southern Central region through: (a) to exploit and
summarize traditional methods and local knowledge in conserving land and water
resources in Southern Central region; (b) to recommend solutions in using and
conserving water resources (design specifications, application conditions, construction
and management alternatives in specific areas) (c) to establish pilot models of
community organization in utilizing and conserving land and water resources in
different provinces (three models each province) and (d) to document and disseminate
these models broadly. ; (c) Improve livelihood systems for local rural population.
D.
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE SUMMARY
The proposed grant would finance to do survey and exploit different typologies and
traditional methods in exploitation and conservation of water and land resources in
study provinces. It supports to study and recommend effective solution in using and
conserving land and water to control desertification by documenting and
disseminating methods, recommending effective models, guiding and instructing the
construction and operation of models. It also supports to establish pilot models of
community organization for conservation of land and water.
E.
AMOUNT OF GRANT REQUESTED
US$ 150,000
128
Community Organization in Application of Traditional methods to Combat
Desertification through Effective Utilization and Conservation of Water
Resources
Vietnam Institute for Water Resources Research
I. PROJECT GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1 Name of Project
Community Organization in Application of Traditional Methods to Combat
Desertification through Effective Utilization and Conservation of Water Resources
1.2 Porject Site: Quang binh, Quang ngai, Binh thuan
1.3 Sector: Agriculture and Rural Development
1.4 Executing Agency: Vietnam Institute for Water Resources Research
1.5 Project Proponent
- Name: Dr. Ha Luong Thuan
- Contact address: Center for Water Resources Development and Environment
165/4, Chua Boc, Dong Da, Hanoi
- Tel: 084 4 8524136; Fax: 084 4 5634809; E mail: [email protected]
1.6 Estimated Budget: 200,000 US$
( Equivalent to 3,160 million VND)
of which:
- ODA capital: 150,000 USD
- Corresponding capital: 790 million VND
1.7 Project Classification: Non refundable ODA Project
1.8 Duration: 1/1/ 2005 – 31/12/2007
1.9 Proposed Donors:
The Government of Denmark or Netherlands
Reason: These donors are sponsoring Vietnam in water sector
II. CONTENT OF THE ODA PROJECT
2.1
The necessity of the project
In central provinces of Vietnam, especially in South central region, climate is dry,
land is degraded and prone to desertification.
-
Annual average temperature ranges from 22oC to 27oC. Total sunny hours are
1,500 hours/year. In some provinces such as Ninh Thuan, Binh Thuan, this figure
is 2,800.
-
Evaporation in the area from Hai Van pass to Quang Ngai is 1400-1500mm, in the
area from Binh Dinh to Binh Thuan is 1800mm.
129
-
Rainfall is unduly distributed due to affected by topography. The rainfall in the
area from Ha Tinh to Quang Ngai is 2000-2400m, area from Binh Dinh to Quang
Binh is smaller than 1,600mm, and in the coastal area of Ninh Thuan – Binh
Thuan is below 1,000mm
These natural factors in combination with human activities accelerate the
desertification process. The measures of water storage, evaporation management, tree
planting to cover land surface together with application of wise irrigation technologies will
help to control and prevent desertification.
During the recent years, droughts often occur in the South Central region. According
to unofficial statistics, during the second drought course in year 2002 (8/2002) in the central
and central highland region, there were 1,252,080 people living in a serious lack of domestic
water, 204,610ha of crops were affected by drought, of which, 76,061 hectare were totally
lost. In Binh Son district- Quang Ngai province, nearly 100,000 people had to live in the
serious deficiency of water through 5-6 months. The drought course in 2003 made 524,000
people seriously lack water, about tens thousands hectare of cultivated area were in bad
drought. In 2004, nearly 200,000 ha of the monsoon crops in central region were affected by
drought. Drought control experiences have showed that in this situation, farmers always relied
on large irrigation systems without other alternatives to reduce the seriousness of drought.
Attention was often paid to the construction of large irrigation systems without proper
concern to indigenous knowledge and traditional methods in exploitation and protection of
water resources. These methods have existed among local people for a long time. So far, they
have not been summarized and evaluated as well as widely disseminated. Those methods have
very great potential in combating desertification. They do not require huge investment capital
but very diversified in typology, simple technical specifications, and easy to be adopted
widely in mitigating and preventing water and land degradation.
In dry regions, desertification is a common phenomenon. Together with preventive
measures, the application of water saving irrigation technologies is very necessary in
conserving water and land resources. The summarization and introduction of traditional
methods in the conservation of land and water resources will encourage the active
involvement of the community. Enhancing awareness and involving community in
implementing traditional measures together with application of advanced technologies in
combating desertification will help to obtain expected outcomes as well as guarantee
sustainable development.
2-2
Objectives of the Project
•
General objective
To conserve and sustain water and land resources, contribute to combating desertification
in the South Central region.
•
Specific objectives
-
To exploit and summarize traditional methods and local knowledge in
conserving land and water resources in south central provinces of Vietnam.
-
To recommend solutions in using and conserving water resources (design
specifications, application conditions, construction and management
alternatives in specific areas).
-
To establish pilot models of community organization in utilizing and
conserving land and water resources in different provinces (three models each
province).
130
2-3
To document and disseminate these models broadly.
Activities of the Project
•
Survey and exploit different typologies and traditional methods in exploitation and
conservation of water and land resources in studied provinces (the methods to store
water in mountainous and sandy areas, the cultivation methods to minimize
evaporation, cultivation methods to control erosion and apply water saving irrigation
technologies).
•
Study and recommend effective solutions in using and conserving land and water to
control desertification in South central region based on traditional methods in
combination with application of advanced technologies.
- Documenting and disseminating methods of land and water conservation and
desertification control.
- Recommending effective models to conserve land and water resources in
studied areas.
- Guiding and instructing the construction and operation of those models.
•
Establish pilot models of community organization for conservation of land and water
to combat desertification in three studies provinces.
- Providing trainings to enhance awareness of local people in conservation of
land and water to combat desertification.
- Selecting suitable models by community in their locality.
- Construction, operation and management of those models.
- Monitoring and supervision.
•
Document and compile materials for dissemination
- Organizing workshop to summarize and derive lessons learnt from pilot model.
- Editing and compiling documents (methods of design, guidance and training,
management and operation).
- Publishing
2.4
Estimated budget: Total 200,000 US$
- Non refundable budget: 150,000 US$.
- Incurrent budget: 790,000 million VND
2-5
Implementation schedule
Contents
2005
I
2006
II
III
IV
I
2007
II
III
IV
I
II
III
IV
Commencement
1st activity
2nd activity
3 rd activity
4th activity
131
III.
EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS
3-1
Preliminary evaluation of financial effectiveness
-
Utilizing local materials and labor force and reducing 20-30 % total cost of the
project.
-
Ensuring water for production, increasing crop yield of 15 – 20%.
-
With small scale, the structures will help to reduce drought and avoid crop loss with
100% productivity harvested.
3-2
Social effectiveness
-
Enhancing awareness of people on effects and damages of land and water degradation
as well as community role in conservation of land and water resources.
-
Involving people in social activities to conserve natural resources.
-
Contributing to poverty alleviation.
3-3
Environmental effects
-
Protecting watershed
-
Conserving water and land resources.
-
Preventing erosion and controlling desertification owing to the availability of water
for cultivation.
-
Creating sub- eco regions.
3-4
Sustainability analysis
-
Applicable to the dry region where drought and desertification occur frequently.
Besides, those methods are easy to be adopted by farmers because they are
constructed based on traditional knowledge.
-
The solutions proposed are applicable in different areas including central region and
central highland provinces of Vietnam.
-
With characteristics of small scale, those methods do not require huge investment, and
easy to manage. Farmers can construct and manage as well as self apply those
methods in their areas.
132
SUMMARY
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FUNDING PROPOSAL VN-04-QT-TTH
A.
COUNTRY
Vietnam
B.
PROJECT
Control desertification on sandy soil for enhancing land use efficiency and sustainable
agriculture and poverty alleviation.
C.
PROJECT SUMMARY
The project has four overal objectives as: (a) To minimize sand dune encroachment on
human settlement; (b) To improve soil fertility for sustainable agricultural production;
(c) To build up a reasonable cropping patterns on this area for both high effectively on
soil, water, enviromental resources conservation and crop yield increasing, which that
has been accepted by farmer to scale up in the future; (d) To reduce hungry and
improve condition life for farmer.
D.
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE SUMMARY
The proposed Grant will finance to the following activities: (a) Surveying and gathering
secondary data on current socio-economic, agrarian, natural conditions and indigenous
knowledge on project area; (b) Surveying indigenous knowledge on farming practices,
farmer’s experience on sand dunes encroachment control; (c) Evaluating, Monitoring and
gathering local species of tree growing to build the green-shelter to control sand invadation
on cultivated land; (d) Farmer participatory approache on Designing and building up
demonstration site; (e) Building up irrigation system and reservoir to keep/hold water during
the rainy season as a water resources for dry season irrigation; (f) Impoving soil physicalChemical properties (improve soil moisture, aggregates stability, soil struture and keep long
duration nutrient elements in the soil); (g) Maintaining, improving and amending the project
study sites annualy; (h) Building Capaity on soil and water management for extention workers
and farmers in project area; (i) Conducting field visit and disseminating technology; (k)
Workshop valuation on project implementing, farmer’s adoption and transfering possibility to
larger scale.
E.
AMOUNT OF GRANT REQUESTED
US$ 65,623.671
133
Control desertification on sandy soil for enhancing land use efficiency and
sustainable agriculture and poverty alleviation
National Institute for Soils and Fertilizers
I. GENERAL INFORMATION
1. Project title
Control desertification on sandy soil for enhancing land use efficiency and sustainable
agriculture and poverty alleviation.
2. Project location: Central coast of Vietnam.
-
Quang Tri provice, Trieu Phong District
-
Thua Thien - Hue province, Phong Dien District
3. Field of Project activity: Soil – Fertilizer and plant
4. Implementing Agency: National Institute for Soils and Fertilizers (NISF)
5. Project management organization: National Institute for Soils and Fertilizers
6. Project manager: Dr. Bui Huy Hien - National Institute for Soils and Fertilizers, Dong
Ngac, Tu Liem, Hanoi
- Project team leader: MsC. Tran Duc Toan - National Institute for Soils and Fertilizers, Dong
Ngac, Tu Liem, Hanoi. Email: [email protected]
7. Total fund requested:
VND 1,152,060,000.00 equivalent US$ 72,915.190
In which:
- From ODA: US$ 65,623.671 (90%)
- Counterpart fund: VnDong 115,206,000.2 (10%)
8. Project classification: ODA non-reimbursement
9. Duration of project :
+ Start : March 2005
+ complete : September 2008
II. PROJECT SUBSTANCE:
2.1. Project indispensability.
Sandy soil by FAO-Unesco classification is Haplic Arenosol, there are 200,000
hectars long and narrow shape distributing mainly in North –and South of central coast of
Vietnam, where high population density, and it directly impacts of droughts, and sand dunes
encroachment on human settlements, that causing depletion of vegetative cover, biological
diversity and soil fertility that threatening to human’s life and their property as well.
Moreover Haplic acrisol contains lowest soil fertility among the main soil types in vietnam:
0.2-0.9% OC; N% and P2O5% are unnoted, and 0.01 – 0.02% K2O. The main crops in these
areas are ( red pepper, sweet potato, water melon, local variety of rice) and trees (casuarina,
eucaliptus). This soil making scarce amount of water infiltratrion, high rate of evaporation
134
and run-off, consequently reducing the vegetation cover and crop yields, and causing further
damages by soil erosion and flash flood.
Narrow - long shape and sloping topography of sandy soil in that area (widest part not
more than 5km in horizontal section) with high density of population (195.8 capita. Km-1),
and inappropriate land use management practices such as ovegrazing, intensive tillage and
monocropping are the main cause of soil degradation leading to agricultural land has not
only limeted, but also desertification occured owing to sand dunes encoroarchment. In the fact
that annualy a thousands hectars of cultivated area has been disappeared.
The above evidences enough to prove that re-creation of cultivated land for farmers
using apptopriate technology to minimize sand dunes invadation on cultivated land as well as
human settlements is an imperative need. An addition, Vietnam government has long been
convinced, however that the dimensions of the problem are such that it cannot be solved
without interational cooperation. That reason why we need the help from ODA.
2.2. Objectives
2.2.1. Overal objectives:
1. To minimize sand dune encroachment on human settlement
2. To improve soil fertility for sustainable agricultural production
3. To build up a reasonable cropping patterns on this area for both high effectively on
soil, water, enviromental resources conservation and crop yield increasing, which that has
been accepted by farmer to scale up in the future.
4. To reduce hungry and improve condition life for farmer
2.2.2. Spesific objectives:
1. To buld up vegetative patterns for improving land cover, green shelter- fence to
minimize land degradation process.
2. To increase crop yields
3. To serve both suficient water for crops in dry season and water quality for farmer,
and also to bound soil salinization for cultivation by building up irrigation canals and smale
resevoires.
4. To promote sustainable utilisation of these models, and to enhance the capacity of
individuals communities and government organisations in the management of land and water
resources for effectively farming practice in a land unit area.
5. To use these project sites of two provinces as demonstration sites for
technology dissemination on appropriate land and water resources management
for scaling up.
2.3. Main activities:
2.3.1. Surveying and gathering secondary data on current socio-economic, agrarian,
natural conditions and indigenous knowledge on project area (from agro-forestry Departments
of provincial and distric levels).
2.3.2. Surveying indigenous knowledge on farming practices, farmer’s experience on
sand dunes encroachment control ( Meeting, discuss with farmers, with villages leaders, with
key farmers ) and learn the experiences from current projects which solve similarly goal in
internal/externa country.
135
2.3.3. Evaluating, Monitoring and gathering local species of tree growing well in that
area (high drough-poor soil resisitant) to build the green-shelter to control sand invadation on
cultivated land.
2.3.4. Farmer participatory approache on Designing and building up demonstration
site.
2.3.5. Building up irrigation system and reservoir to keep/hold water during the rainy
season as a water resources for dry season irrigation.
2.3.6. Impoving soil physical-Chemical properties (improve soil moisture, aggregates
stability, soil struture and keep long duration nutrient elements in the soil) by applying
Bentonite, fertilizers slow down solution to create better habitat for farmers as well as for
acheiving crop yield as higest as posible.
2.3.7. Maintaining, improving and amending the project study sites annualy
2.3.8. Training, Building Capaity on soil and water management for extention workers
and farmers in the project area.
2.3.9. Conducting field visit and disseminating technology.
2.3.10. Workshop valuation on project implementing, farmer’s adoption and
transfering possibility to larger scale.
2.4. Methodology:
Base on the well growing of local trees/crop spesies which have been gathered to put
in to practice.
+ To Plant Local Tree spesies as green-shelter for sand dunes encroachment
(Casuarina, Eucaliptus,...) perpendicular to sea-wild attacks
+ To Increase soil surface cover for minimizing water evaporation, and restraining
sand movement (vetiver grass- vetiver zizanoides).
+ To Build up Canals and smal reservoirs (using local labour source): both sides of the
canal banks and reservoir-shore are consolidated by planting vetiver grass.(concreting could
be step by step base on local capacity of finance source)
+ To intervene in to the cultivates land some artificial soils, organic fertilizer
(mulching crop residues in situ) Bentonite to improve soil phisical –chemical properties for
geting high crop yield, inreasing farmer’s income and improve farmer’s life stably
2.5. Funding source: ODA non-reimbursement
2.6. Time frame:
Implementation progress
TT
List of Main activities
Expected results
Time frame
1
1
2
Surveying
and
gathering
secondary data on current socioeconomic,
agrarian,
natural
conditions
and
indigenous
knowledge on project area.
3
Data analysing to find out
the
best
appropriate
approaches/options on soil
coservation for project sites
4
Jan.2005-May.
005
2
Surveying indiginous knowledge
of farming practices, farmer’s
experience on sand dunes
Faremer’s experiences to be
summed up and applied
May/2005
August
Implementing
organizations
5
-NISF
Local
organizations
(Provincia, district
and
commune
levels)
NISF
136
3
encroachment control.
Evaluating,
Monitoring
and
gathering local species of tree
growing well (high drought-poor
soil resistant) in that area
Valued crops/trees and
appropriate croping patters
to be selected for project
area
Aug- Oct. 2005.
(after
Crop harvested)
4
Meeting with Extention, policy
org.ns, key farmers to sum up
after surveying
Understaning on purposes
of project, and participatory
approache on Designing,
building up demonstration
site.
Oct.2005Apr.4006
5
Planting green-shelter and build
up canals - reservoir
Good defence of sand dunes
encroachment to human
settlement and cultivated
areas. Good water storage in
the future.
March
May.2006
3
Stable model on agroforestry in the project areas
to be implimented
4
March
May.2006
1
6
Table (continued)
2
Land preparing and impoving soil
physical-Chemical properties and
crop planting.
–
–
7
Maintaining, improving and
amending the project study sites
annualy.
Better habitat for farmers as
well as for acheiving crop
yield as higest as posible to
be created .
2006 -2008
8
Training, Building Capaity on
soil and water management for
extention workers and farmers in
the project area.
Good understanding and
improving technique skills
for farmers and extantion
workers on related field.
May-June,2007
9
Workshop on Project assessment
Find out the weak points
after
two
years
implementing and complete
project models
June, 2008
10
Conducting field visit
disseminating technology
and
Exchance experiences on
land – water – plant
management for sustaining
agriculture
Aug.,2008
11
Workshop valuation on project
implementing, farmer’s adoption
and transfering possibility to
larger scale.
Oct.,2008
12
Workshop on transfer technology
Assess the contribution of
froject on soil-and water
conservation, invironment
protection
and
socioeconomic effect.
Transfer technology to
farmer, local organization
to scale up
11/2008
-NISF
Local
organizations
(Provincia, district
and
commune
levels)
-NISF
-Local
organizations
(Provincia, district
and
commune
levels)
- TNNH
- Farmers
5
-NISF
-Local
organizations
(Provincia, district
and
commune
levels)
-NISF
-Local
organizations
(Provincia, district
and
commune
levels)
Extention
organizations
(Provincia, district)
- NISF
-NISF,
MARD,
Extention
organizations
(Provincia, district)
- NISF
Extention
organizations
(Provincia, district)
- NISF
-NISF,
MARD,
Extention
organizations
(Provincia, district)
– NISF
NISF,
MARD,
Extention
organizations
(Provincia, district)
137
III. ASSESSMENT OF PROJECT ECONOMIC EFFECTIVENESS.
3.1. Preliminary assessment of efficiency of the project.
-
Minimize sand dunes encroachment on cultivated lands as well as human settlements, to
reduce the hazards threatening human’s life
-
Control Soil degradation for sustainable agroforestry production and Environment.
-
Gradually improve soil fertility for stably enhancing land use efficiency per land unit. The
project that will contribute substantial part of human’s life in the study areas such as:
a) Economy: Increase income (a millions Vn Dong), food security from crop yiels
increasing stably thank to aply new technology on soil-water-plant management
b) Society: Increase living stadard, farmer work with mind at ease to produce more and
multiproducts for families and society, consequently society step by step develops.
c) Environment: Recreate green enviroment, desertification control, water source is not
affected by salinity.
d) Sustainability: all the activities in the project site are based on: 1) carefully survey on
strong as well as weak points in term of farming practices and local ecological
knowledge of the stady sites, 2) high drough-poor soil resisitant of local species of
crops/trees has been selected. 3) Brainstorming of all the experts, experienced
researchers in related field, and local extention workers, policy makers and farmers to
solve the problems (to find out the best solution).
All the factors that related to hazards threatening farmer’s life are considered and the
best solutions to overcome the problems have been revolved, consequently project will be
success and will be scaled up in practice.
138
SUMMARY
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FUNDING PROPOSAL VN-04-QT-BT
A.
COUNTRY
Vietnam
B.
PROJECT
Environmental rehabilitation of the sandy regions of Gio Linh- Quang Tri and Le
Hong Phong- Binh Thuan.
C.
PROJECT SUMMARY
The project will support to make use of the previous studies on the rehabilitation of
the sandy region, model of ecological village, and a survey on water resources and
national conditions for the study on the planning irrigation and drainage for the socioeconomic development and ecological environment protection of the coastal sandy
region of Quang Tri province, conducted by Vietnam Institute for water resources
research and improve, develop further them and propose some technical solutions to
rehabilitate the socio-ecological environment of the sandy regions of Gio Linh, Quang
Tri province and Le Hong Phong, Binh Thuan province.
D.
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE SUMMARY
The proposed grant would finance to improve and develop these previous studies to
meet the current demand of the project regions. Technical solution to water resources,
forestry, agriculture, water and sea products, ecological village problems will be found
out and applied to prevent sand moving, to rehabilitate the ecological environment of
the sandy region and to reduce the effects of storms and North-East wind from thesea.
.
E.
AMOUNT OF GRANT REQUESTED
US$ .....
139
Environmental rehabilitation of the sandy regions of Gio Linh- Quang Tri and
Le Hong Phong- Binh Thuan
Vietnam Institute for Water Resources Research
I.
GENERAL INFORMATION
1. Project Title
Environmental rehabilitation of the sandy regions of Gio Linh- Quang Tri and Le
Hong Phong- Binh Thuan
2. Location
Gio Linh district, Quang Tri province and Le Hong Phong sandy region of Binh
Thuan province
3. Branch
Agriculture and Rural Development
4. Executing body
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD).
5. Project’s owner
People Committees of Quang Tri Province and Binh Thuan Province.
6. Estimated cost
7. Project classification
8. Estimated starting and completing time
The estimated starting time is 2005 and ending by the end of 2010
9. Proposed donor and reason
II. PROJECT CONTENT
1. The necessity of the project
The central region of Vietnam, 3/4 area of which is of mountains, sloping land, small
coastal deltas, is always suffering from the storms, flooding and droughts. This region also
consists of uncultivated sandy land. On average, in each central province of Vietnam the area
of coastal sandy land is nearly equal to that of cultivated land, and is account for about 5-13
% of the total area of the province.
At the project site, the climate is difficult: the strong East-North wind in the winter
and the dry and hot West-South wind in the summer. The total area of Quang Tri’s sandy
region is 30000 ha, which lasts about 55 km from Phan Thiet to Phan Ri with the largest
width of 28 km, equivalent to 54 % of the province’s delta area, and is greater than that used
for rice and crops of the province.
Most of the project’s area is currently uncultivated due to the desertization. The reason
for that is the elevation of the project region is higher than that of the coastal delta; therefore,
suffering the bad effects of heavy rain, strong win, dry sun, the sand with small particles
140
could easily move. There are three kinds of this movement in air, water, or both, caused by
wind, flow and the combination of rain and East-North wind. As a result, the sand could fill
up the fields, gardens, houses, roads and rivers.
The sand dune region of Le Hong Phong, which is one of the driest region of Binh
Thuan province, has the total area of 52000 ha, accounting for about 57.8 % of the total area
of sand dune of Binh Thuan province. Because of the low vegetational cover, frequently
strong East-North wind, a number of phenomena such as flying sand and dune traveling
occur repeatedly. As a result, the agricultural production is strongly affected by the climate,
leading to low output, small cultivated area and normally one season per year. The available
source of surface water such as Bau Trang is being filled up.
In the district of Gio Linh, the sand dune that has not been planned and reclaimed has
the area of about 1.700 ha. However, even with the reclaimed sandy region, due to the lack of
annual maintenance capital, a number of water resources projects are being damaged caused
by sand sliding, filling, and tree cutting.
In general, as above mentioned both sandy regions are dry with low botanic cover and
suffering the strong East-North wind, which results in the sand traveling, sand filling up to the
residential and cultivated area inside. Due to the unreclaimation, shortage of water, the
agricultural cultivation is impossible. In the small cultivated area, due to the effect of weather,
the productivity is still low. Thus, regional economy is at the low stage of development. As
far as the fishery is concerned, the productivity is also very poor due to the low investment in
the public infrastructure (like ship safety area, sand filled up waterways between inland and
sea caused by lacking of dredging fund) as well as in the household facilities (too low
accumulating fund for fish catching equipments).
Regarding the ecological environment, the poor coating results in, in the dry season,
severely dry and hot, underdeveloped plant, sand and dust traveling, affecting the local
ecological environment and residential area as well as the cultivated land inside. In the stormy
season, the water logging, low drainage caused by the combination of flooding and high tidal
yield a long period of submergence. As the social aspects, the backward customs and habits
in living are also making large contribution to the poor hygienic conditions in the region. In
addition to causing flood, reducing the sediment, soil alum, sand is also causing several
diseases for the local peoples such as trachoma and elephantiasis.
However, it should be worth mentioning the potentials and conditions of the sand
dune region in order to turn it into the cultivated region and agro-forestry-fishery economic
region. They are followings.
•
•
•
A largely unexploited area
Abundant shallow groundwater with good quality
Existence of the amount of humus, protein, phosphorus in sand to support plants in
certain period of time. This amount could be ever accumulated and enriched for plats
provided that appropriate measures to sand traveling, surface turbulence and water
surface erosion
• The high elevation of sand dune prevents sand from submerging, and is suitable for the
residential settlement, living and production.
• Long coastal line which is favorable for raising and catching sea animals.
• Pleasant coastal climate if combined with the sand dune region rehabilitated could
create an sound ecological environment, and potential for tourism.
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•
•
Easy resident allocation due to not far from the delta
Abundant labor forces
If there are appropriate measures of investment, the above potentials could be fully
mobilized and developed, creating good for socio-economic development of the region.
Therefore, in recent years, some measures have been put in to practice, however, the scope
and number are still small. Besides, due to lack of maintenance cost, several projects are
being downgraded and less effective.
In order to implement the ends of the convention on desertization prevention, the study
on suitable solutions to the desertization prevention, ecological environment rehabilitation,
living stability for the local peoples in the above sandy regions is necessary and important.
The project is to propose some technical solutions to rehabilitate the socio-ecological
environment of the sandy regions of Gio Linh-Quang Tri and Le Hong Phong- Binh Thuan.
2. Project objectives
+ Short-term objectives:
• To prevent the sand traveling and sand filling up
•
To rehabilitate the ecological environment of the sandy region, which has been
suffered from the severe, hot climate to become the pleasant ecological region for
production development and living
•
To reduce the effects of storms and East-North wind blown from the sea, and of the
flooding, soil alum, and disease such as trachoma, elephantiasis and frog-bellied
caused by sand.
+ Long-term objectives:
• To prevent the effect of the sand traveling as above-mentioned, and at the same time, to
rehabilitate the above sandy region to become cultivated land, agro-forestry-fishery
region
• To create the job for the people in the provinces in general and for the regions, in
particular, increase their income, reduce the poverty and hunger, and
• To create a wider space for the resident allocation from the narrow deltas to the sandy
regions, conforming with the purposes of regional economic development.
3. Project contents
To the ends as above-mentioned, a number of related studies among others has been
implemented and applied as follows:
• The study on the rehabilitation of the sandy region conducted by Dr. Hoang Phuoc
•
The model of ecological village
•
A survey on water resources and national conditions for the study on the planning
irrigation and drainage for the socio-economic development and ecological
environment protection of the coastal sandy region of Quang Tri province, conducted
by Vietnam institute for water resources research.
These above studies have been effective. Having made used of the previous results as
above-mentioned, the present study improves and develops to meet the current demands of
the project regions.
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1. Technical solution to the water resources problems
- To construct a main dyke system, diversion dyke, and irrigation and drainage dyke.
- To divide the sandy regions into several smaller sub-regions bounded by dykes with the
scope depended on the natural condition, in which there are some smaller reservoirs to create
the humidity for sand, to prevent the sand flying, sand jumping, and sand filling up the field,
garden, road, rivers, and to reduce the soil alum, improve the exhausted soil.
- To construct the drainage channels to the sea to maintain the amount of water storage in the
reservoirs, and to speedy drainage, to prevent water logging with silty sand during the stormy
season. At the same time to build a number of bridges and sluices on canals intersecting the
traffic lines in the regions.
.
2. Technical solution to the forestry problems
The duties of forestry measures is to plant trees to prevent winds, and combined with
the measures in water resources and agriculture to prevent sand traveling, to rehabilitate the
sandy region to become cultivated region, and to rehabilitate the ecological environment of
the sandy region to become agro-forestry region.
3. Selection of the plants on sand
In fact, several trees could be plated on sand are as follows. Casuarinas, eucalyptus,
coconut, lemon, pineapple, mango, pomelo, custard apple, pandanus, …
To rehabilitate the ecology and environment, four kinds of plant can be suitable as follows.
• Casuarinas and cajuput with yellow follower to prevent winds at the high level
•
Pineapple and pandanus to prevent winds at the low level
•
When the casuarinas and cajuput with yellow follower are at the high of 10-12m, the
space with the height about 3-5 m counted from their feet can be used for planting the
pineapple and pandanus.
•
Casuarinas can be planted on the main dykes, water division dykes, bank, main beds,
•
cajuput with yellow follower with the shorted high and brittle can be plated on the
subordinate bands. These are the best developed trees on the sandy soil at the present
time.
4. Technical measures
•
To grow the tree row along the main roads, water division dykes, and two banks of
drainage the irrigation system to prevent erosion, filling up, and failures of hydraulic
structures
• To grow the main and subordinate rows of trees on the soil beds with the filled height
of 30-40 cm. These soil beds are arranged in the orthogonal shapes: one large panel
with the area of 4 ha created by the main rows of trees and the small panel has the area
of 1 ha bounded by the subordinate row of trees.
• For the high land (with low level of groundwater) the tree can be planted densely. Each
tree can be planted on a soil cylinder with the diameter of 30cm and the height being
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the distance from the ground surface to the groundwater surface at the site. This is
aimed at creating the capillary force from the groundwater to support the tree during
the first year. After that, the tree roots can penetrate into the groundwater to support
itself. (This finding was supported by the experiments)
* Technical solution to the agricultural problems:
Having the above technical solutions to water resources and forestry problems, the
sandy region could be stable, the humidity could be increased, creating favorable conditions
for plant development. The disintegrations of varieties of grass, tree leaves and tree roots
create the humus for sand. When the amount of humus increases, the cappillary force
increases, leading to the higher humidity and good development for plants. This process can
be repeated and the next process can be better than the previous one. Finally, the sandy soil
can become the cultivated soil. Therefore, the man’s role is to speed up this process.
Water resources solution
Forestry solution
Stabilization and humiditization for sand
Plant growth
Humus for sand, increasing capillary force
Fig. 1. Summary of process of rehabilitation of coastal sandy region
Selection of the suitable agricultural plants
According to several surveys conducted and the test results implemented, the
following plants can be suitable for the sandy region.
The perennial plants such as custard-apple, lemon and pomelo
The short-term industrial and subsidiary crops such as peanut, sesame, red bean, green
bean, corn, sweet potato, watermelon, and some kinds of onion and garlic in which the best
ones are sweet potato, water melon and corn.
Besides, in order to create the humus, some trees can be grown such as wild peanut,
soya, sweet potato. These plants can create a vegetational cover for the region, which can play
as a botanic layer for the development of other plants.
4. Technical solution to the water and sea products
144
The new technology for the water and sea product can create a valuable source for the
local residents.
- The raising animal: shrimp, fish and crap
- Raising regime: industrial, intensive farming
- Ponding system: one pond with the area of 0.2 ha per one household. (in combination with
the ecological village)
5. Technical solution to the ecological village
The ecological village can be established based on recent achievements in some
branch like water resources, forestry, agriculture and water and sea products, making it
possible the resident migration. To this end, the infrastructure like local transportation,
drinking wells, and the post construction land use policies. Scope is as follows.
• Total area: 100 ha
• Area per household: 2ha
• Wells: 1 per one household
• Traffic road: Along the main and subordinate banks
In short, the above technical solutions have been presented to rehabilitate the
ecological and environment to turn the sandy region in to the cultivated one. Among the, the
water resources solution is a key to prevent the sand traveling. Other solutions, in closed
combination with the water resources one, can make significant parts for the development of
plants in this region.
Estimated capital sources
Official develop assistance (ODA)
Counterpart fund
III. IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
3.1 Project effective analysis
a. Financial effect
The project will bring the economic output like agro-forestry and fishery products from the
sandy regions and delta region nearby.
• To increase the local people’s income based on the forestry and agriculture products
• To increase the rice productivity in the delta resulted from the structures against sand
traveling, alum, and exhausted soils caused by flooding
• To reduce the anual cost for the prevention of bad phenomena such as sand traveling,
sand filling up
• To create the sea and water product for country’s demand and export
145
b. Social effect
• Creating a large space for the economic development and other infrastructure for the
society
• Creating the cultivated land for agriculture production and for resident migration from
the delta and coastal regions to the sandy region, and creating jobs for the local people.
• Creating a typical model for the rehabilitation of sandy region which can be applied to
other sandy region in the future
Environmental effect
• Reducing the soil alum, and exhausted soil, and flooding for the delta nearby
• Creating the protective forest on the sandy region to prevent strong wind, ocean
storms
• Solving the problem of the field encroachment in the deltas nearby
• Exploiting the available potentials of the sandy region
• Creating a sound ecological environment for the sandy region and the delta nearby,
which is the hot topic attracting much concern from Vietnam and the world.
The sustainability of the project in the next stage of development
Sustainable development is always a goal that one project must achieve. The proposed
project has suggested a number of long-term and short-term solutions in terms of water
resources, agro-forestry and fishery to create a sound base for the establishment of ecological
villages on sandy land that always suffered from severe climate. It also will turn the sandy
region suffering from the desertization into the green land, reclaim the ecological
environment, and at the same time, to create better living and working conditions for people.
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SUMMARY
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FUNDING PROPOSAL VN-04-SCC2
A.
COUNTRY
Vietnam
B.
PROJECT
Investigation, assessment of land degradation and put forward restoration solutions for
management, land use planning of South Central Coastal Region.
C.
PROJECT SUMMARY
The project will support to implement a pilot project on Investigation, assessment of
land degradation and put forward restoration solutions for management, land use
planning of Binh Thuan province at the first stage. At the second stage, the project
will deploy the pilot project in the remain provinces and the whole region.
D.
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE SUMMARY
The proposed grant would finance to do a pilot investigation and assessment on the
real situation of land degradation in Binh Thuan province (degradation categories,
degradation degrees and impacts...) and then put forward restoration solutions for
management land use planning on land degradation issues inthe South Central Coast
Region. The pilot project will be done through investigating, collecting information
and data, analyzing and classifying information, assessing land degradation categories,
and then studying and putforwarding some proposals, solutions for land degradation
issues.
E.
AMOUNT OF GRANT REQUESTED
US$ 800,000
147
Investigating and assessing the land degradation; and put forwarding solutions
for land use planning and management of South Central Coastal Region
Centre of Land Investigation and Planning
I. PROJECT GENERAL INFORMATION
1.Project name: Investigating and assessing the land degradation; and put forwarding
solutions for land use planning and management of South Central Coastal Region. (including
08 provinces: Da Nang, Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, Binh Dinh, Phu Yen, Khanh Hoa, Ninh
Thuan, and Binh Thuan)
2. Project implementation location: Centre of Land Investigation and Planning
3. Project of Field: Natural Resources and Environment
4. Project implementation agency: Centre of Land Investigation and Planning.
5. Agency in charge:
Name: Centre of Land Investigation and Planning.
Address: 9/78 - Phuong Mai Ward - Dong Da District - Ha Noi City.
6. Total proposed capital of project: USD 900,000 (Nine hundreds thousand US dollar).
Equal to VND 14,220,000,000 (fourteen billion and twenty two hundred thousand)
ODA capital source: USD 800,000
+ The 1st stage: USD 100,000
+ The 2nd stage: USD 700,000
Vietnamese Capital source: USD 100,000
+ The 1st stage: USD 15,000
+ The 2nd stage: USD 85,000
7. Project classification: ODA Non-payment.
8. Proposed time schedule of project: 2005-2009
- The 1st Stage: Implementing the pilot project on investigating and assessing the land
degradation; and put forwarding restoration solutions for land use planning and management
of Binh Thuan province.
Implementation time from January to December, 2005
- The 2nd stage: Investigating and assessing the land degradation; and put forwarding
solutions land use planning and management of the remain provinces and the whole Region.
Implementation time from 2006 to 2009.
9. The foreign sponsor’s recommendation and reasons for selection:
Investigating and assessing the land degradation; and put forwarding solutions for land
use planning and management, must be the first ranked implementation issues in Viet Nam,
especially for the South Central Coastal Region. At the present condition of Viet Nam, in
order to carry out these works perfectly, it is necessary to have technical and financial
supports from the foreign partners.
148
II. LAND INVESTIGATION AND PLANNING CENTRE’S FUNCTIONS AND
DUTIES (PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION LOCATION)
2.1. Function
Land Investigation and Planning Centre (before was Land Investigation and Planning
Institute - General Department of Land Administration) is a non-productive unit directly
under Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, its functions are scientific studies on
land use planning and plans in the whole country, and undertake non-productive duties
surporting the State management on land.
2.2. Duties
a. To study, put forward foresees, strategies of land use and protection.
b. To build up scientific and economic-socio basics for land use planning and plans.
c. To survey, assess and classify land; and to survey, investigate and assess land resources and
soil environment.
d. Making options of land use planning and plans and adjusted-options of land use planning
and plans in the whole country and each region.
e. To periodically carry out land statistic and inventory of the whole country, to make the
current land use map; to analysis and forecast land use changes; to build land information
database, To archive data on land as assignment of Ministry.
g. To build up system of land use norms; standards, technical procedures and technological
and economic standards on land survey, assessment and classification; assessment of land
resources and soil environment; and statistic and inventory of land and land use planning and
plans.
h. To undertake international co-operation projects, and scientific subjects assigned by
Minister.
2.3. Some major implemented works
a. In 1997, The Centre had built National land use planning and plans up to the year 2010,
submitted to General Department of Land Administration for approving by Government.
Vietnam’s National Assembly in course IX, secssion 11 had approved National land use
planning and plans up to the year 2010 (Resolution No 01/1997/QH9 on national land use
plans for 5 year, from 1996 to 2000).
b. In year 2000, The Centre had built National land use planning up to the year 2010 and
National land use plans up to the yea 2005, submitted to General Department of Land
Administration (now is Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment) for approving by
Government. The report was approved by Vietnam’s National Assembly in course XI,
secssion 5, dated 15/6/2004 (Resolution No 29/2004/NQ-QH11 on approving National land
use planning up to ther year 2010 and National land use plans up to 2005).
c. From 1991 to now, The Centre have undertook international projects: Project “Land use
management” belonging to Vietnam forestry development programme; Project 3 “land use
planning and mapping” belonging to Vietnam - Sweden cooperation programme on Land
administration reform.
149
Organizational structure of Land investigation and planning centre
Ministry of Natural resources and
Environment
Land investigation and
planning centre
Office
Department of Planning
and projects’s
management
Department of
finance and
accountancy
Sub-centre of land
investigation and planning
in Hochiminh city
Centre for resources
and soild
environment
Centre for technology
and land information
Centre for land use
planning
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III. DETAILED CONTENTS OF THE PROJECT
3.1. The necessity of the project
Land is an important integrated component of environment, it has great significant
role - it is the preresiquite condition, basics for the production processes. Where the labor
tools were found, it is production material and also is the place for living of human society.
Suitable management, utilization of land will contribute a part to harmonize the land and
human relationship in the combination of natural environment resources. In addition, it
creates great significant socio - economic benefits as well as environment protection.
At the present condition of Vietnam in general, especially in the South Central Coast
Region in particular, the land reservation is limited in the quantity and quality. The land
components has been degraded in quality and economic value by direct and indirect human
activities or natural process.
Due to the particularities on natural, eco-socio conditions, serious land degradation of
the region in comparison with other region in Vietnam (erosion, danger of desertification,
blown sand phenomenon, dry, laterization and etc. which are occurring widely). The right
assessment on the scale, degrees, cause and effect of the land degradation of the South Central
Coast Region is necessary and should be carried out as soon as possible.
3.2. Project objectives
3.2.1. Short-term objectives:
- Pilot investigation and assessment on the real situation of land degradation in Binh
Thuan province (degradation categories, degradation degrees, impacts and etc).
-
Put forwarding solutions for land use planning and management for the land
degradation issues in Binh Thuan province.
3.2.2. Long-term objectives:
-
Investigation and assessment on the real situation of the land degradation in South
Central Coast Region (degradation categories, degradation degrees, impacts and etc).
-
Put forwarding policies, solutions for land use planning and management in order to
limit the negative affects of erosion, desertification, blown sand phenomenon, dry,
laterization... to the development of the South Central Coast Region.
3.3. Detailed contents of the project
3.3.1. Constructing and approving the draft project
- Primary collecting and studying data and document.
-
Constructing the draft project.
-
Workshop for assessing and collecting opinions the draft project
-
Approving draft project.
151
3.3.2. Investigating and assessing the real situation of land degradation in the pilot
province and the rest provinces of South Central Coast
1. Investigating, collecting information and data
- Investigating and interviewing as questionnaires form.
-
Investigating and collecting the information and data related.
-
Field investigation, information examination and mapping.
-
Taking the analytical samples.
2. Analyzing and classifying information
- To analyse the samples.
-
Information and data correction.
-
Information and data classification.
-
Setting up the analytical and assessment forms
-
Establishing the land degradation map.
3. Assessment of the current situation of land degradation categories
Summarizing the affected factors to the land degradation.
The real situation of land degradation
- Land degradation situation (land categories, position, area, degradation rate,
degradation degrees,...)
-
Land degradation causes (the impact of natural condition, the impact of land use
process).
-
The impact of land degradation to the local development.
4. Studying, put forwarding some proposals and solutions for land degradation
General assessment on existence of solutions (existence negative, positive sides)
Putforwarding some proposals, restoration solutions
- Legal document
-
Technical solutions
-
Solutions related to land management and use.
3.3.3. Assessment of land degradation in South Central Coast region.
-
Assessment on the real situation of land degradation categories in the Region.
Summarizing impact factors for land degradation in the Region
+ Real situation of land degradation (land categories, position, area, degradation rate,
degradation degrees)
+ Causes of the land degradation (impacts of natural conditions, impact of land use
process...)
+ Impact of land degradation on development of the Region.
152
-
Studying and put forwarding some petitions and solutions for the land degradation in
the region
-
General assessment of existence solutions (existence negative, positive sides)
-
Putforwarding some proposals, restoration solutions
+ Legal document
+ Technical solutions
+ Solution related to land management and land use.
IV. ANALYSING EFFECTIVENESS OF PROJECT
4.1. Primary assessment of finical effectiveness
Benefits from the implementation of project “Investigating and assessing land
degradation; and put forwarding solutions for land use planning and management of South
Central Coastal Region” are basic for suitable, effectiveness land management and use in the
whole Region.
4.2. Social effectiveness
Enhancing the knowledge of organizations and individuals on the role of land for
human living and land protection and sustainable utilization.
Improvement and restriction of negative impacts on land will contribute a part for poor
eliminating, upgrading matter and spirit of people.
4.3. Environmental effectiveness
Based on the land use planing and management system to restrict and mitigate the
negative impacts of erosion, desertification, blown sand phenomenon, dry, laterization... to
support for effectiveness utilization of land and sustainable development.
4.4. Sustainability of project in the next development process
The achievements of the project are basic for put forwarding methods on preventing,
supervising the land management and use in order to restrict the negative impacts of erosion,
desertification, blown sand phenomenon, dry, laterization... Besides that, the experiences
gained from project will greatly support for carrying out the investigation, assessment of land
degradation situation in the whole country.
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SUMMARY
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FUNDING PROPOSAL VN-04-SCC3
A.
COUNTRY
Vietnam
B.
PROJECT
Study on science-technology solutions to establish agro-forestry ecosystems for
sustainable utilization natural resources and combating desertification in Central
Coastal Regional of Vietnam.
C.
PROJECT SUMMARY
The project support four objectives as: (a) Providing a suitable science - technology
solutions system and acceptable in term of economic side to contribute agro- forestry
ecosystems which may be used at household scale in coastal soil site types, (b)
Providing fundamental of science-technology to design and contribute forest
protection network to prevent sand dune movement, agriculture protection in central
coastal part of Vietnam; (c) Enhancing land use ability and environment management
of local people in central coastal part; (d) Contributing to enhance productivity of
agro-forestry- pisciculture, increasing total income of household and reducing poverty
for local peopleprovide a suitable .
D.
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE SUMMARY
The proposed grant would finance the following contents: (a) systematize and collect
information which related to agro-forestry systems in the region; (b) develop sciencetechnology solutions to contribute on agro-forestry ecosystems at household scale and
forest protection networks in central coastal part; and (c) establish and implement of
control system and combat desertification in the region.
E.
AMOUNT OF GRANT REQUESTED
US$ 1,400,000
154
Study on science - technology solutions to establish agro- forestry ecosystems
for sustainable utilization natural resources and combating desertification in
central coastal part of Viet nam
Forest Science Institute of Vietnam
I. PROJECT GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1.
Name of project :
Study on science-technology solutions to establish agro- forestry ecosystems for
sustainable utilization natural resources and combating desertification in central coastal
part of Viet nam
1.2. Location of project:
Central coastal region of Viet nam ( from Nghe an to Ninh thuan province)
1.3. Scope of control of project :
Agriculture and rural development
1.4. Organization manage of project
Ministry of Agriculture and rural development
1.5. Project manager:
Name: Forest Science InstituTe of Vietnam
Address: Dong Ngac - Tu Liem - Ha Noi
Tel: (84) 04.8.389.031 ; FAX : (84) 04.8389722
Email: [email protected]
1.6 . Total budget ( expecting):
2 million US$ ( 31.600 million VND )
Where: - ODA fund :
- Corresponding fund:
1.4 million US$
9.480 million VND
1.7. Classification of project:
Non- refundable ODA
1.8. Expected time to conduct and finish:
- Starting time : year 2005
- Ending time: year 2008
1.9. Oversea support and cause of selecting:
II. CONTENT OF ODA PROJECT:
2.1. Project Justification:
Vietnam has more than 500,000 hectares (ha) of coastland, with more than 14,000 ha
located in Northern- central part ( Phan Lieu, 1987). This region keeps an important role in
155
eco-social development, especially in protecting environment of coastland. On the other hand,
this region is one of harshly ecosystem and has been threatened by sand movement,
salination, and desertification. About 400,000 ha (occupying 4/5 total area) of narrow sand
ranges moving along central coastal part have seriously been desertification, there are
estimated that about 20 ha of agriculture land is yearly invaded by sand dunes movement (
Nguyen Van Dang, 2002). To prevent and combat desertification of coastal part, the
government of Vietnam has issued the solution: implementing of forest plantation,
contributing green-band to combat sand movement and reduce hot-tempered, this solution is
need to be completed in the year 2005 (Pham Hoai Duc, 2002). In recent years, from
different funds as well as endeavors of local organizations in coastal central part of Vietnam,
so many forest protection ranges have been contributed with some major species, especially
as casuarina species. Models for suitable utilization of coastland were interested in making
planning, designing, contributing and were initially gained some results about protection and
economic. However, almost coastland areas have been fallowed or not-suitable utilized.
In general, the development planning in coastland is small scale, un-synchronous and
it do not meet the requirement of preventing moving sand, anti-drought and combating
desertification. Effecting utilization models for synthetize land use in coastal region have
been limited. In fact, the coastal central part has a vary of topography, geomorphology and
soil types, but one soil site has just suitable for some indicator species based on each
specifically land use model.
The coastal central part of Vietnam is being confronted some following problems:
1) Harshly natural problems:
-
Poor soil, low fertility.
-
Low forest cover, poor biological, potential of biological productivity is limited.
-
Weather is irregularly and extremely condition, tropical storms is mostly focused on
monsoon, dry season usually long time, this region is standing a lot of natural
disasters, especially in flood, typhoon and drought.
2) Social - economic problems:
-
Living standard of people in this region is really low conditions, average gross
domestic product (GDP) of some provinces in coastal region is about 64% of average
GDP in the whole country (200 US$/ per capita/ per year), some districts in this region
have a total income more lower than average GDP of some provinces in coastal
region, average yield for food products per capita are lower than 300 kg/year;
percentage of poor household is really high ( more than 30% compare to total
household in this region).
-
Even located in favorable conditions area for transportation as well as good condition
for consuming agro- forestry products market, but infrastructure has been undergrowing and un-synchronous, percentage of agro- cultivation is absolutely high, while
agro-forestry-aquatic growing rate is more lower than another region.
-
Percentage of local people is highly as above 96%, even ethnic minority is low
percentage but living standard of the local people are being depended absolutely on
agro-cultivation. Unfortunately that productivity of agriculture cultivation in this
region is really low. Therefore, poverty- alleviation movement in coastal central part
156
of Vietnam is a big challenge which connected to sustainable utilization of natural
resources in this region.
3) Science - technology and institution problems:
+ Applying science - technology to land use in coastal central were not promoted to
expecting results, even models for preventing sand dunes movement and salination have
been focusing on development in the last decade but number of effective species were
clearly limited. Excepted some popular species such as casuarina, acacia... had widely
planted, another species still have not been studied and applied in this region.
+ Lack of synchronous studies on assessing effecting of protection, preventing of
desertification, such as weather changing ability, restraining extremely weather, and/or
water generated ability of forest protection system to anti-drought for agriculture
cultivation.
In briefly, preventing of sand dune movement, combating desertification and antidrought in coastal central part of Vietnam is a huge challenge, it need a lot of endeavouring
from central government to local administrations as well as assistance from oversea organizations in frame of the United Nation Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD).
These endeavoures are aimed at overcoming some following big challenges:
1) Pressing of fast growing population and poverty are the main reasons which lead to
over-exploited limiting natural resources in this region such as soil resources,
biological resources .
2) Financial ability of Vietnamese government as well as local administrations are not
quite an enough to carrying out environmental protection projects, man - made forest
protection along coastal region, and poverty-alleviation movement projects for
population in coastal region. Its also not enough a powerful ability to control
sustainable utilization of natural resources in coastal region.
3) Forest cover of forest areas in the western side of central coastal part has clearly been
degraded. Which led to increases the extremism of weather and promotes more and
more desertification, drought processes.
The United Nation Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) was certified that
the major contents of combating desertification and anti-drought as contributing and carrying
out multi- disciplinary activity programes which aimed at sustainable natural resources
management, especially in sustainable forest resources management due to ecosystem
function of forest is very important to combat desertification and anti-drought. This is also the
major cause to carry out this project.
2.2. Project objectives:
- Short-term objectives:
1) Providing a suitable science - technology solutions system and acceptable in term of
economic side to contribute agro- forestry ecosystems which may be used at household scale
in coastal soil site types.
157
2) Providing fundamental of science-technology to design and contribute forest protection
network to prevent sand dune movement, agriculture protection in central coastal part of
Vietnam.
3) Enhancing land use ability and environment management of local people in central
coastal part.
4) Contributing to enhance productivity of agro-forestry- pisciculture, increasing total
income of household and reducing poverty for local people.
- Long - term objectives:
Increasing forest cover, improving ecosystem, preventing sand dune movement,
improving weather condition, combating desertification and anti-drought for central coastal
part.
2.3. Specifically contents of project:
Expecting results and specifically contents of project will be divided into four major
components:
1)
Systematic and collecting information which related to contribute agro-forestry
ecosystems in the region.
2)
Development of science-technology solutions to contribute agro-forestry
ecosystems at household- scale and forest protection networks in central coastal
part.
3)
Establishment and implementation of control system and estimate of combating
desertification of sustainable land use in coastal region.
More details of each component are pointed out as following logical table :
Position
I
Expecting results
Essential activities
Methods to
access
1.1. Collecting and analyzing Overview
Component I:
of
General information about: secondary-documents.
secondary
Natural , social-economic 1.2. Conducting field survey to documents
conditions, forest protection
models, land use models in
coastal region, technologies
had applied, a set of results
from
related
projects,
indigenous
knowledge,
policies and institutions,
participation of local people,
demands, expectation of local
people.
collect and asses remaining models.
1.3. To define the list of botanical,
animal species, models, sciencetechnologies have been effective
using in coastal region.
1.4. Classifying of soil site types in
coastal region to selecting suitable
land use models.
1.5. Building documents from
information which collected, sharing
information with relating partners.
1.6. Establishing database about
collected information
Rural
investigation by
using powerful
tools of PRA
methods
Building
and
managing
database based
on computer.
158
II
Component II:
Applying
sciencetechnologies solutions to
establish forest protection
network and agro-forestry
ecosystems in the coastal
region.
2.1. Study on selecting suitable
plants group for forest coastal
protection network and agro-forestry
models. for each specifically soil site
type.
2.2. Study on establishing nursery
network using advance in biotechnologies to provide sapling in
project area.
2.3. Study on developing techniques
and economize irrigation equipment
for
agro-forestry
systems
in
coastland.
2.4.
Studying,
designing,
manufacturing or
improving of
forest planting mechanize equipment
on coastland.
2.5. Study on silvicultural techniques
solutions
and
agro-forestry
techniques to build optimizing
ecosystems in coastal region.
2.6. Building performing forest
protection network along central part
of Vietnam
2.7. Building performing land use
models which trends to generate
optimizing agro-forestry ecosystem
in coastal region.
III
IV
Component III:
Enhancing ability for local
administrations: development
of
techniques
ability,
management and access skill
for rural development at
provincial,
district
and
commune level which aimed
at the goal as sustainable
natural resources management
in coastal region, combat
desertification.
Component IV:
Establishing and conducting
to control,
access of
influence
on
combating
desertification activities (
environmental influenced) of
land use systems in coastal
region
Field survey in
conjunction
with
experimental
models
to
selecting plants
species
Mechanize
nursery
with
major species
Building
experimental
model
Designing and
experimental
applying
To close with
experimental
ecology.
Imitating oases
( micro- soil
site ) on desert
to
widely
multiple
3.1. Enhancing environmental skill Training,
for local people through propagating, populizing,
populizing activities...
propagating ...
3.2. To conduct a series of training
courses
about
agro-forestry
techniques, ecosystem, environment
knowledge...
3.3. Enhancing ability and encourage
forestry- agriculture activities at
district and commune scale.
3.4. Compiling and populizing
environmental, ecological, combating
desertification documents.
4.1. Designing criteria and indicator
for
improving environmental
conditions of forest protection
network
and
agro-forestry
ecosystems.
4.2. Observing, accessing of project
activities.
In component I : Let’s assume that we have a lot of effectiveness researches,
informationss and experiences were gathered by research organizations, projects were
159
implemented inside research area. But its seem to be difficult in compiling, systematic and
populizing into users. Recently information may not be arrived to potential users and/or it
may also not be edited according to easy way to use. Results of studies still have not been
effectively reflected in recent policies. Therefore, component I is aimed at surmounting these
issues, providing a set of information to certify research requirements in component II.
In fact, component II included two main activities : study on science-technologies
solutions to establish forest protection networks in coastal region and to establish coastal land
use system follows household-ecosystem direction ( activities 2.1 to 2.5 ); building
performing models to approve recently techniques and new techniques, training and
populizing new techniques were developed ( activities 2.6 to 2.7).
Activities 2.1 and 2.2 aimed at selecting a set of suitable animal and botanical species
for using in coastal land use models; and study on establishing high-tech nursery network to
provide major sapling ( both of agriculture and forestry) for project’s requirement. Activities
2.3 and 2.4 aimed at studying on developing techniques and economize irrigation equipment
for agro-forestry systems in coastland ( desert or semi - desert ) as well as studying,
designing, manufacturing or improving of forest planting mechanize equipment on
coastland. Activities 2.5 focused on studying on silvicultural techniques, ecosystem solutions
to build agro-forestry ecosystems according to “ household- ecosystem” , “ ecosystem village
“ in coastal region.
Component III includes some major activities such as: training, propagating, giving
new techniques to household and community.. to enhance ability actions of local
administrations on combating desertification in conjunction with poverty movement in central
coastal region.
Component IV mainly focused on designing criteria and indicator for improving
environmental conditions of coastal land use systems and observing as well as accessing of
project activities are one of major contents of project.
2.4. Expected budget:
-
Where:
Non- refundable fund: 1.4 million US$
Corresponding fund and sources:
9.480 million VND from national budget and
contribute of local people.
2.5. Project implementation planning:
Process
Position
I
Component
Component I:
General information
about:
Natural,
social-economic
conditions,
forest
protection
models,
land use models in
coastal
region,
technologies
had
applied, a set of
Activities
1.1. Collecting and analyzing
secondary-documents
1.2. Conducting field survey to
collect and asses remaining
models
1.3. To define the list of
botanical,
animal
species,
models,
science-technologies
have been effective using in
coastal region.
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
1
2
1
1 2
X
x
x
x
x
x
2
In
charge
160
results from related
projects, indigenous
knowledge, policies
and
institutions,
participation of local
people,
demands,
expectation of local
people.
II
III
Component II:
Applying
sciencetechnologies
solutions to establish
forest
protection
network and agroforestry ecosystems
in the coastal region.
Component III:
Enhancing ability for
local administrations:
development
of
techniques
ability,
management
and
access skill for rural
development
at
provincial,
district
and commune level
which aimed at the
goal as sustainable
natural
resources
management
in
coastal
region,
combat
desertification.
1.4. Classifying of soil site
types in coastal region to
selecting suitab land use
models.
1.5. Building documents from
information which collected,
sharing
information
with
relating partners.
1.6. Establishing database about
collected information
2.1. Study on selecting suitable
plants group for forest coastal
protection network and agroforestry models .for each
specifically soil site type.
2.2. Study on establishing
nursery network using advance
in bio-technologies to provide
sapling in project area.
2.3. Study on developing
techniques and
economize
irrigation equipment for agroforestry systems in coastland.
2.4.
Studying,
designing,
manufacturing or improving of
forest
planting
mechanize
equipment on coastland.
2.5. Study on silvicultural
techniques solutions and agroforestry techniques to build
optimizing
ecosystems
in
coastal region.
2.6.Building performing forest
protection network along central
part of Vietnam
2.7. Building performing land
use models which trends to
generate
optimizing
agroforestry ecosystem in coastal
region
3.1. Enhancing environmental
skill for local people through
propagating,
populizing
activities...
3.2. To conduct a series of
training courses about agroforestry techniques, ecosystem,
environment knowledge...
3.3. Enhancing ability and
encourage forestry- agriculture
activities at district and
commune scale.
3.4. Compiling and populizing
environmental,
ecological,
combating
desertification
documents.
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x x
x
x x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x x
x
x
161
Component IV:
Establishing
and
conducting
to
control,
access of
influence
on
combating
desertification
activities
(
environmental
influenced) of land
use systems in coastal
region
IV
4.1. Designing
criteria and
indicator for
improving
environmental conditions of
forest protection network and
agro-forestry ecosystems.
4.2. Observing, accessing of
project activities.
x
x
x
x x
x
x
x x
Organizing for implementation:
Organizing of project will conduct as follows:
-
Establishing 01 project management unit which includes major partners: Project’s
director ( Forest science institute of Vietnam - FSIV ); Major advisor (International );
co-ordinator ( Vietnam).
-
Research Unit includes two groups: (i) Short-term international experts at combating
desertification and techniques; (ii) indoor research group includes researchers of FSIV
and related organization, such as : silvicultural, mechanism, ecosystem, and
agricultural experts.
-
At local level will establish field management groups which included relating local
administrations, and selecting department of agriculture and rural development at
provincial level is a clue.
III. PROJECT EFFECTIVENESS ASSESSMENT:
3.1. General assessment of financial results:
Expected results of project can be preliminary quantified as follows:
+ Increasing total income of household who participated in project to 500 US$ per capita/
per year from 200 US$/ per capita/ year in the year 2008.
+ Establishing 700 ha of forest protection networks and 300 ha of household- ecosystem
models.
+ Yearly providing about 1 million sapling for forest protection plantation along coastal
region.
3.2. Social results:
The project will have a positive effect on social side, especially in term of persons
who directly gained such as participated household, community. The project will widely
diversified and provide more total income opportunities to them all by supporting them to
sustainable utilization of soil resource; providing more jobs opportunity through
exploiting of waste coastland to establish forest protection network. The project will also
contribute to poverty movement in rural area by participating in rural economic
development through some actions:
162
-
Land allocation for production and supporting land use techniques according to
household-ecosystem in conjunction between protection and production.
-
Providing more jobs for local people through forest protection plantation in coastal
region.
-
Increasing more income for local people from agro-forestry models.
-
Broadening more knowledge and enhancing environmental management activities for
community.
3.3. Environment results:
- The project will directly contribute to enhance environment protection activities for local
people in coastal region.
- Providing new science-technology to establishing and restoring forest protection
ecosystems, agro-forestry ecosystems, household-ecosystem models, ecosystem- village
to link between economic benefit and improve ecosystem environment, increasing soil
fertilities.
- Project activities will contribute to increases forest cover and generate coastal
ecosystems to prevent sand movement, anti-drought, improve weather conditions, combat
desertification.
- Contributing to biodiversity protection in harshly ecosystem: central coastal part of
Vietnam.
3.4. Sustainable of project in the next period:
Successfully of project will create a good conditions for following stage in term of
social-economic sustainable development through main contributes as follows:
+ Providing a set of science-technology solutions for coastal household to apply for
sustainable utilization soil resources and biological resources in coastal region.
+ Preventing desertification, improving ecosystem environment.
+ Enhancing consciousness and ability activities of local administrations according to
clean development mechanism in project area.
163
SUMMARY
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FUNDING PROPOSAL VN-04-CH2
A.
COUNTRY
Vietnam
B.
PROJECT
Drought damage reduction study in Central Highlands of Vietnam.
C.
PROJECT SUMMARY
The project will support two key objectives: (a) To discover a sound base on socioeconomic and technical feasible aspects related to severe drought damage in Western
Highlands region in a whole and (b) To propose a pilot/demo project on application of
the most suitable hydro-meteorological technology towards drought damage reduction
based on WMO/GIWA standards.
D.
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE SUMMARY
The proposed grant would finance to do the following activities: (a) Hydrometeorological data collection for the period from 1976; (b) Field reconnaissance for
ungauged sites that do not have measurement stations; (c) Historical field survey on
occurred drought evens for all five provinces using rapid rural assessment (RRA)
method based on Global International Water Assessment (GIWA) standard
questionnaire; (d) Develop criteria for evaluation of drought extent and (e) Develop
thematic drought area maps using 3 ranges with different colour.
E.
AMOUNT OF GRANT REQUESTED
US$ 75,000
164
Drought Damage Reduction Study in Central Highlands of Viet Nam
National Center for Hydrometeorology
I. GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1 Project Title: Drought Damage Reduction Study in Central Highlands of Viet Nam
1.2 Project Area: All five provinces in Central Highlands Region (Gia Lai, Dak Lak, Kon
Tum, Dak Nong, Lam Dong)
1.3 Specific Branch: Hydrometeorology / Desertification
1.4 Executing Agency: National Center for Hydrometeorology
Under Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
1.5 Implementing Agencies: Central (Western) Highlands Regional Hydrometeorology
Service (WHRHMS) in Co-operation with Centre for Application of Hydrometeorological
Technology (HYMETECH)
Contact persons:
In Ha Noi:
Mr Nguyen Hoai, Hydrometeorologist (CV available upon request)
HYMETECH, 24C Ba Trieu, Hoan Kiem District, Ha Noi
Tel: 84-4 9362712 Fax: 84-4 9362711 Email: [email protected]
In Gia Lai:
Mr Ngo Chi Binh, Deputy Director
WHRHMS, 13 Truong Chinh, Pleiku City, Gia Lai
Tel: (84-59) 828098, Mobile: 0913421340. E-Mail: [email protected]
1.6 Estimated Budget:
VND
Total
equiv.
USDollar
1 685 000 000
106 640
1 185 000 000
75 000
of which:
ODA:
Counterpart:
500 000 000
31 640
1.7 Project Type: ODA Grant’s Technical Assistance
1.8 Time frame: 36 months starting early 2005
1.9 Proposed Foreigner Fund and Reason: UNDP Desertification programme.
Drought in Western Highlands in one of the severe natural phenomena in Viet Nam
that may closely relate to the desertification phenomena and that needs international cooperation effort.
165
II. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 Justification
Drought is a phenomenon presenting the lack or insufficiency of rain for an extended
period that causes a considerable hydrologic (water) imbalance and, consequently, water
shortages, crop damage, stream flow reduction, and depletion of groundwater and soil
moisture. It occurs when evaporation and transpiration (the movement of water in the soil
through plants into the air) exceed precipitation for a considerable period. Drought is the most
serious physical hazard to agriculture in nearly every part of the world. Efforts have been
made to control it by seeding clouds to induce rainfall, but these experiments have had only
limited success.
In general, there are four basic kinds of drought:
1. Permanent drought characterizes the driest climates, the sparse vegetation is adapted to
aridity, and agriculture is impossible without continuous irrigation.
2. Seasonal drought occurs in climates that have well-defined annual rainy and dry seasons,
for successful agriculture, planting must be adjusted so that the crops develop during the rainy
season.
3. Unpredictable drought involves an abnormal rainfall failure, it may occur almost anywhere
but is most typical for humid and sub-humid climates. Usually brief and irregular, it often
affects only a relatively small area.
4. Invisible drought can also be recognized as follows: in summer, when high temperatures
induce high rates of evaporation and transpiration, even frequent showers may not supply
enough water to restore the amount lost, the result is a borderline water deficiency that
diminishes crop yields.
In Viet Nam, drought is one of the most serious physical hazards to agriculture. It
ranks third after flood and typhoon. It occurs often and causes serious damage to agriculture
during the most critical agricultural production seasons, winter-spring (January through April)
and summer-autumn (May through August). Meteorological data observed in Viet Nam show
that drought occurs during the winter-spring crop has very high frequency of exceeding.
Severe drought in large area often occurs at frequency of 2 to 4 years and relatively coincides
with the occurrence of ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation). For instance, during the winterspring crop in the Red River Basin (Northern Viet Nam), for a 22-period 1977 through 1998
of which there were 16 droughts observed. Of that, 2, 3 and 5 heavy, medium and light
droughts occurred respectively. For the summer-autumn crop, during a 22-period, 1977
through 1998, there was 20 years, droughts were observed. Of that, 3 heavy and very heavy, 8
medium and 9 light droughts occurred.
The effects of drought can be mitigated in a number of ways. Forecasts based on
rainfall records can enable measures to be taken that will lessen the effects. Long-term
measures include water conservation projects such as aquifer recharge and the construction of
reservoirs. In addition, experiments in techniques of WEATHER MODIFICATION may hold
promise for the future.
166
2.2 Objectives
2.2.1
Long-term or Development
To strengthern the technical and managerial capability of the Western Highland
Regional Hydrometeorology Service in investigation, survey; develop criteria for zoning of
severe driest areas and recommend relevant project portfolios aiming at reducing drought
damage, hence reducing poverty in all five provinces in Western Highlands of Viet Nam.
2.2.2
Immediate
•
To discover a sound base on socio-economic and technical feasible aspects related
to severe drought damage in Western Highlands region in a whole
•
To propose a pilot/ demo project on application of the most suitable hydrometeorological technology toward drought damage reduction based on
WMO/GIWA standards.
2.3 Scope
2.3.1 Hydro-meteorological data collection for the period from 1976
2.3.2 Field reconnaissance for ungauged sites that do not have measurement stations
2.3.3 Historical field survey on occurred drought evens for all five provinces using rapid
rural assessment (RRA) method based on Global International Water Assessment (GIWA)
standard questionnaire.
2.3.4 Develop criteria for evaluation of drought extent includes:
2.3.4.1 Meteorological criteria
2.3.4.2 Surface water flow module-based criteria
2.3.4.3 Domestic water supply-based criteria
2.3.4.4 Agro-forestry water supply-based criteria
2.3.5 Develop thematic drought area maps using 3 ranges with different colour below, for
instance:
•
Yellow: drought
•
Brown: severe drought
•
Red: very severe drought.
2.3.6 Solution
2.3.6.1 Develop warning scheme and forecasting tool to foresee or predict dry extent and
surface water exhaust
2.3.6.2 Develop warning/ forecasting scheme to predict forest five occurrence
2.3.6.3 Develop forecasting tool to predict income flow into water use structures (large
reservoirs, dams)
2.3.6.4 Develop sound plan for preventing deforestation, encouraging aforestation and
protecting forest at water body source
2.3.6.5 Develop action plan for limiting the use of ...water during critical dry season
2.3.6.6 Develop a course of recommendations for projecting living area taking account on
rearrangement of plant and animal species to suit relevant crops.
2.4 Proposed Budget Division
167
ODA Grant: 71%
Counterpart: 29%
2.5 Implementation Arrangement
2.5.1
A Project Management Unit (PMU) and its 5 subordinate offices will be established
at both Central and Provincial Government level.
2.5.2
A Technical Assistance programme will be developed with assistance from both
UNDP Ha Noi and National Centre for Hydrometeorology of Ministry of Natural Resource
and Environment.
2.6 Project Evaluation
2.6.1
About 15% of the total project budget will be allocated for the project evaluation at
the end of the project. Probably, additional fund may be required.
2.6.2
An independent team leaded by a qualified evaluation specialist funded by the
UNDP office is necessary.1[1]
168
SUMMARY
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FUNDING PROPOSAL VN-04-GL
A.
COUNTRY
Vietnam
B.
PROJECT
Combating land degradation and soil erosion in Gia Lai province.
C.
PROJECT SUMMARY
The project will have three components: (a) design for setting up protection forests
along rivers/streams based on the existing documents, (b) forest establishment and
rehabilitation (set up protection forest along rivers/streams in 4 project districts with
total about 1,000 ha) and (c) planning and management.
D.
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE SUMMARY
The proposed grant will finance to (a) Identify mechanisms and regulations for forest
buffer zones of rivers/streams; (b) Identify forest species for establishment of
plantations for protection purpose, of agro-forestry production areas affected by soil
erosion or threaten to be affected by serious soil erosion; (c) Set up 1,000 ha of
concentrated protection forests in 4 project districts and (d) Establish 2,000 ha of agroforestry are for local ethnic minorities, especially design agro-forestry production
models in sloping land.
E.
AMOUNT OF GRANT REQUESTED
US$ 2,448,000
169
Combating land degradation and soil erosion in Gia Lai province
Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Gia Lai
I. PROJECT’S BRIEF INFORMATION
1.1 Project title
Combating land degradation and soil erosion in Gia Lai province.
1.2 Project area: Ayun Pa, Chư Prông, Chư Sê and Krông Pa District, Gia Lai.
1.3 Project sector: Agriculture and Rural development
1.4 Project executing agency: Gia Lai People Committee
1.5 Project implementing agency:
Name: DARD of Gia Lai, Contact address: 24 Quang Trung-Pleiku.
Tel: (59) 873 723. Fax: (59) 715 416.
1.6 Total tentative project budget: 44,669,760,000 VND (equivalent to 2,827,200
USD), of which:
ODA (USD):
Government contribution (USD):
2,448,000
(38,678,400,000 VND)
379,200 (5,991,360,000 VND)
1.7 Project type: Grant
1.8 Tentative proposed project period: 2004-2008
1.9 Proposal for overseas funding and reasons for funding:
•
Local financing capacity (as central budget, provincial budget, budget of
organizations and enterprises) does not meet the demand of project financing
requirement.
•
Lack of project implementing capacity and experience.
II. MAIN CONTENTS OF ODA PROJECT:
2.1 Project necessity:
Gia Lai belongs to Central Highland, with total geographic land area of
1,549,571 ha. According to the latest statistics in 1998, the total forested land of Gia
Lai is 758,975 ha, of bare upland area without forests is 345,384 ha, and of other land
170
is 445,212 ha. The forest cover is 48.6% (according to the Decision 1281/QĐ/BNNKL dated May 27 2004 of MARD on total national land area statistics in 2003).
The total area of plantations in the province up to now is 31,000 ha.
2.1.1 Natural characteristics
+ Terrain
Gia Lai is a mountainous province with the average height level of 800-900 m
above the sea. The highest mount is Kon Ka Kinh (of K’Bang District) with 1,748m
above the sea level, and the lowest area is Ba River lower location (100m). The terrain
is lower and lower from the North to the South and from the East to the West, divided
into three main terrain types as follows:
Mountainous terrain: occupies of about two fifths of total land area of the
province, consists of continuous trips or scattered trips of mountains of 500m above
the sea level and more than 15o slope. This type of terrain is located mainly in Northeast, East and South-east area. There is specifically Mang Yang range of mountains
starting from Kon Ka Kinh in Krông Pa district divided the province into 2 climate
area of East Truong Son and West Truong Son Range. In addition, there are some
upland areas creating a mountain block such as: North and West Chư Pảh, West of
Chư Prông District and South of Chư Sê.
The mountainous terrain is complex and high slope that makes difficult assess
and soil erosion. Most of this area is mainly covered by forest vegetation, where there
are ethnic minorities and illegal migrants living. There are still illegal logging, shifting
cultivation that make forest resources and ecological systems seriously degraded.
Central highland terrain: There are two Bazan highlands located in Gia Lai,
and that is Pleiku and Kon Hà Nừng highlands, consists about one thirds of total land
of the province.
The Pleiku highland is located in most of West Truong Son in Gia Lai, with
the average of 600-700 m high, and 3-15o sloping, and slightly divided. This area has
been exploited for long time, most of vegetation has been replaced by long-term
agricultural crops and short-rotation crops such as rubber, coffee, tea, rice, corn,
cassava, peanut... with concentrated scale and fast developed.
Kon Ha Nung Highland: is located mainly in North-east to reach Ka Nak of
K’Bang District, with 800-900m high and 10-18o slopping. There is still some Granite
mountains. Most of the highland is covered by forest vegetation.
Valley terrain: this terrain is located along rivers and streams with slightly flat
terrain, less divided and mostly covered by old or new alluvial soil with high level of
nutrient and suitable for agricultural crops. The most typical is lower location of Ba
River, setting concentrated large field area. There are 2 big valleys and that are An
Khê of 1,312 km2 and Cheo Reo-Phú Túc of 1,474 km2 suitable for rice and short-term
crops production and livestock development.
171
Climate conditions
Gia Lai is located in the North of Central Highlands belonging to tropical
climate region with significant two seasons: dry and rainy. There is no storm or
hoarfrost.
Rainy season: starting from May-June to October-November, having 80-90%
of annual rainfall. The main direction of wind is South-West; the rains begins ends the
East Trường Sơn one month later than in the West Truong Son.
Dry season: starting from November-December to April-May of next year,
with almost no rain or little rain. The main direction of wind is North-East. Due to the
high terrain to block the winds, there is often long dry season in Gia Lai.
Temperature: Due to the complex and diversified terrain, the temperature in
Gia Lai is also decreased by height. The total temperature is 8000-9000oC. The
average temperature is 21-23o (in Pleiku station is 21.8oC and in Cheo Reo station is
25.5oC). The maximum temperature is 40.8oC (recorded in Cheo Reo in 1993),
minimum temperature is 5.6oC (recorded in Pleiku in 1993). The difference between
the two seasons is 5-6oC, between day and night is 13-15oC.
Rainfall: The total annual rainfall is 2100-2200mm. The highest rainfall occurs
in Pleiku Town (2,917mm) recorded in 1996. The lowest rainfall is in Ayun Pa
(average is 1,327mm or lower0), the rain concentrates in July, August and September.
The number of rainy days is more than 100 days (Pleiku: 156 days, Ayun Pa: 114
days).
Humidity: The average humidity is 80 - 94%.
Winds: The most common wind is North-east (normally in dry season) and
South-west (in rainy season). The average wind speed is 3-3.5m/s, sometimes it
reaches to 20m/s. The squall normally occurs in winter, though no storms but often
affected by tropical low pressure coming from the East Sea that makes long winds.
Due to the characteristics of the climate in rainy and dry season, the rainfall
usually concentrates in rainy season with continuous and long tendency. In addition,
the shifting cultivation methods of ethnic minorities make the land degradation and
soil erosion more seriously thus led to natural water flow, water capacity and quality
of watershed areas.
2.2 Project objectives:
2.2.1 Immediate objectives:
•
Identify mechanisms and regulations for forest buffer zones of
rivers/streams rehabilitation and development.
•
Identify forest species for establishment of plantations for protection
purpose, of agro-forestry production areas affected by soil erosion or
threaten to be affected by serious soil erosion.
172
•
Set up 1,000 ha of concentrated protection forests in 4 project districts.
•
Establish 2,000 ha of agro-forestry are for local ethnic minorities,
especially design agro-forestry production models in sloping land.
2.2.2 Long-term objectives:
•
Develop sustainable forestry to combat desertification. Promote
sustainable forest resources management, especially in watershed areas,
prevent land degradation, mitigate the effects of disasters and drought,
control of water flow in rivers/lakes for irrigation, contribute to ecological
systems protection linked with poverty alleviation .
•
Set up protection forests and agro-forestry systems for other areas in the
province, especially in the areas without forests or low forest cover.
2.3 Project components
2.3.1 Design for setting up protection forests: Design a forest buffer zones along
river/stream based on the existing documents inside or outside the country on
the watershed forests. Classify water flows to identify the scale of protection
belts.
2.3.2 Forest establishment and rehabilitation: Set up protection forests along
river/stream to in 4 project districts. The total area of forests is about 1,000 ha,
concentrated mainly in seriously soil erosion project area, among which there
is also some area of production forests.
2.3.3 Planning and management:
-
Set up maps system designed for protection forests, the area for setting
up this kind of forests. Propose agro-forestry models for project areas.
-
Monitor project activities, evaluate plantations as well as the agroforestry systems .
-
Assess the environment and social impacts in the project areas .
-
Conduct training, technology transfer for results extension.
-
Disseminate information via mass media.
2.4 Estimated budget: Grant from ODA
Local budget and resources: State budget from ongoing Government programmes such
as Progranmme 132, 661,…
2.5 Implementing schedule:
-
ToR development:
Oct. 2004
Consultants selection: Nov. 2004
173
-
Consultants mobilization: Dec. 2004
Project implementation: From Jan. 2005 to Oct. 2008
Final report of consultants: Dec. 2008
2.6 Project benefit analysis
2.6.1 Financing benefit:
-
The project will set up protection forests system along river/stream in local
areas. This will assist to protect and control natural water flow, increase
water flow capacity and resources for irrigation, agriculture, aquaculture and
livestock development.
-
Increase income for local people and economic organizations through water
resource utilization and land use by mitigation of soil erosion .
-
Set up production forests, increase economic benefit for local people through
plantation harvesting and exploitation of non-timber forest products .
2.6.2
Social benefits:
-
Through project implementation, local people will get more job opportunities
and income due to better water resource management for agro-forestry
production, fruit tree development, and thus contribute to stabilization of
living conditions, mitigation of shifting cultivation and illegal deforestation.
-
The application of production models in sloping land will change the
backward tradition in cultivation as well as create chances for new cultivating
technology application to increase crop productivity, soil nutrient and prolong
cultivating period.
-
Improve and maintain public transportation systems, develop livelihood of
local communities.
2.6.3 Environment benefits:
The project will assist to increase forest cover especially in the areas affected
by soil erosion and land degradation. The water flow will be rehabilitated and
maintained for water fauna and flora systems development; for humidity forest
vegetation system development; for clean water supply to meet the demand of daily
life, production; control water flow, mitigate soil erosion, flash flood; clean the air,
rehabilitate quickly existing forest vegetation, improve climate conditions in the local
areas.
2.6.4 Project sustainability in future development process:
It is estimated that in the third year of implementation, the project will achieve
all objectives. In further years, the protection forests will be protected and developed
to other areas of the province. The models fro protection forests development to
combat land degradation, and soil erosion will be applied fro forest area of protection
purpose. The models of agro-forestry, especially in sloping area will be further
174
extended, disseminated and trained to local people as well as to other areas people
based on the defined specific crop systems for each localities.
3. Estimated budget
Item
Activities
Number
Unit cost Number of
Total (USD)
(per month) months
A. Grant
2,448,000
1. Consultants
1.1.International
272,000
Land use planning, survey and model design Fee: $400/ day
1
12,000
12
144,000
Travel:
1
5,000
4
20,000
Per diem:
1
3,000
4
12,000
Others:
translation[1]
1
2,000
4
8,000
M&E
Fee: $400/ day
1
12,000
4
48,000
Others:
Travel:
1
5,000
4
20,000
Per diem:
1
3,000
4
12,000
translation[2]
1
2,000
4
8,000
1.2. Local
256,000
Land use planning, survey and model design Fee: $50/ day
Forest planting
2
1,500
4
12,000
Travel:
2
500
4
4,000
Per diem:
2
2,000
4
16,000
Fee: $50/ day
2
1,500
12
36,000
Travel:
2
500
20
20,000
Per diem:
2
2,000
5
20,000
Fee: $50/day
2
1,500
12
36,000
Travel:
2
500
20
20,000
Per diem:
2
2,000
5
20,000
Fee: $50/day
2
1,500
4
12,000
Travel:
2
500
8
8000
Per diem:
2
2,000
4
16,000
Fee: $50/ day
2
1,500
4
12,000
Travel:
2
500
8
8,000
Per diem:
2
2,000
4
16,000
2. Forest planting, planting material
(including equipment)
1000
1,200
1,200,000
3. Support agro-forestry, resetlement
2000
300
600,000
12
10,000
120,000
Agro-forestry
Training and technology transfer
M&E
4. Others
Workshop,
B. Government contribution
379,200
1. Project staff
4
1,000
48
192,000
2. Car rental
2
1,600
48
153,600
3. Electricity
1
400
48
19,200
4. Maintenance
1
300
48
14,400
Total A+B
2,827,200
175
SUMMARY
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FUNDING PROPOSAL VN-04-CH3
A.
COUNTRY
Vietnam
B.
PROJECT
Study on scientific basis and integrated technical solution in order to reduce
degradation and recover fertilities of degraded soil in Tay Nguyen.
C.
PROJECT SUMMARY
The project will support to determine the reasons of soil degradation from that try to
recover and build up pilot agro-forestry models for technical utilization, protection
and improvement of soil in Tay Nguyen and to establish a cultivated mode that a
modern method of using soil in order to reduce degradation will be applied.
D.
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE SUMMARY
The proposed grant would finance to: (a) build up a method for soil degradation
evaluation; (b) investigate the degradation soil distribution in Tay Nguyen, (c) study
on the reason of soil degradation in Tay Nguyen and (d) find out the solution to
prevent soil from degradation and solution to improve the fertility of degraded soil.
E.
AMOUNT OF GRANT REQUESTED
US$ 120,000
176
Study on scientific basis and integrated technical solution in order to reduce
degradation and recover fertilities of degraded soil in Tay Nguyen
National Institute for Soils and Fertilizers
1. GENERAL INFORMATION OF THE PROJECT
1.1 Project name:
Study on scientific basis and integrated technical solution in order to reduce
degradation and recover fertilities of degraded soil in Tay Nguyen
1.2 Location: DakLak, Dak Nong, Gia Lai, Kon Tum
1.3 Project field: Agro-forestry
1.4 Managing organization: National Institute for Soils and Fertilizers
1.5 Project manager: Dr. Bui Huy Hien
Contact address: National Institute for Soils and Fertilizers,
Dong Ngac, Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam
1.6 Estimated project cost:
1,975,000,000 VND and 125,000 USD
Of which,
ODA fund:
120,000
USD
Corresponding fund: 79,000,000
VND
1.7 Project type: No-refund ODA investment.
1.8 Estimated project duration: 2005 – 2008
1.9 Propose foreign sponsor and reason of selection:
Tay Nguyen, has been considered for a long time as a fertilized area, is a paradise of
many valuable crops such as coffee, rubber, pepper, fruits tree, beans, ect. However, the most
proportion of this area is slopping land that under the impact of humid and high temperature
climate with high and concentrated rainfall in raining season so that a number of unfavorable
pedological phenomena are occurred, result in the rapid loss of soil fertility. In addition, a
number of irrational uses of lands, such as cultivating annual crop monoculture, supplying
unbalance fertilizer, over using of chemical fertilizer and improperly using of pesticide, etc.
Consequently, soil environment has been seriously degraded.
In fact, soil fertility progress in agriculture land in Tay Nguyen is following negative
tendency. Million hectares of exploited land from natural forest is loosing nutrients, lacking
water, being firm and solid, even loosing the productivity. However, degradation of soil
fertility by human activities day by day is not recognized everywhere by everyone. Hence,
deciding to invest for research and building demonstration modeling on using, protecting and
improving soil fertility are useful activities for life and environment sakes in the future of
humanity, in particular, for mountain people.
177
II. ODA PROJECT CONTENTS
2.1 The important of project
At present, policies of expanding arable land and providing more land for mountain
people in particularly Tay Nguyen people are necessary demands. Nevertheless, fertility land
is always limited so that we also have to conserve environmental and ecological securities.
Therefore, preventing soil degradation, renewing and improving fertility of degraded soil for
cultivation and reducing natural calamity and destroying forest, etc. not only help in economy
and technology but also in culture society and ecological environment of Tay Nguyen, a
strategic area.
2.2 Objectives of project
Short-term target: Determine the reasons of soil degradation from that try to recover
and build up pilot agro-foresty models for technical using, protecting, and improving of soil
in Tay Nguyen.
Long-term target: Establish a cultivated mode that a modern method of using soil in
order to reduce degradation will be applied. The purpose is to build up the stable agro-foresty
produce and a settled ecological environment for the highland in general or for Tay Nguyen
specifically.
2.3 Detailed contents of the project
- Build up a method for soil degradation evaluation.
- Investigate the degradation soil distribution in Tay Nguyen
- Study on the reason of soil degradation in Tay Nguyen
- Find out the solution to prevent soil from degradation and solution to improve the
fertility of degradation soil.
2.4 Expected fund
- No-refund investment:
- Internal corresponding fund and supplying sources:
120,000 USD
5,000 USD
2.5 Plan for carrying out the project
Work contents
1
2
Building up the detailed proposal.
Examining and approving the proposal,
correcting the proposal according to
the Committee opinion
Collecting the data, materials, maps of
degradation soil in the whole Tay
Nguyen area
3
Surveying present land use, crop yield;
taking soil sample at survey area
4
Selecting location for experiment;
building up demonstration field at
Expected results
Duration
Responsible
organization
NISF
Soil research center
of Tay Nguyen
Inspected proposal
Oct-Dec
2004
Available data, materials,
convey and study results,
maps,
diagrams
of
degradation soil
Handle present land use,
crop
yield,
collect
enough soil samples
Jan-Mar
2005
NISF
Soil research center
of Tay Nguyen
Apr, Oct
2005
Apr, Oct
2007
Apr 2004
Apr 2006
NISF
Soil research center
of Tay Nguyen
Select soil type
experiment, build
for
up
NISF
Soil research center
178
provinces.
demonstration
model
following the proposal.
Prepare crop varieties,
materials, and fertilizers
for the experiments and
models.
5
Preparing
materials,
equipment,
breeding, labors for the experiment and
model.
6
Implementing field experiment
7
Building up demonstration model.
8
Observing soil degradation processes.
9
Observing growth, yield of crop
Collecting
data
accurately and in time.
10
Analyzing soil and vegetation samples
Accurate data
11
Conducting technical training, on-field
meeting, distributing documentation of
soil protection and improvement,
fertilizer use for local people.
Synthesizing, processing and assessing
the surveyed data and analyzed data.
Transfer
modern
cultivation technique on
slopping land for local
people
Data
are
processed
accurately and in time
following
statistic
method.
13
Presenting annual brief report
Synthesize annual results
of research and models.
14
Writing general report
Review achieved results
of project; record of
checking
after
acceptance the project;
fund balance
12
Design and observe field
experiment
following
standard
methods;
analyze accurately and in
time.
Model of land use, soil
protecting,
improving
degraded soil must be
simple, easy to follow
and popularize.
Collect data and samples
accurately and in time.
of Tay Nguyen
Apr-Jun
2005
Apr-Jun
2006
Apr-Jun
2007
Apr-Jun
2008
Jun 2005
to
Dec
2006
NISF
Soil research center
of Tay Nguyen
Jun 2006
to
Oct
2008
NISF
Soil research center
of Tay Nguyen
Jun 2005
to
Dec
2008
Jun 2005
to
Dec
2008
Jul 2005
Jul 2006
Jul 2007
Jul 2008
May 2006
May 2007
May 2008
NISF
Soil research center
of Tay Nguyen
NISF
Soil research center
of Tay Nguyen
NISF
Soil research center
of Tay Nguyen
Oct – Dec
2005
Oct – Dec
2006
Oct – Dec
2007
Oct – Dec
2008
Dec 2005
Dec 2006
Dec 2007
Oct – Dec
2008
NISF
Soil research center
of Tay Nguyen
NISF
Soil research center
of Tay Nguyen
NISF
Soil research center
of Tay Nguyen
NISF
Soil research center
of Tay Nguyen
NISF
179
III. EFFECT OF THE PROJECT
3.1 Financial effect:
After the project is finished and becomes popular, it will be applied in agriculture
production and contributes a valuable part in reducing soil nutrient loss by erosion, leaching.
It also saves the fertilizer using and remains stable crop yield.
Obtained research results in some study areas show that the annual average soil loss
per hectare of mountainous soil in Tay Nguyen is around 13-15 tons of surface layer by
erosion that contains about 45.5kg N (equivalent 100kg Urea), 26.9kg P2O5 (equivalent 200kg
phosphorus); 10.36kg K2O (equivalent 17kg KCL); 550 kg CaO (equivalent 330kg lime),
500kg MgO, etc. As estimated, nutrient loss through erosion is around 700,000 – 900,000
VND/ha/year.
3.2 Social effect
Due to saving cost by reducing nutrient loss, crop yield will be stable, the live
intellectual standards of people is improved. Hence, people have opportunity to know
apply the new techniques, taking part in improvement their social cultural live
establishing new ways of scientific thinking and working instead of insufficient
improperly ones.
and
and
and
and
3.3 Environmental effect
Wildly applying outputs of this project in agro-forestry production not only brings
financial effect through achievable products but also establishes green and clean
environments in rural and mountainous areas. Green fields are powerful harmonized system
for resident and urban areas. In addition, reducing of chemical fertilizer use and enhance
organic residue and agricultural side product use result in minimizing pollution of soil and
water environments by over flow and leaching of residue chemical fertilizer into fresh water
source.
3.4 Stable in further development period
Application of project outputs brings high economic effect, promotes social and
cultural development and clean environment and improves public health. Above impact of the
project are forces to promote people to apply modern technologies in their production
processes.
180
SUMMARY
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FUNDING PROPOSAL VN-04-TTH
A.
COUNTRY
Vietnam
B.
PROJECT
Establishment protection models in order to combat quicksand and establishment
technical silviculture process to combat desertification of hinterland in Thua Thien
Hue province.
C.
PROJECT SUMMARY
The project will support two key objectives: (a) establishment of main models
focusing on combating desertification, quicksand and dune area in Thua Thien-hue
province and administer to obviate staveling and reduce poor manages and improve
life of local people in the village by getting benefit from the project; (b) rest of
desertification science and distil from main modeld are possible to work out in order
to protection combating quicksand and desertification in dune area, hinterland area
and multiply in all dune area in Thua Thien-Hue province.
D.
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE SUMMARY
The proposed grant would finance to (a) trawling all dune area, hinterland area, quick
land area to make a master plan map; (b) manage and protect stern 6,000 ha shrub
forest that exist in natural quicksand, hinterland, dune, glade sand ... in Thua ThienHue; (c) new afforest 3,000 ha in order to combat quicksand and desertification; (d)
establishment a processing of silviculture technical to combat desertification in dune
area, hinterland area in Thua Thien-Hue province.
E.
AMOUNT OF GRANT REQUESTED
US$ 882,000
181
Establishment protection models in order to combat quicksand and
establishment a processing of silviculture technical to combat desertification of
hinterland in Thừa Thiên Huế province
Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Thua Thien-Hue
I. BROAD INFORMATION OF PROJECT:
1. Name of project: “Establishment protection models in order to combat quicksand and
Establishment technical silviculture process to combat desertification of hinterland in Thừa
Thiên Huế province”
2. Agency management:
a) Address contact: 14 Lê Lợi - Huế b) Phone number/Fax: 054.822521
3. Principal of project:
a) Address contact: 07 Đống Đa - Huế
b) Phone number/Fax: 054.848758
4. Agency proposal project:
a) Address contact: 07 Đống Đa - Huế
b) Phone number/Fax: 054.845817
5. Preoccupation time to start and finish project:
- The time to start: 01/11/2004
- The time to finish: 30/12/2007
6. Locality in order to working out of project:
In 22 villages such as: 5 Ngu Đien villages, Phong Hoa village, Đien Hai village,
Phong Chương village, Phong Đien village, Quang Vinh village, Quang Thái village,… in
four districts such as: Phong Đien district, Quang Đien district, Huong Tra district and Phu
Vang district of Thua Thien Hue province.
7. Totalization investerment for project: 980,000.00 USD
7.1. ODA capital: 882,000.00 USD
7.2. National capital: 1,548,400,000.00 VND, total amount 98,000.00 USD
8. ODA-form provide: ODA not pay back.
II. PROJECT’S CONTENT
1. Postulate to have a project
1.1. Back-ground
* The hinterland area fill more than fouty thousand hectares, therein dune area fill
more than forty percentages. In droughty season implicate rigorous weather system such as:
south-western wind blow strong, high temperature 30-400C, humidity of the air too low to
become the best condition to make the sand moving around and changing dune because of the
wind blow. This is one of main cause to incite element. Besides, the method cultivate
backward agriculture is the same cause to incite wasteland,... chronological sand area
overcover gain on the regions to be able to cultivate agriculture. But we have not got telling
solution yet in order to prevention desertification.
182
* Thereupon, it is not only in Thừa Thiên Huế province but largely Vietnam territory
and Global have also interested in to combat desertification and entry to work out The United
Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD).
* A lot of National projects and programmes have been worked out in order to combat
desertification for a long time but the successful models were in little. In Thừa Thiên Huế
province, the combating desertification is a big issue that is sorely needed, and it assumes
topicality issue. Thereupon A Ruling Desertification Project have to design in hinterland and
dune area In Thừa Thiên Huế province.
1.2 The Strategy of Government, or field
* The government of Vietnam had participated committed and has worked out The
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD).
* Thua Thien-Hue province has paid special attention to prevention of moving sand
dunes to diminish desertification in inside sandy area, alleviate poverty, increase income for
poor households in participating communes.
1.3. General all issues need resolving
a) Trawling all dune area, hinterland area, quick land area and appraisal practical to
cultivate agriculture, forestry in quicksand, hinterland and dune area in Thừa Thiên Huế
province.
b) Appraisal effect of protection reforestation models in quicksand and dune area in
order to reduce moving sand process and combating desertification.
c) Establishment the way to manage and to protect stern shrubby forest that is existent
in natural quicksand, hinterland, dune, glade sand,...Rest basal of management protection
foest conventionalism in community.
2. The objects of a project:
2.1. Short-term object: Establishment main models focus to combat desertification, quicksand
and dune area in Thừa Thiên Huế province. Together with Administer to obviate staveling
and reduce poor manages, and improve economic life to people who live in the villages to get
benefit from project.
2.2. Long-term object: Rest of desertification science and distil from main models are
possible to work out in order to protection combating quicksand and desertification and
establishment a processing of silviculture technical to combat desertification in dune area,
hinterland area and multiply in all dune area in Thừa Thiên Huế province.
3. Ability, extent of a project or main outputs of a project
a) Trawling all dune area, hinterland area, quick land area, make a master plan map.
b) To manage and to protect stern 6000 ha shrubby forest to be existent in natural quicksand,
hinterland, dune, glade sand,...in Thừa Thiên Huế province.
c) New Forestation 3000 ha in order to protection combating quicksand and desertification.
183
d) Establishment a processing of silviculture technical to combat desertification in dune area,
hinterland area in Thừa Thiên Huế province.
4. Individualizing content of project
4.1. Representation elemental of status quo to the objects that need resolving of
measurement project:
The hinterland area fill more than forty thousand hectares, therein dune area fill more
than forty percentages. In droughty season implicate rigorous weather system such as: southwestern wind blow strong, high temperature 30-400C, humidity of the air too low to become
the best condition to make the sand moving around and changing dune because of the wind
blow. This is one of main cause to incite element. Besides, the method cultivate backward
agriculture is the same cause to incite wasteland,... chronological sand area over cover gain on
the regions to be able to cultivate agriculture. But we have not got telling solution yet in order
to prevention desertification.
4.2. The issues need resolving of measurement project:
a) Establishment the way to manage and to protect stern shrubby forest that is existent in
natural quicksand, hinterland, dune, glade sand,...Rest basal of management protection forest
conventionalism in community.
b) Establishment main models focus to combat desertification, quicksand and dune area in
Thừa Thiên Huế province.
c) Researching basal scientific of desertification element .
4.3. Main sections or capital actions:
a) Trawling all dune area, hinterland area, quick land area and appraisal practical to cultivate
agriculture, forestry in quicksand, hinterland and dune area in Thừa Thiên Huế province.
b) Appraisal effect of protection reforestation models in quicksand and dune area in order to
reduce moving sand process and combating desertification.
c) Establishment the way to manage and to protect stern shrubby forest that is existent in
natural quicksand, hinterland, dune, glade sand,...Rest basal of management protection forest
conventionalism in community.
d) Establishment of technical procedures for tending, protection of the forest planted in dry
area by Government and local budget has been done.
e) Renovating and continuously afforestation in moving sand dunes by endemic species as:
drought-withstand Acacia sp (A.difficilis, A.toruloza, A.tumida) and A.crassicapa (Nem)
(Azadinachta indica), Chai lá cong (Sưng) (Shorea falcata), Tràm Úc (Melaleuca
leucadenra)..., Dứa, Phi lao,...
184
5. Foundation to propose Donor
5.1. The suitability of project
5.2. Advantages (compared) of proposed donor on technology, finance, management
experiences,...
6. Proposal mechanism national finance
6.1. For ODA capital
Using follow form namely:
* Budget issuance basis foundation: 60% sum-total ODA capital.
6.2. National capital
Capital is mobilized following forms namely:
a) National capital budget issuance: 10% (counterbalance capital) sum-total National capital.
b) Contribution capital of benefits (permit): 20% (Contribution labor of hard labor) sum-total
National capital.
7. Organization implement a project
III. ANALYSIS OF PROJECT EFFECTIVENESS:
1. Appraisal elementary effect economic-financial:
- To be able use effectual ODA capital lending in order to the service work out for
project process.
- To manage and to protect stern 6000 ha shrubby forest to be existent in natural
quicksand, hinterland, dune, glade sand,...
- New Forestation 3000ha in order to protection combatting quicksand and
desertification.
- To diminish to motivate developing economic-social in the region which work out a
project, Improving economic life to people who live in the vilages to get benifit from project.
Improve wake up to all people that live in hinterland, dune area or another region which not
so far from the benefit area of a project.
- Establishment main models focus to combat desertification, quicksand and dune area
in Thừa Thiên Huế province.
2. Social Effect:
- Settlement for 2000 hard labours who live in the villages to get benifit from project.
- To Administer to obviate staveling and reduce poor manages, and improve economic
life to people who live in the villages to get benefit from project.
- Improving wake up to all people that live in hinterland, dune area for thinking of the
combating desertification opinion.
185
3. Environment effect:
- To diminish and work around telling in order to combating desertification.
- Improving environmental and developing enduring protection forest resources to
against quicksand, increasing forest cover upper 50% in sand area.
- Protection and preserver the status quo of shrubby forest to improve strongly
protected class for shrubby forest in quicksand, hinterland, dune, glade sand,...
4. Enduringness of project develops sequent process:
- Rest of desertification science establishes telling solutions to combat desertification.
- Establishment main models are possible to work out and record documental a
processing of silviculture technical to combat desertification in dune area, hinterland area in
Thừa Thiên Huế province. And after that all successful models will multiply and hold
developing in all dune area in province./.
186
SUMMARY
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FUNDING PROPOSAL VN-04-SL
A.
COUNTRY
Vietnam
B.
PROJECT
Watershed management, prevent desertification process by lesenning soil erosion and
water run-off, for both sustainable agriculture in slopping land and environmental,
water quality protection for peoples’ livelihood.
C.
PROJECT SUMMARY
The project will support four key objectives: (a) to improve knowledge of the people
about damages of deforestation, soil erosion and land degradation to their livelihood
causing by inappropriate cultivation methods; (b) to specify appropriate methodology
of soil protection-based by sensible plants structure (crop rotation, mixed cropping,
agro-forestry combination..) to prevent soil degradation environmental protection in
watershed level; (c) to increase crop yield and diversified production in the soil unit
based by sensible plants to increase income and food security in the new homeland;
(d) to improve/ capacity building for extension workers, farmers on appropriate land water use and management for sustainable agriculture as well as their life
D.
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE SUMMARY
The proposed grant would finance to (a) investigating and collecting data of the
emigration situation, socio-economy condition, natural condition, land sources for
agriculture; (b) investigating the culture, custom, and integration of emigrants into
new settlement; (c) rapid surveying indige nous knowledge on farming practices,
farmer’s experience on Soil erosion control (Meeting, discuss with farmers, with
villages leaders, with key farmers, RRA) and learn the experiences from current
projects which solve similarly goal in internal/external country; (d) evaluating,
investigating and gathering the preeminent of local species of trees/crops growing well
in that area to plant in the project site; (e) farmer participatory approaches on
Designing and building up demonstration site for sustainable agricultural-forest
production; (f) build up irrigation systems, small damp trapping water for drinking as
well as for irrigation in dry season; (g) applying new technology to improve soil
fertility, that increase income on each soil unit use, and lessen pressure on upland; (h)
maintaining, improving and amending the project study sites annually; (i) training,
building capacity on soil and water management for extension workers and farmers in
the project area at watershed level; (k) conducting field visit and disseminating
technology; (l) workshop valuation on project implementing, farmer’s adoption and
transferring possibility to larger scale.
E.
AMOUNT OF GRANT REQUESTED
187
US$ 108,227.849
Watershed management, prevent desertification process by lesenning soil erosion
and water run-off, for both sustainable agriculture in slopping land and
environmental, water quality protection for peoples’ livelihood
National Institute for Soils and Fertilizers
I. PROJECT GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1 Project name: Watershed management, prevent desertification process by lesenning soil
erosion and water run-off, for both sustainable agriculture in slopping land and
Environmental, water quality protection for peoples’ livelihood.
1.2 Site: Tan Lap commune, Moc Chau district, Son La province.
1.3 Field of Project activity: agriculture – forestry, agrobiology
1.4 Managing organization: National Institute for Soils and Fertilizers (NISF)
Project manager:
Name: MSc Tran Duc Toan
Address: National Institute for Soils and Fertilizers, Chem, Tu Liem, Hanoi.
Tel: 8388958. Mobile: 0913316796
E-mail: [email protected]; Fax: 8389924
1.5 Project value:
500,000,000.0 VND - first year
850,000,000.0 VND - second year
300,000,000.0 VND - third year
250,000,000.0 VND - fourth year
Total project value: VND 1,000,000,000.0 equivalent to USD 120,253.165
In there:
Fund by ODA:
US$ 108,227.849 (90%)
Corresponding fund: VND 189,999,992.8 (10%)
1.6 Project classification: ODA non return
1.7 Time takes place from start to the end:
Starting time: Jan 2005; ending: Dec 2008
1.8 Request fund from International agency and reasons to be selected: Vietnam is developing
country, many problems need to be solved to sustainable development: strong in
economy, steady in national defence, and safe in society order. But Vietnam is poor
country, unable to use economical force to cover all activities. Therefor need to promote a
plan with the fund from ODA for this project. We know that, ODA have effectively
supported for activities (program/project) in Vietnam.
II. PROJECT’S CONTENT:
2.1 The Essential of the project:
Total agricultural area in Vietnam is limited, about 9. 4 million hectares (28.4% of the
total). Even if after 20 years, about more than 10 million hectares of agricultural land
potentiality have been exploited ,with 120 million peoples estimated, the average agricultural
188
land per capita is also not much increased: about 0.08 ha per capita (Nguyen Tu Siem and
Thai Phien, 1999). Furthermore Vietnam is an agricultural country, almost 80% of population
is mainly agriculture-based activity, flate lowland siuted for farming pracitces is limited. To
meet food demand, a emigration movement of people from low land to sloping upland in the
past made dramaticaly creasing population. That explained why the forest has been cut,
forest cover decreased sharply and land erosion severely occur leading to land degradation
widespread in the upland. Soil erosion and degradation increasing to alarming level currently.
Losses in biodiversity, affected to the ecological environment, flood, landslide and water
pollution effected to living condition of peoples, especial ethnic peoples.
To protect soil and environment, prevent forest degradation, the government has a
decision of reafforestation, and that five million hectares of forestland have been recovered.
However there is a important event nowadays must be considered, that in 2002 the National
Assembly of Vietnam approved the construction of the 2,400 MW son La Dam, and the
construction project will require the relocation of at least 90,000 people consisting of 13
minority groups. Relocation will require further extensive forest clearance on sloping land of
the upper Da catchments. The adoption of appropriate land management practices to decrease
forestland exploitation, lessen slopping land pressure, protect environment with biodiversity,
ensure food security for farmers in that new relocated land and to safeguard land water quality
within the catchments area of the proposed Son La Dam will be essential in order to ensure its
longevity and the livelihood of associated communities.
That is the reason why the project is needed to carry out.
2.2 Project objective
2.2.1. General objective:
+ Watershed management for forestland protection, for agriculture-forestry sustainable,
minimize soil degradation and desertification
+ Decrease of natural calamity to people in the new relocated land
+ Ensure food security and livelihood stability
2.2.2. Main objective
+ To improve knowledge of the people about damages of deforestation, soil erosion and
land degradation to their livelihood causing by inappropriate cultivation methods
+ To specify appropriate methodology of soil protection-based by sensible plants
structure (crop rotation, mixed cropping, agro-forestry combination..) to prevent soil
degradation environmental protection in watershed level.
+ To increase crop yield and diversified production in the soil unit based by sensible
plants to increase income and food security in the new homeland.
+ To improve/ capacity building for extension workers, farmers on appropriate land water use and management for sustainable agriculture as well as their life
2.3. Main activities of the project:
2.3.1. Investigating and collecting data of the emigration situation, socio-economy
condition, natural condition, land sources for agriculture.
2.3.2. Investigating the culture, custom, and integration of emigrants into new
settlement.
2.3.3. Rapid Surveying indige nous knowledge on farming practices, farmer’s
experience on Soil erosion control ( Meeting, discuss with farmers, with villages leaders, with
189
key farmers, RRA) and learn the experiences from current projects which solve similarly goal
in internal/external country.
2.3.4. Evaluating, Investigating and gathering the preeminent of local species of
trees/crops growing well in that area to plant in the project site
2.3.5 Farmer participatory approaches on Designing and building up demonstration site
for sustainable agricultural-forest production. Followed by:
+ For Forestry land: plant the selected trees which corresponds to the site and people’s
adoption to decrease bare land, minimize natural calamity and environmental protection
+ Agriculture land: appropriate cropping patterns and cultivation technology to
increase crop yields , diversified production, ensure food security and poverty reduction.
2.3.6 Build up irrigation systems, small damp trapping water for drinking as well as for
irrigation in dry season
2.3.7 Applying new technology to improve soil fertility, that increase income on each
soil unit use, and lessen pressure on upland.
2.3.8 Maintaining, improving and amending the project study sites annually
2.3.9 Training, Building Capacity on soil and water management for extension workers
and farmers in the project area at watershed level.
2.3.10 . Conducting field visit and disseminating technology.
2.3.11. Workshop valuation on project implementing, farmer’s adoption and transferring
possibility to larger scale.
2.4. Methodology
+ Base on the experiences which have been learned after the local investigations
(PRA/RRA, interview local people, with villages leaders, with key farmers), all the
preeminent crops/trees have been selected from local species will be brought to the project
site.
+ Plant protects forest in watershed
+ Plant cover crops/grass, plant hedgerows by contour line to prevent soil erosion using
Leguminous crop and/or veriver grass
+ Design suitable cropping patterns (mixed cropping, high yielding of crop varieties and
appropriate conservation approaches (minimum tillage, mulching tillage...) to both increase
income on land unit use and minimize hazas.
+ Build damp and irrigation systems for two crops potential area
+ Use waste sources from agricultural production, crop residues and fertilizers (green
manure, organic and inorganic) to improve physical -chemical soil property and to increase
soil productivity.
+ Exchange experience and disseminate technology on land-water-plant management on
the watershed
190
1.9 Time frame
No
List of Main activities
Expected results
Time frame
1
1
2
Investigating and collecting
data of the emigration
situation,
socio-economy
condition, natural condition,
land sources for agriculture
in the resettlement site.
2
people’s FebInvestigating the culture, Understanding
May,2005
custom, and integration of culture and custom.
emigrants
into
new
settlement.
3
Rapid Surveying indigenous
knowledge
on
farming
practices,
farmer’s
experience on Soil erosion
control.
Evaluating, Investigating and
gathering the preeminent of
local species of trees/crops
growing well in that area to
plant in the project site
Table (continued)
2
Meeting with Extension,
policy org.ns, key farmers to
sum up after surveying
Farmer’s experiences to be March.2005
summed up and applied.
6
Farmer
participatory
approaches on Designing and
building up demonstration
site
for
sustainable
agricultural-forest production
in the watershed
Carry
out
appropriate June, 2005
cropping
pattern
and
protected forest in the
Watershed
7
Build up irrigation systems, Build up dam and irrigation 2/2006small damp for water system where two crop per 6/2006
trapping for drinking water year available.
as well as for irrigation in dry
season
8
Applying new technology to Increase crop yield and June, 2005
4
1
5
3
4
Well
understanding Febr.-May.
Farmer’s situation, to find 2005
out the best options on soil
conservation for project
sites
Implementing
organizations
5
-NISF
-Local
organizations
(Provincial,
district
and
commune
levels)
-NISF
-Local
organizations
(Provincial,
district
and
commune
levels)
-NISF
-Local
organizations
Valued crops/trees and March, 2005
appropriate
cropping
patters to be selected for
project area
-NISF
-Local
organizations
and commune
levels)
3
4
Understanding on purposes May,2005
of project, and participatory
approaches on Designing,
building up demonstration
site.
5
-NISF
-Local
organizations
(Provincia,
district
and
commune
levels))
-NISF
-Local
organizations
(Provincia,
district
and
commune
levels)
- Expert from
IWRR, NISF
-Local
organizations
(Provincia,
district
and
commune
levels)
-NISF
191
increase soil fertility to Minimize soil erosion in
increase income on each soil the watershed
unit use, and lessening
pressure on upland.
9
Maintaining, improving and Better habitat for farmers as Aug.2005amending the project study well as for achieving crop July,2008
yield as highest as possible
sites annually
to be created .
10 Training, Building Capacity
on
soil
and
water
management for extension
workers and farmers in the
project area.
11
12
11
Good understanding and March, 2006
improving technique skills
for farmers and extension
workers on related field.
-Local
organizations
(Provincial,
district
and
commune
levels)
-NISF
and
Local
organizations
-NISF
Conducting field visit and Exchange experiences on June,2007 - -MARD
(science and
disseminating
technology land – water – plant Aug. 2008
technology
management for sustaining
annually.
department),
agriculture
NISF and Local
Organizations
- MARD, NISF
Workshop
valuation
on Assess the contribution of 8/2008
and
Local
project
implementing, project on soil-and water
Organizations
farmer’s
adoption
and conservation, environment
and
sociotransferring possibility to protection
economic effect.
larger scale
-NISF,
Workshop
on
transfer Transfer technology to 11/2008
MARD,
technology
farmer, local organization
Extension
to scale up
organizations
(Provincial,
district)
2.6. Funding source: ODA non-reimbursement: US$ 108,227.849 (90% )
Corresponding fund: VND 189,999,992.8 (10%)
This fund is mainly in kind contribution by local labours.
III. ASSESSMENT OF PROJECT EFFICIENCY.
3.1. Preliminary assessment of efficiency of the project.
+ Economy efficiency: Appropriate land -water-plant management makes crop yields
increasing, safe human’ life and food security. It is the most significant that the project has
been gained
+ Community/society: Increase living standard, farmer work with mind at ease to produce
more and multiproducts for families and society, consequently step by step alleviates hungry
and poverty at commune level.
+ Environment efficiency: Minimizing soil erosion and water run-off, control calamity, slash
flood, landslide, lessening forest cutting to maintain biodiversity and create good habitat for
both human and all living things.
+ Sustainability: all the activities in the project site are based on: 1) well understanding of
strong as well as weak points in term of farming practices and local ecological knowledge of
192
the study sites, 2) Brainstorming approaches to solve the problems, 3) Base on the research
results and experiences of NISF on watershed management, and 4) base on interdisciplinary
approaches.
All the factors that related to hazards threatening farmer’s life, such as desertification,
land slide, slash flood are considered and the best solutions to overcome the problems have
been revolved, consequently project will be success and will be scaled up in practice.
193
SUMMARY
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FUNDING PROPOSAL VN-04-TN-BP
A.
COUNTRY
Vietnam
B.
PROJECT
Study on the measures for environment recovery, soil degradation combating model
implementation and environmental quality improvement in severely desertized areas
in Tay Ninh and Binh Phuoc provinces.
C.
PROJECT SUMMARY
The project will support three key objectives: (a) find out the scientific measures and
bases for recovering the environment and ecology, restricting the adverse impacts on
desertization, as well as developing and testing some soil degradation combating
models, improving the environmental quality in the above-mentioned areas; (b)
improve and protect the environment, use sustainably the natural resources and finally
improve living environment and reduce poverty in selected areas.
D.
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE SUMMARY
The proposed grant would finance to:a) Overall assessment of the current state of the
degraded and desertized environment in some areas in Tay Ninh and Binh Phuoc
provinces; b) Study on environment recovery measures; c) Selection and
development of environmental quality improvement models; d) Implementation of
environment improvement models; e) Evaluation of models implementation outcomes
and proposal for multiplied projects in order to step-by-step improve the
environmental quality (natural and living environments) in Tay Ninh and Binh
Phuoc.
E.
AMOUNT OF GRANT REQUESTED
US$ 983,000
194
Study on the measures for environment recovery, soil degradation
combating model implementation and environmental quality improvement
in severely desertized areas in Tay Ninh and Binh Phuoc provinces
Vietnam Environment Protection Agency
I.1. Project Name
Study on the measures for environment recovery, soil degradation combating model
implementation and environmental quality improvement in severely desertized areas in Tay
Ninh and Binh Phuoc provinces
I.2. Project Locations: Some selected areas in Tay Ninh and Binh Phuoc Provinces
I.3. Project under the Sector : Environmental Protection
I.4. Project Executing/Directing Agency: Vietnam Environment Protection Agency
I.5. Project Director
-
Name: Mrs. Dr. Le Bich Thang
Address:
67 Nguyen Du, Hanoi;
Phone:
04.8224420
I.6. Tentative Project Total Budget: 983,000 USD.
-
ODA Funding:
Counterpart Funding:
950,000 USD
500,000,000 VND (≈ 33,000 USD)
I.7. Project Category: Non-return ODA
I.8. Implementation Period (03 years): From 1/2005 to 12/2007
I.9. Proposal and Reasons for Selecting Foreign Donators
-
On one hand, the study on the measures for combating desertization (wash-off,
erosion, soil degradation etc.), and implementing the soil improvement models for
some areas in the territory of Tay Ninh and Binh Phuoc provinces is one of the actions
in the framework of the National Desertization Combating Action Plan in the Period
2005-2010 in Vietnam. This is an action expressing the proactive response and
participation of Vietnam in United Nations Convention to Combat Desertization
(UNCCD) that is one of the 3 most important Conventions of the United Nations
regarding the environment. UNCCD has the objectives to combat soil degradation,
minimize the consequences of drought calamity, and sustainably manage the natural
resources. The implementation of UNCCD in Vietnam needs the supports by
international partners.
-
On the other hand, the implementation of environment recovery activities in some
severely degraded locations in Tay Ninh and Binh Phuoc provinces is one of the
activities in the framework of the implementation of the task “implementing
environment recovery activities in the areas of which the environment is degraded
195
severely as the results of toxic chemicals” as specified in the Decision 67/2004/QDTTg on 27/04/2004 of the Prime Minister on 2004-2010 Action Plan for Overcoming
the Consequences of Herbicides Spraying during Vietnam War.
II. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
II.1. Project Necessity
It took thousands of years to form the surface layer of soil with the thickness of
several centimeters. However, this layer with any thickness can be eroded or even swept off
after some raining seasons. Every year in the whole globe, 25 billion ton of soil is eroded,
nearly 2 billion ha of farming and grazing lands, larger than the total land area of the U.S. and
Mexico, is gradually or severely degraded, leading to the decrease of soil production capacity.
The desertization in the world costs annually about 42 billion USD and soil erosion is
threatening nearly 1/4 of the earth surface. Environmental impacts of desertization include
farming production reduction, flora depletion and human and animal food quality
degeneration. Currently, environmental pollution is contributing to the degradation and
reduction of the land area and potentials of farming and agricultural lands that are mainly
driven by soil erosion through improper agricultural routine, forest depletion, over-grazing
and climate change, leading to the loss of biological capacity or economic capacity and the
complexity of farming, grazing and forest lands. According to United Nations Secretariat of
the Convention to Combat Desertization, on earth currently 70% drought areas are being
degenerated, and farming plant production in Africa is forecasted to be cut by half in 40 years
if the soil degradation is continued at the current rate. According to the report “Global
Environment Overview 2000” (GEO-2000) of UNEP, the South and South-east Asia,
including Vietnam, have more than half of land area in degradation.
In Vietnam, soil desertization is increasing day by day. Research results of many
organizations define that the area of heavily eroded land in Vietnam makes 17% of total
natural area and 25% of mountain area. Especially Tay Ninh and Binh Phuoc, Binh Thuan,
Ninh Thuan and other Central provinces, Tay Nguyen and the North delta have large-scale
desertization. Among above provinces, Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan are hotspots, where
many researches have been carried out. Tay Ninh and Binh Phuoc have long evolutional
tradition, where suffered a big amount of toxic chemicals sprayed from 1961-1971 during
Vietnam War, leading to the damage of 100,000 ha of natural forest and the remaining
consequences until today. Hence, in the post-liberation period, the soil here has become
impoverished and degenerated, about 20,000 ha in Binh Phuoc and 50,000 ha in Tay Ninh
according to the 2001 inventory data. The main reason is that the riverhead forests were
damaged and destroyed by the war and the socio-economic development is not integrated
with environmental protection and environmental damage overcoming, leading to large-scale
environmental pollution, severe ecological damage, and with the contribution of improper
deforestation and mining. The aftermaths are the reduction of farming land and increase of
soil erosion and wash-off, leading to the non-stop increase of desertized land area. The
increasing rate of desertized area in Tay Ninh and Binh Phuoc is approximately 5 km2/year. A
survey on environmental quality with sampling and analysis in some areas in Tay Ninh and
Binh Phuoc done by Consultant Center for Environmental Technologies (CCET) in 2001
specifies:
•
Soil mechanical composition: Analyzed soil samples have rich-soil component at
average ratio. Hence, soil mechanical composition analysis shows the good particulate
structure of soil. This kind of soil is suitable for the cultivation of both crops and fruit
plants.
196
•
•
Humus: Analyzed soil samples have humus rate at lower than 2% (about 0.9-1%),
showing the poor condition of humus and the need for organic and manure-based
fertilizers.
pH value: 2 defined types of pH are as pHH2O and pHKCl. pHH2O value of the soil
samples is lower than 5, and pHKCl value is lower than 4. Hence, the soil in this area is
acidic or very acidic. Hence improving the soil is necessary in order to make it
plantable.
•
Exchanged Ca and Mg: the contents of exchanged Ca and Mg are very low (smaller
than 1 me/100 g of soil, varying from 0.4-0.7 me/100 g ). This is the inevitable result of
low level of pH, which needs to be improved with the addition of lime.
•
Tot-N: Almost all analyzed soil samples have very low content of tot-N (<0.08%), the
soil is poor of nitrogen.
•
Tot-P: similar to tot-N, tot-P content in soil samples is at low level (<0.06%), the soil
is poor of phosphorus.
•
Tot-K: the soil in Duc Hanh commune, Phuoc Long district, Binh Phuoc province is
very poor of potassium, which is expressed by the content of K2O (varying from 0.01 0.03%) in the analyzed samples, much lower than the lowest value in the evaluation
standard scale.
•
SO4 and Cl: the analyzed soil samples have the content of SO4 varying from 0.03-1.48
mg/100g and that of Cl at a very low level from 1.34 – 2.39 mg/100g, expressing the
real characteristics of soil having no saltiness.
The results of soil condition analysis in some areas in Binh Phuoc show that: although
different areas have different soil characteristics, they all have common properties of acidic
and exhausted soil with low nutrient contents and high desertization potential. This is the
main reason of the poverty of the local people, besides the lack of concerns by the
government due to their distant location.
Hence, the project “Study on the measures for environment recovery, soil degradation
combating model implementation and environmental quality improvement in severely
desertized areas in Tay Ninh and Binh Phuoc provinces” is very necessary and practical in
order to improve the degraded and desertized environmental quality, contributing to the
poverty alleviation in the project areas.
II.2. Project Objectives
II.2.1. Short-term objectives
In the short-term, the project is to find out the scientific measures and bases for
recovering the environment and ecology, restricting the adverse impacts on desertization, as
well as developing and testing some soil degradation combating models, improving the
environmental quality in the above-mentioned areas
II.2.2. Long-term objectives
Besides above short-term objectives, long-term objectives consist of: improve and
protect the environment, use sustainably the natural resources and finally improve living
197
environment and reduce poverty in selected areas. The project implementation outcomes can
be further researched and multiplied to other areas that have the same conditions.
II.3. Project Components
In order to address above-mentioned objectives, it is necessary to carry out the
following activities:
1. Overall assessment of the current state of the degraded and desertized environment
in some areas in Tay Ninh and Binh Phuoc provinces:
1.1.
Evaluate the level, scale and change of the degradation and desertization of
soil and ecologic environments;
1.2.
Identify the affecting factors and causes of degradation and desertization of
soil resources and ecologic environment.
2. Study on environment recovery measures:
2.1.
Study and define the measures for improving and recovering soil
environment;
2.2.
Study and define the measures for improving and recovering ecologic
environment;
2.3.
Study and develop the socio-economic measures for combating desertization
and reducing poverty in Tay Ninh and Binh Phuoc.
3. Study on the selection and development of environmental quality improvement
models:
3.1.
Collect and refer international and domestic models that have been applied
effectively in order to learn the experiences for the development of degraded
and desertized environment recovery models in Tay Ninh and Binh Phuoc;
3.2.
Select appropriate models for overcoming and improving the degraded and
desertized environment in Tay Ninh and Binh Phuoc;
3.3.
Develop the projects to implement selected environment improvement models.
4. Implementation of environment improvement models:
4.1.
Implement 2 soil improvement models in Tay Ninh and Binh Phuoc;
4.2.
Implement 2 ecologic village models in Tay Ninh and Binh Phuoc;
4.3.
Implement the 2 socio-economic development models for residential clusters
in studied provinces.
5. Evaluation of models implementation outcomes and proposal for multiplied projects
in order to step-by-step improve the environmental quality (natural and living
environments) in Tay Ninh and Binh Phuoc.
II.4. Tentative Budget
- Non-return budget: 950,000 USD funded by ODA
-
National counterpart budget and other responsive sources: 500,000,000 VND (≈ 33,000 USD)
II.5. Project Schedule: Project schedule is specified in Table 1.
198
TABLE 1. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
CONTENT
TIME
2005
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2006
8
9
10
11
12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2007
1
0
1. Develop detailed
project proposal
and get it
approved (Detailed
proposal)
2. Collect and
summarize
referent literatures
and materials
(Referent materials)
3. Investigate and
evaluate the level,
scale and causes of
environmental
degradation
(Assessment results)
4. Study and select
the measures and
models
for
improving
environmental
quality
199
1
1
1
2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1
0
1
1
1
2
(Environment
improvement
measures)
5.
Study
and
develop the models
for
improving
environmental
quality
(Environment
improvement
models)
6. Implement the
models for
improving
environmental
quality (model
implementation
results)
7. Evaluate the
results
of
the
implementation of
the models for
improving
environmental
quality (Evaluation
result)
8.
Check
and
approve
the
project results and
products (Project
200
results)
201
III. PROJECT EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS
III.1. Preliminary Cost-Effectiveness
As above-mentioned, according to the inventory in 2001, there are 20,000 ha
of degraded and desertized land in Tay Ninh and 50,000 ha of that in Binh Phuoc, and it
is estimated that there is nearly 5 km2 more every year in these two provinces. With
this trend, there will be 50 km2 of degraded and desertized land in 10 years, leading to
the reduction of farming land area and cropping production, along with the increase of
natural calamities such as flood, drought and finally the increase of poverty and hunger.
Hence the project “Study on the measures for environment recovery, soil degradation
combating model implementation and environmental quality improvement in severely
desertized areas in Tay Ninh and Binh Phuoc provinces” is one of the necessary and
practical strategies in the coming time.
III.2. Social Effects
According to Mr. Kofi Annan, Secretary-General of the United Nation,
desertization yearly leads to the loss of 40 billion USE income and adversely affects the
lives of nearly 1 billion people. Every year in the world, 20 million ha of agricultural
land is severely degenerated or disappears due to the urbanization. Within the next 30
years, the food demand in developing countries will sure be doubled. New lands can be
exploited for agricultural production but their soil may be not suitable for farming and
thus more sensitive to the degradation. In order to meet the non-stop increasing demand
of human being, we have to act strongly and immediately, and if irreversible, stop the
farming land damage. Hence the project “Study on the measures for environment
recovery, soil degradation combating model implementation and environmental quality
improvement in severely desertized areas in Tay Ninh and Binh Phuoc provinces” is
very necessary and practical.
The successful research and development of highly feasible and scientific
models will gain the confidence of people. Once the project has the involvement of
competent authorities and especially the proactive public participation, the success
potential is great, contributing to the employment opportunity for the households in the
project areas as well as the societal income raising (increasing cropping and food
production), poverty alleviation, especially natural resources preservation for the next
generations.
III.3. Environmental Effect
Every year, desertization of farming land endangers thousands of plant and
animal species. Each day, increasing pressures such as habitation loss, illegal trading,
over-hunting, pollution and climate change effects as well as economic change is killing
the wildlife.
About 34,000 plant species or 12.5% of the world flora are threatened. In the
recent decades, giant pandas have lost half of their inhabitance. The world lost 90% of
tiger population in 20th century: there are only 5000 of them left. In the Pacific Ocean,
some sea turtle species are on the verge of extinction. One-horned gayal and Northern
white gayal are the most endangered giant mammals: there are only tens of them left.
Hence, the project will contribute a great deal to the environmental quality improvement,
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natural calamity reduction, and the creation of a fresh and safe living environment for the
flora and fauna in the region.
III.4. Project Sustainability in Further Development
The successful development and application of soil improvement model for the
above-mentioned areas will contribute to the environment improvement, making the
desertized areas sustainably profitable and help reduce hunger and poverty. This will be a
positive result and the base for multiplying this model by the competent authority and the
people. By the way, it helps raise the public awareness of what and how people can do to
improve the environment and enhance the living standard of the people in the harsh
natural conditions. Building up the public confidence in the model will be a great success
of the project because when the public confidence is established, they will more actively
respond to and participate in the consolidation, development and enhancement of the
model up to a new level. The environment will be more and more improved, and the
living standard of regional people will be raised day by day, which implicate the
sustainable development of the project.
IV. ESTIMATED BUDGET
No
Category
1
2
Develop detailed project proposal and get it approved
Collect and summarize referent literatures and materials
Investigate and evaluate the level, scale and causes of
environmental degradation
Study and select the measures and models for improving
environmental quality
Implement the models for environment recovery and
improvement, and combating desertization
• Implement 2 soil improvement models in Tay Ninh and
Binh Phuoc
• Implement 2 ecologic village models in Tay Ninh and
Binh Phuoc
• Implement the 2 socio-economic development models for
residential clusters in Tay Ninh and Binh Phuoc
Scientific workshops, approval meeting and other expenditures
3
4
5
8
Total
Cost (USD)
1,000
4,000
50,000
50,000
850,000
300,000
400,000
150,000
25,000
983,000
(Nine hundred and eighty three thousand U.S. Dollar)
V. ARRANGEMENT FOR IMPLEMENTATION
After the approval of the Project, under the supervision Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment, Vietnam Environment Protection Agency in close
collaboration with Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, the People’s
Committees of Tay Ninh and Binh Phuoc provinces and other concerned agencies, and
international and domestic experts implement the project in accordance with the
proposed plan.
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SUMMARY
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FUNDING PROPOSAL VN-04-TH-NA-HT1
A.
COUNTRY
Vietnam
B.
PROJECT
Planning model for utilization of working and biological methods for fighting
against desertification and improving forestry-agriculture soils in coastal land in
Thanh Hoa, Nghe An and Ha Tinh provinces.
C.
PROJECT SUMMARY
The project will support three key objectives: (a) Survey and evaluation about
present condition of soil environmental degradation and prospect of biological
measures combining with others focusing on managing and utilization of
sustainable soil; (b) Select suitable effective solutions with the general characters
for applying in designing model preventing declining, increasing quality of soil
environment in Thanh Hoa, Nghe An and Ha Tinh; (c) Implementing support
applied spread in coastal central provinces in order to prevent from desertification
and to improve living standard.
D.
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE SUMMARY
The proposed grant would finance to the following activities as: (a) set up 100 ha
of pilot forested area in coastal sand area of two districts Tuy Phong and Bac
Binh of Binh Thuan Province. The activities include of: (a) Present
desertification and factor that effect on soil degeneration in coastal prevented
provinces Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh developing agro- forestry production.;
(b) Trend to occur the rate of desertification and degenerated quality of soil in
coastal prevented provinces Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh developing agroforestry production.; (c) Analysis and evaluation methods that fighting against
desertification and improving quality soil in coastal provinces Thanh Hoa, Nghe
An and Ha Tinh; and (d) Building basic of utilization of working and biological
methods for fighting against desertification and improving quality soil in coastal
provinces Thanh Hoa, Nghe An and Ha Tinh.
E.
AMOUNT OF GRANT REQUESTED
US$ 940,000
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Planning model for utilization of working and biological methods for fighting
against desertification and improving forestry-agriculture soils in coastal
land in Thanh Hoa, Nghe An and Ha Tinh provinces
Vietnam Union of Science and Technology Associations
I. GENERAL PROJECT’S INFORMATION:
1.1. Project title: Planning model for utilization of working and biological methods for
fighting against desertification and improving forestry-agriculture soils in coastal land
in Thanh Hoa, Nghe An and Ha Tinh provinces.
1.2. Places for implementation: The coastal areas of Ha Tinh, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An
1.3. Beneficiary sector: Forestry (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development).
1.4. Managing Organization: Vietnam Union of Science and Technology
Associations.
1.5. Implementing Organizations:
-
Center for Science and Technology on Environment Development (CENTECD)
Contact address: 33B An Trach, Quoc Tu Giam, Dong Da, Hanoi
Tel: 84.4.7366317; 84.4.8439481, E- mail: [email protected]
-
Vietnam Fund for Supporting Technological Creations (VIFOTEC).
Contact address: 53 Nguyen Du, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Tel: 84.4.8226419; 84.4.9434627, Fax: 84.4.9434627, E- mail: [email protected]
1.6. Estimate project’s Fund: 15,310,000,000 VND or 969,000 USD
(Exchange rate: 15,800 VND/ USD).
With:
- ODA capital (USD):
940,000 USD
- Counter- fund (VND): 460,000,000 VND
1.7. Project’s classification: Non-refundable ODA
1.8. Project’s duration: From 3/2005 to 3/2008
1.9. Proposal for funding and project rationale:
Ha Tinh, Nghe An, Thanh Hoa, being the Northern Central provinces of Vietnam,
have about 3,359,000 ha of natural soil surface, population of 7,708,000 people. These
areas have soil diluted with sand, salty soil and destitute eco-system: Plants only have
some of cactus and pine species, animals mainly have reptile, coleopteran and rodent
species.
In the past years, growing trees in 327- programme covered apart of sand grounds
in this areas. Forest have taken care and exploited insensible. So almost forest have
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destroyed seriuosly. The standard of in come per capital is low compare with the whole
country. The average standard only reaches at 150 USD/year. In which comes mainly
from agriculture with bad infrastructure condition. Agriculture production has
characteristic of self-efficiency, basing mainly on nature. Living standard of people here
is difficulty, 14% of the total household living in the beggarly and law educational
standard.
Flying, springing sand and desertification have occurred, some where are in
alarm, effect dramatically production and the poor life so day by day man here are more
and more in poverty. So implementation for research to improve this situation is
necessary.
II. PROJECT’S CONTENT:
2.1. Project necessity
Central provinces climate is harsh, soil environment always effect by washing
away, eroding and desertification. Dry and hot season keeps long. wild speed from 3 to 5
m/s, lead to dry sand move from sea side to field with average speed about 2 to 3 m/
year, bad effect of above situation more and more increase, due to natural activities as
well as human activities such as: destroy wetland forest, make new dyke, delineate an
area for raising sea produces … push up encroached sand and increasing the rate of
desertification.
Thanh Hoa, Nghe An and Ha Tinh being 3 northern central provinces of Vietnam
with hundred km of coastal areas, ten thousands ha of sandy soils are in danger of
desertification. Nowadays, forests are injured seriously; fields, gardens and villages are
encroached. As a result lead to the production and life of people is seriously affected.
Desertification make thousands ha soils that have been in danger of quality soil
degeneration, it has direct effect on field productivity and local social- economic
development condition. Beside it, according to researchers this area, which contains of
illnesses as: trachoma, breeds blind, desentery.
In the harsh natural condition as above, in order to social- economic development
must improve environment at the first. In which urgent problems that has not solved in
this area are flying and encroached sand.
The situation show urgent needs for a project to support the social- economic
development of the northern- central provinces, especial methods for fighting against
desertification and improving quality forestry soil for coastal provinces: Thanh Hoa,
Nghe An, Ha Tinh.
So the implementation of Project “Planning model for utilization of working and
biological methods for fighting against desertification and improving forestry-agriculture
soils in coastal land in Thanh Hoa, Nghe An and Ha Tinh provinces” is very necessary.
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In the recent years, some methods for research on fighting against desertification
and improving quality have carry out in somewhere such as: Quang Binh (Nguyen Van
Truong and his asides, 2000- 2003), Ninh Thuan (provincial department of agriculture
and rural development, 2002).
2.2. Objectives of project
Short- term objective:
- Survey and evaluation about present condition of soil environmental
degradation and prospect of biological measures combining with others focusing
on managing and utilization of sustainable soil.
- Select suitable effective solutions with the general characters for applying in
designing model preventing declining, increasing quality of soil environment in
Thanh Hoa, Nghe An and Ha Tinh.
Long-term objective:
Implementing support applied spread in coastal central provinces in order to
prevent from desertification and to improve living standard. As a result, the
project of people will be applied in whole areas.
2.3. Specific content of project:
-
Present desertification and factor that effect on soil degeneration in coastal prevented
provinces Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh developing agro- forestry production.
-
Trend to occur the rate of desertification and degenerated quality of soil in coastal
prevented provinces Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh developing agro- forestry
production.
-
Analysis and evaluation methods that fighting against desertification and improving
quality soil in coastal provinces Thanh Hoa, Nghe An and Ha Tinh.
-
Building basic of utilization of working and biological methods for fighting against
desertification and improving quality soil in coastal provinces Thanh Hoa, Nghe An
and Ha Tinh.
2.4. Proposed fund: Estimate 969,000USD
With:
- ODA capital (USD): 940,000 USD (non- refund)
- Counter fund (VND): 460,000,000 VND
Mainly based on the current sources such as: offices, personal, furniture and
working appliance ect… of Center for Science and Technology on Environment and
Development (CENTECD), Vietnam Fund for Supporting Technological Creations
(VIFOTEC), provinces implementing project (Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh).
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2.5. Plan for project implementation
The technical assisstance project will be implemented in 3 years, beginning at
March 2005. A group of international and domestic specialists will be selected in
accordance with consultant selecting guidelines of the project donors. The project will
need 24 man- months of international consultants and 36 man- months of domestic
consultants. The international specialists consist of: 1) forestry specialist, 2) natural
resources- economic specialist, 3) policy specialist,. The home specialists: 1) land- use
planning specialist, forestry analyst, 3) legal specialist, 4) agro- forestry specialist, 5)
training specialist, 6) economic specialist, 7) environmental specialist. As forestation
and forestry is development is the focus of the technical assistance project so the
forestry specialist should be the group leader. This leader one and the director of
national project will with government agencies and mainly related authorities closely
cooperate.
The reports of project consist of: 1) the initial report, present the brief of plan
and implementing methods within 2 months since the beginning of project, 2) the mid
term draft report to is within 18 months. 3) The last draft report is within 32 months and
this will be an official report in 2 months later. Vietnam Union of Science and
Technology Associations (VUSTA), Center for Science and Technology on
Environment and Development (CENTECD) to hold 3 seminars with the participation
of consultants, representatives of donors and related investors, financing organization
for agro-forestry sector. All above reports must be discussing in these 3 seminars. The
tripartite meeting will be held after seminars in order to consider the progress of the
project.
III. ANALYSIS OF PROJECT’S EFFECTIVENESS
3.1. Preliminary financial efficiency:
The technological assistance project will form a base for preparing effectiveness
analysis of the forestry project that should effectively use loans from ADB, other
international donors or Vietnam Government, especially the projects as part of the 5million hare forestation project for the forest planning project.
3.2. Social benefits:
The technological assistance project will give recommendations to adjust the
structure of agro- forestry plants for areas, by replacing traditional plants, helping to
enhance forestry and agriculture efficiency, improving the ethnic minorities life and the
people in project areas. The project improves the project-managing capacity,
technological standard for executing effectively. A forestation and forest protection
projects Vietnam Government’ capital or loans of international donors. At the same
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time, it’s Vietnam Union of Science and Technology Associations, Vietnam Fund for
Supporting Technological Creations, Center for Science and Technology on
Environment and Development to know regulations and activities of international
donors.
3.3. Environmental benefit:
Helping directly a forestation and forest protecting project, improving upstream protection forest, coastal sandy land for improving soil fertility and fighting
against desertification, as a contribution to sustainable agro- forestry development.
3.4. The sustainability projects in the next development stage
The technological assistance project will be a base for implementing forestry
projects; poverty reduction and preventing drugs project from capital sources of
Vietnam Government or from the loans of the ADB and other international donors,
especially a forestation project and the sustainable up- stream protection project. It also
provides information, experience and forms labor resources for implementing the other
project in Vietnam’s coastal midland provinces and the other places conditions similar
to Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh provinces (which to be funded by ADB or any other
international donors).
IV. Estimate cost
No
Item
Cost
(USD)
1
Establishment and check outline
1,000
2
Survey, data collection, analysis and evaluation of suitability and
sustainability of all solutions on agriculture and forestry in Thanh
Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh provinces
45,000
3
Methodology; impact assessment of solutions on soil quality,
agriculture and forestry in Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh
provinces
30,000
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SUMMARY
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FUNDING PROPOSAL TH-NA-HT2
A.
COUNTRY
Vietnam
B.
PROJECT
Survey, evaluation and planning for improvement and utilization of degenerated
and unproductive agricultural soils in Northern Central provinces: Thanh Hoa,
Nghe An and Ha Tinh.
C.
PROJECT SUMMARY
The project will support three key objectives: (a) Basically fix sand dune moving
and protect land degradation in project area; (b) Establish and rehabilitate forest
ecosystem in coastal sand dune project area; (c) Improve livelihood systems for
local rural population.
D.
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE SUMMARY
The proposed grant would finance to set up 100 ha of pilot forested area in
coastal sand area of two districts Tuy Phong and Bac Binh of Binh Thuan
Province. The activities include of: (a) design and establishment of forested area
in critical sand dune moving area of Tuy Phong and Bac Binh; (b) Set up agroforestry models to improve livelihood of local people (c) Monitoring and
evaluation of new set up forest areas, review technical methods used for
establishment of forest in sand dune moving area, and (d) Develop training and
technology transfer plan for further extension.
E.
AMOUNT OF GRANT REQUESTED
US$ 478,000
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Survey, evaluation and planning for improvement and utilization of
degenerated and unproductive agricultural soils in Northern Central
provinces: Thanh Hoa, Nghe An and Ha Tinh provinces
Vietnam Union of Science and Technology Associations
I. GENERAL INFORMATION:
1.1. Project title: survey, evaluation and planning for improvement and utilization of
degenerated and unproductive agriculture soils in Northern Central provinces: Thanh
Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh.
1.2. Places for implementation: Ha Tinh, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An
1.3. Beneficiary sector: Forestry (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development).
1.4. Managing Organization: Vietnam Union of Science and Technology
Associations.
1.5. Implementing Organization:
-
Center for Science and Technology on Environment and Development (CENTECD)
Contact address: 33B An Trach, Quoc Tu Giam, Dong Da, Ha Noi
Tel: 84.47366317; 84.4.8439481, E mail: [email protected]
-
Vietnam Fund for Supporting Technological Creations (VIFOTEC).
Contact address: 53 Nguyen Du, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Tel: 84.4.8226419; 84.4.9434627, Fax: 84.4.9434627, Email: [email protected]
1.6. Estimate project’s Fund: 3, 050,000,000 or 193,000 USD (Exchange rate: 15,800
VND/USD).
With: - ODA capital (USD):
176,000 USD
- Counter- fund (VND): 267,000,000 VND
1.7. Project’s classification: Non-refundable ODA
1.8. Project’s duration: From 1/2005 to 12/2006
1.9. Proposal for funding and project rationale:
In the recent years, Ha Tinh, Nghe An, Thanh Hoa, being the Northern Central
provinces of Vietnam, have about 3,359,000 ha of natural soil surface, population of
7,708,000 people. Meanwhile, areas of forest, especially up-stream protection forest is
increasingly decreased. Therefore, typhoon flood often occur in the Northern and Middle
province of Vietnam. As the result of this, soil has been washed away, eroded,
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degenerated, resulting in unsuitable for farming production and desertification occurs at
the first stage.
KINH people mainly live in the coastal low areas; ethnic minorities live in
mountainous areas. These areas have complex topographical conditions, dynamically
divided to West and forming various types including seashore terrain ranges, coastal
dunes and plains, midland and mountainous land which are parallel seashore. As a
result, these provinces are affected by North-East monsoon in winter with high rainfall
rate and humidity. Whereas, these areas are affected by hot and South West wind so
these often hot and dry climate in summer with the lowest humidity of consequence in
the year. The economy here is of poor standard with main agriculture and forestry; with
aviate income per capital of about 150 USD/year. Agriculture and forestry production is
mainly of self- sufficient. Most of people here live in poor standard, 14% of the total
number of households is classified poor, low educational standard, and infrastructure is
in bad technical condition.
II. THE CONTENT OF ODA PROJECT
2.1 Project necessity
These situations show to support urgent needs for a project to support the socialeconomic development of the provinces, especially planning for improvement and
utilization and preparing implementation work plan in each province in order to expand
forests coverage and develop forestry for increasing cover-green forests, improving upstream ecological environment as well as coastal areas, enhancing living standard of
people in Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh provinces and ethnic minorities here. These
aims are also in line with 135- Program of social- economic development in especially
hard villages and 5 million ha reforest action, as a contribution to the National program
of fighting against desertification.
2.2 Objectives of project
Short-term objectives:
- To know exactly the areas and distribution of many types of degenerated soil
in the map and in the field.
- Identification of characteristics, fertility degree and priority for improvement
and utilization given to every type of degenerated soil.
Long-term objectives:
- To make a 10 years for imprudent and utilization of degenerated soil in order to
enhance living standard of fellow- countryman and citizens here, to help local authorities
and people to sustainable manage the natural resources and alleviate poverty.
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2.3. The specific contents of project:
•
Preliminary surveys for the collection of data and formulation of the project
activities.
•
Evaluation of degenerated soil, measurement of its areas and identification of
the distribution of degenerated soil.
•
Mapping (making different types of maps) for concrete illustration.
•
Planning for improvement and utilization of different types of degenerated soils,
get appraised and submit to the coordinator committee.
•
Supervision, evaluation, test for acceptance of works.
2.4. Proposed fund: Estimate 193,000USD
With:
- ODA capital (USD): 176,000 USD (non- refund)
- Counter fund (VND): 268,000,000 VND
Mainly based on the current sources such as: offices, personal, furniture and
working appliance act… of Center for Science and Technology on Environment and
Development ( CENTECD), Vietnam Fund for Supporting Technological Creations
(VIFOTEC), provinces implementing project (Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh).
2.5. Plan for project implementation
The technical as stance project will be implemented in 2 years, beginning at
January 2005. Group of international and domestic specialists will be selected in
accordance with consultant selecting guidelines of the project donors. The project will
need 24 man- months of international consultants and 36 man- months of domestic
consultants. The international specialists consist of: 1) forestry specialist, 2) natural
resources- economic specialist, 3) policy specialist. The home specialists: 1) land- use
planning specialist, forestry analyst, 3) legal socialist, 4) agro- forestry specialist, 5)
training specialist, 6) economic specialist, 7) environmental specialist. As forestation
and forestry is development is the focus of the technical assistance project so the
forestry specialist should be the group leader. This leader one and the director of
national project will with government agencies and mainly related authorities closely
cooperate.
The reports of project consist of: 1) the initial report, present the brief of plan
and implementing methods within 2 months since the beginning of project, 2) the mid
term draft report to is within 20 months this will become the official report in 2 months
later. Vietnam union of Science and technology associations (VUSTA) co- ordinate
with Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) to hold 2 seminars with
the participation of consultants, representatives of donors and related investors,
financing organization for agro-forestry sector. All reports above must be discussing in
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these 2 seminars. The tripartite meeting will be held after seminars in order to consider
the progress of the project.
III. ANALYSIS OF PROJECT’S EFFECTIVENESS
3.1. Preliminary financial efficiency:
The technological assistance project will form a base for preparing effectiveness
analysis of the forestry project that should effectively use loans from ADB, other donors
or Vietnam Government, especially the projects as part of the 5- million ha forestation
project for the forest planning project.
3.2. Social benefits:
The technological assistance project will give recommendations to adjust the
structure of agro- forestry plants for areas, by replacing traditional plants, helping to
enhance forestry and agriculture efficiency, improving the ethnic minorities life and the
people in project areas. The project improves the project- managing capacity,
technological standard for exciting effectively. A forestation and forest protection
projects Vietnam Government’ capital or ADB loans or other donors. At the same time,
it’s Vietnam union of Science and technology associations, Vietnam Fund for
Supporting Technological Creations, Center for Science and technology on
Environment and Development to know regulations and activities of ADB or other
international donors.
3.3. Environmental benefit:
Helping directly a forestation and forest-protecting project, improving upstream protection forest, coastal sandy land for improving soil fertility and flinging
against desertification, as a contribution to sustainable agro- forestry development.
3.4. The sustainability project in the next development stage:
The technological assistance project will be a base for implementing forestry
projects; poverty reduction and preventing drugs project from capital sources of
Vietnam Government or from the loans of the international donors, especially a
forestation project and the sustainable up-stream protection project. It also provides
information, experience and forms labor resources for implementing the other project in
Vietnam’s coastal midland provinces and the other places conditions similar to: Thanh
Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh provinces (which to be funded financed by ADB or any other
international donors).
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PROGRAM OF WORK, 8-10 Sept., 2004
Time
Activity
Day 1: Plenary sessions
8.00-8.30
Registration
SESSION 1: OPENING CEREMONY
8.30-9.30
• Introduction of
participants and the
objectives of the Workshop
Speaker/Responsible
Organization Committee
•
Mr. Nguyen Ngoc Binh, Director
General, Department of Forerstry –
Vice Chairman of the Workshop
• Welcome Speech of the Ministry of • Mr. Hua Duc Nhi, Vice- Minister,
MARD, Chairman of the Workshop
Agriculture and Rural Development
• Statement by the Representative of • Mr. Grégoire de Kalbermatten,
Deputy Executive Secretary of
UNCCD Secretariat
UNCCD – Co-chairman of the
Workshop
• Statement
by
co-sponsoring • Mr. Ben Zech, First Secretary,
Representative of the Royal
countries/agencies
Netherlands Embassy
• Statement
of
representative
of
• Ms. Nguyen Ngoc Ly, Head of
international organizations
Sustainable Development Clustur,
Representative of UNDP Hanoi
SESSION 2: REVIEW OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ONGOING PROGRAMMES/PROJECTS
RELATED TO UNCCD AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL CONVENTIONS
Mr. Nguyen Ngoc Binh, Director General,
9.30-10.00
Opportunities and challenges of
Department of Forerstry
implementation of ongoing
programmes/projects related to UNCCD
10.00-10.15
Coffee break
10.15-10.30
Opprotunities for interlinkage with the
Mr. Wai Lin – Representative of UNCCD
implementation of other related environmental Regional Coordinating Unit
conventions
Dr. Pak Sum Low- Representative of
UNESCAP
10.30-12.00
Discussion
12.00-13.30
Lunch break
SESSION 3: DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIPURPOSE PROJECT PROPOSALS FOR 2005-2010
13.30-14.15
Video show on field practices
DARD of Binh Thuan and Ninh Thuan
province
14.15-14.30
Priorities for the period 2005-2010
Department of Forerstry, UNCCD
National Focal Point
14.30-15.00
Discussion
15.00-15.15
Coffee break
15.15-16.30
Presentation of potential multipurpose project Various provinces/institutions
ideas
16.30-17.00
Discussion
Day 2: Plenary session followed by Group working session
SESSION 3: DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIPURPOSE PROJECT PROPOSALS FOR 2005-2010
(continued)
8.30-10.00
Continued presentation of potential
Various provinces/institutions
multipurpose project ideas
10.00-10.15
Coffee break
10.15-10.45
Continued presentation of potential
multipurpose project ideas
10.45- 11.30
Discussion
11.30-12.00
Registration for working group session
12.00-13.30
Lunch break
SESSION 4: GROUPS WORKING SESSION
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13.30 –16.30
Group 1: Operational framework for National Coordinating Body (NCB); Establishment of
Technical Advisory Group; Setting up collaboration network to assist NCB in
UNCCD implementation
Group 2 : Capacity building for the period 2005-2010 for UNCCD implementation
Group 3 : Partnership, financing measures for combating desertification – action to be taken
(including Coffee
break
of
15
miniutes
at
15.00)
Day 3: Plenary session
SESSION 5: CONCLUSION
8.30 – 9.30
Presentation of working groups outcomes
9.30 – 10.30
Discussion
10.30 – 10.45
Coffee break
10.45 – 11.15
Follow up activities and discussion
11.15-11.30
Chairman summary and conclusion
Representative of three working groups
DoF presents proposed activities
Vice Minister of MARD
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List of participants
TT
Name
Organization
Address
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD)
1
Hua Duc Nhi
Vice Minister
2
Nguyen Ngoc Binh
Department of Forestry,UNCCD
Focal Point Agency
Director General
3
Nguyen
Hoa
4
5
Thi
Tuyet International
Cooperation
Department
Deputy Director
Tran Dinh Ninh
Department of Water Resource
Management
Deputy Director
Nguyen Van Loi
Planning Department
Deputy Director
6
Nguyen Van Than
Finance Department
Acting Director
7
Dao Van Ho
Finance Department
Officer
8
Pham Trong Hien
9
Le Thi Thua
International
Cooperation
Department
Senior Occifer
Department of Forestry
Head of Planning Division
A10, 2 Ngoc Ha, Ha Noi
Tel.04 8436172
Fax. 04 8 454319
B9, 2 Ngoc Ha, Ha Noi
Tel. 04 8438689
Fax. 04 8438793
[email protected]
A10, 2 Ngoc Ha, Ha Noi
Tel: 04 8433400
Fax. 04 7330752
A6, 2 Ngoc Ha, Ha Noi
Tel.04 7335714
Fax. 04 7335702
A10, 2 Ngoc Ha, Ha Noi
Tel: 04 8432615
Fax. 04 8233811
A10, 2 Ngoc Ha, Ha Noi
Tel: 04 8468162
Fax. 04 8232748
A10, 2 Ngoc Ha, Ha Noi
Tel: 04 8232748
Fax. 04 8232748
A10, 2 Ngoc Ha, Ha Noi
Tel: 04 8436812
Fax. 04 7330752
B9, 2 Ngoc Ha, Ha Noi
Tel.04 8438814
Fax. 04 8438793
Email:[email protected]
m
10
Pham Minh Thoa
11
Le Van Tan
12
Nguyen Kim Xuan
13
Vu Van Me
Department of Forestry
Senior Officer, Deputy Head of
Planning Division, UNCCD
Focal Point
Department of Science and
Technology
Senior Officer
Department of Forestry
Head of Administrative Division
Department of Forestry
Deputy Director of FSSP Office
B9, 2 Ngoc Ha, Ha Noi
Tel.04 8438814
Fax. 04 8438793
Email: [email protected]
A10, 2 Ngoc Ha, Ha Noi
Tel: 04 8237534
Fax. 04 8433637
B9, 2 Ngoc Ha, Ha Noi
Tel.04 7334151
Fax. 04 8438793
[email protected]
6 Ngo 42 Lieu Giai, Ha Noi
Tel: 7629416
Email: [email protected]
217
Proceedings of National Conference on UNCCD implementation for the period 2005-2010
14
Kim Kieu Anh
Department of Forestry
Administration Officer
15
Le Minh Ba
Department of Forestry
Information Officer
16
Nguyen Thi Lai
Department of Forestry
Planning Division
17
Pham Ngan Hoa
Department of Forestry
18
Hoang Duc Viet
Department of Forestry
19
Nguyen Hoi Xuan
Department of Forestry
Basic
Forestry
Inventory
Division
20
Nguyen Phuc Tho
Department for Forest Protection
21
Bui Van Phu
Department of Forestry
Forest
Management
Utilization Division
22
Duong Hong Ngoc
23
Nguyen Cong Tu
and
Information Division, MARD
Office
Information Division, MARD
Office
B9, 2 Ngoc Ha, Ha Noi
Tel. 04 8438792
Fax. 04 8438793
B9, 2 Ngoc Ha, Ha Noi
Tel.04 8438792
Fax. 04 8438793
[email protected]
B9, 2 Ngoc Ha, Ha Noi
Tel.04 7223895
Fax. 04 8438793
[email protected]
B9, 2 Ngoc Ha, Ha Noi
Tel: 04 7332263
Fax: 04 8438793
Email: [email protected]
B9, 2 Ngoc Ha, Ha Noi
Tel: 04 7223985
Fax: 04 8438793
B9, 2 Ngoc Ha, Ha Noi
Tel. 04 8438801
Fax. 04 8438793
Email:[email protected]
B9, 2 Ngoc Ha, Ha Noi
Tel. 04 7335682
Fax. 04 7335685
Email:[email protected]
B9, 2 Ngoc Ha, Ha Noi
Tel. 04 7342290
Fax. 04 8438793
Email:[email protected]
A10, 2 Ngoc Ha, Ha Noi
Tel: 04 8434673
A10, 2 Ngoc Ha, Ha Noi
Tel: 04 8434673
Department for Agriculture and Rural Development (DARD)
24
Ho Sy Hong
Lai Chau DARD
Director
25
Nguyen Trong
Thua Thien-Hue DARD
26
Vo Nguyen Cong Buu
Gia Lai DARD
Pho Huong Phong 1, TT.
Phong Tho, Tam Duong,
Lai Chau
Tel: 023 876 529
Fax: 023 876 172
So 7 Dong Da, Vinh Ninh,
TP. Hue
Tel/Fax: 054 828804
24 Quang Trung, TP.
Pleiku, Gia Lai
Tel: 059 824273
Fax: 059 826173
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Proceedings of National Conference on UNCCD implementation for the period 2005-2010
27
Tran Tuu
Quang Tri DARD
Director
28
Hoang Duc Doanh
Quang Tri DARD
29
Mai Kieu
Binh Thuan DARD
Deputy Director
30
Bui Anh Tuan
Ninh Thuan DARD
Deputy Director
31
Tran Xuan Hoa
Ninh Thuan DARD
32
Nguyen Huu Hoan
Ninh Thuan DARD
33
Pham Thieu
Ninh Thuan DARD
34
Nguyen Van Xuan
Dac Lac DARD
35
Tran Xuan Hao
Quang Binh DARD
Deputy Director
So 256 Le Duan, TX. Dong
Ha, Quang Tri
Tel: 053 852544
Fax: 052 852573
So 256 Le Duan, TX. Dong
Ha, Quang Tri
Tel: 053 852573
Fax: 052 855013
17 Thu Khoa Huan, Phan
Thiet
Tel:062 824295
Fax:062 825725
134 Duong 21/8 Phan Rang,
Thap Cham, Ninh Thuan
Tel: 068 823770
Fax: 068 820900
134 Duong 21/8 Phan Rang,
Thap Cham, Ninh Thuan
Tel: 068 833587
Fax: 068 820900
134 Duong 21/8 Phan Rang,
Thap Cham, Ninh Thuan
Tel: 068 833587
Fax: 068 820900
134 Duong 21/8 Phan Rang,
Thap Cham, Ninh Thuan
Tel: 068 833587
Fax: 068 820900
47 Nguyen Tat Thanh, TP
Buon Ma Thuat, Dac Lac
Tel: 050 952 533
Mobil: 0913493574
15 Quang Trung Dong Hoi,
Quang Binh
Tel: 052 825429
Fax:052 821673
Sub-Department for Forestry Development (Sub-DFD)
36
Bui Xuan Nhan
Hoa Binh Sub-DFD
37
Tran Thi Minh
Lai Chau Sub-DFD
Phuong Dong Tien, TX. Hoa
Binh
Tel: 018 852795
Fax: 018 853795
Pho Huong Phong 1, TT.
Phong Tho, Tam Duong, Lai
Chau
Tel: 023 876 529
Fax: 023 876 172
219
Proceedings of National Conference on UNCCD implementation for the period 2005-2010
Related Ministries/Government Institutions
38
Vuong Xuan Chinh
39
Nguyen Duc Toan
40
Phan Van Hien
41
Dao Xuan Bai
42
Le Manh Hung
43
Tang Ngoc Trang
44
Dao Trinh Bac
45
Le Bich Thang
46
Ho Minh Tho
Ministry of Planning and
Investment - Department of
Agricultural Economy
Deputy Director
Government
Office
Department of Science and
Education
Director
Ministry of Finance
Department
of
Foreign
Finance
Deputy Director
Ministry
of
Natural
Resources and Environment
Department of Science and
Technology
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Department of International
Organizations
Deputy Director
Ministry of Planning and
Investment - Department of
Appraisal and Investment
Supervision
Ministry of Planning and
Investment - Department of
Foreign Economy.
Head of Division
Ministry
of
Natural
Resources and Environment
Vietnam
National
Environment Agency
Head of Pollution Control
Division
Central
Geographical
Meteorology Union
2 Hoang Van Thu, Ha Noi
Tel: 04 8234716
Mobile: 0913555007
1 Bach Thao, Ha Noi
Tel: 08043014
Mobile: 0913238925
8 Phan Huy Chu, Ha Noi
Tel: 04 8262788
83 Nguyen Chi Thanh, Ha Noi
Tel: 04 8345709
Email: [email protected]
6 Chu Van An, Ha Noi
Tel: 1993353
2 Hoang Van Thu, Ha Noi
Tel: 08043735
2 Hoang Van Thu, Ha Noi
Tel: 04 8454363
57 Nguyen Du, Ha Noi
Tel. 04 8244120
Fax. 04 8263847
Institutes, Centres, National Organizations
47 Vo Dai Hai
Forest Science Institute of Dong Ngac, Tu Liem, Ha Noi
Vietnam
Tel: 04 7550583
Deputy Director
Fax: 04 8389722
Mobile: 0913004607
48 Do Dinh Sam
Forest Science Institute of Chem, Tu Liem, Hanoi
Vietnam
Tel. 04 8389815
Consultant
Fax. 04 8389722
Email. [email protected]
49 Tran Van Con
Forest Science Institute of Dong Ngac, Tu Liem, Ha Noi
220
Proceedings of National Conference on UNCCD implementation for the period 2005-2010
Vietnam
Head of Silviculture Division
50
Nguyen Ngoc Lung
51
Nguyen Dinh Thai
52
Vu Dinh Hung
53
Le Van Hien
54
Tran Hung
55
Tran Viet My
56
Tran Thuc
57
Ngo Sy Giai
58
Bui Quang Xuan
59
Nguyen Cong Vinh
60
Nguyen Duy Phuong
61
Dang Tho Loc
62
Ngo Ut
Tel: 04 8389031
Fax. 04 8389722
Mobile: 0903595263
Email. [email protected]
Vietnam Forest Science and 114 Hoang Quoc Viet, Ha Noi
Technology Association
Tel: 7541311
Fax: 7560233
Email:[email protected]
Centre of Science and
Technology of Environment
and Development
Water Resource Management 171 Tay Son, Dong Da, Ha Noi
Institute
Tel: 04 8522086
Fax: 04 5632827
Mobile: 0913515453
Water Resource Management 171 Tay Son, Dong Da, Ha Noi
Institute
Tel: 04 8522086
Fax: 04 5632827
Forest
Inventory
and Thanh Tri - Ha Noi
Planning Institute
Tel: 04 8612001
Deputy Head of International Fax: 04 8612881
Cooperation Division
Center
for
Science, 43, Dinh Tien Hoang , Dist. 1
Technology
and
Agro- Ho Chi Minh City
forestry Extension
Tel: 08 8220958;
Fax: 08 8295909
Mobile: 0903938444
Institute of Meteorology and Lang Thuong, Ha Noi
Hydrology.
Tel: 04 8358835
Director General
Fax: 04 8355993
Institute of Meteorology and Lang Thuong, Ha Noi
Hydrology.
Tel: 04 8358835
Fax: 04 8355993
Mobile: 0912319437
National Institute of Soil and Dong Ngac, Tu Liem, Ha Noi
Fertilizers
Tel: 04 8362379
Fax: 04 8389924
Mobile: 0912315538
National Institute of Soil and Dong Ngac, Tu Liem, Ha Noi
Fertilizers
Tel: 04 8362379
Fax: 04 8389924
Mobile: 0912017124
National Institute of Soil and Dong Ngac, Tu Liem, Ha Noi
Fertilizers
Tel: 04 8362379
Fax: 04 8389924
National Institute of Soil and Dong Ngac, Tu Liem, Ha Noi
Fertilizers
Tel: 04 8362379
Fax: 04 8389924
Forest
Inventory
and Thanh Tri - Ha Noi
Planning Institute
Tel: 04 8615509
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Proceedings of National Conference on UNCCD implementation for the period 2005-2010
Director General
63
Cao Vinh Hai
64
Dao Xuan Hoc
Fax: 04 8612881
Mobile: 0913254149
Centre of Environment and 15 Do Ngoc Du, Ha Noi
Rural Poverty Reduction
Tel: 04 8218451
Director
Water Resources University
175 Tay Son, Dong Da, Hanoi
Vice Rector
Tel: 04 5631533
Fax: 04 5633351
Mobile. 0913923306
Mass Media
65
Nguyen Tien Hieu
Vietnam News Agency
66
Duc Huy
Agriculture Newspaper
67
Sy Khoe
Vietnam Television
68
Cam Van
Labor Newspaper
5 Ly Thuong Kiet, Ha Noi
Tel: 04 8252931
14 Ngo Quyen, Ha Noi
Tel: 04 9342340
Fax: 04 8252923
59 Giang Vo, Ha Noi
Tel: 04 8355931
51 Hang Bo, Ha Noi
Tel: 04 8252441
International organizations
69
Gregoire
Kalbermatten
de UNCCD Secretariat - Deputy
Executive Secretary
70
U Wai Lin
UNCCD Secretariat-Regional
Coordinator
71
Pak Sum Low
Regional Advisor of ESCAP
72
Ben Zech
The Netherlands Embassy
First Secretary
73
Robin Mearns
World Bank
Natural Resource Management
Haus Carstanjen
Martin Luther King Strasse 8
D-53175 Bonn, Germany
Tel: 49-228 8152800
Fax: 49-228 8152899
Email: [email protected]
United
Nations
Building,
Rajamnern Ave, Bangkok
10200 Thailand
Tel: 662 288 1692
Fax:662 288 1025
Email:[email protected]
United Nation Building
Rajadamnern Avenue
Bangkok 10200, Thailand
Tel. 662 288 1620
Fax, 622 288 1025
[email protected]
Deaha Office Building
360 Kim Ma, Hanoi
Tel. 04 8315650
Fax: 04 8315655
63 Ly Thai To, Ha Noi
Tel: 04 9346600
Fax: 04 9346597
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Proceedings of National Conference on UNCCD implementation for the period 2005-2010
74
Satoko Tanaka
75
Nguyen Ngoc Ly
76
Pham Thanh Hang
Japanese Bank for International
Cooperation
UNDP- Head of Sustainable
Development Cluster
UNDP
63 Ly Thai To, Ha Noi
Tel: 04 8248934
25-29 Phan Boi Chau, Hanoi
Tel. 04 9421495
Fax. 04 9422267
25-29 Phan Boi Chau, Hanoi
Tel. 04 9421495
Fax. 04 9422267
223