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LET’S REVIEW
PUT THE FOLLOWING IN ORDER FROM LARGEST TO SMALLEST:
COMMUNITY
BIOSPHERE
ORGANISM
ECOSYSTEM
POPULATION
ORGANISM INTERACTION
ORGANISM IN AN ECOSYSTEM MUST
INTERACT WITH EACH OTHER AND THE
ENVIRONMENT IN ORDER TO ENSURE THEIR
SURVIVAL. ORGANISMS HAVE A ROLE TO
PLAY IN THEIR ECOSYSTEM.
INTERACTIONS WITH
ENVIRONMENT
NATURAL SELECTION – WHEN NATURE SELECTS THE BEST CHARACTERISTICS
SUITED FOR THE ENVIRONMENT.
THESE CHARACTERISTICS ARE PASSED DOWN TO THE OFFSPRING (CHILDREN).
NATURAL SELECTION RESULTS IN ADAPTATION
HOW DOES NATURAL SELECTION
WORK?
INDIVIDUALS BEST SUITED FOR THE ENVIRONMENT WILL SURVIVE AND
PRODUCE OFFSPRING. THE OFFSPRING WILL INHERIT THIS CHARACTERISTIC
AND PASS IT TO THEIR OFFSPRING.
EX.
LONG NECK GIRAFFES AND SHORT NECK GIRAFFES
GREEN ALLIGATORS AND ALBINO ALLIGATORS
EVERY ORGANISM HAS A VARIETY OF ADAPTATIONS THAT ARE SUITED TO ITS
SPECIFIC LIVING CONDITIONS.
NICHE – THE ROLE OF AN ORGANISM IN ITS ENVIRONMENT.
A NICHE CAN INCLUDE:
THE TYPE OF FOOD AN ORGANISM EATS
HOW AN ORGANISM OBTAINS FOOD
THE WHICH ORGANISMS USE THAT ORGANISM FOR FOOD
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN
ORGANISMS
THERE ARE THREE MAJOR TYPES OF INTERACTIONS AMONG ORGANISMS:
COMPETITION, PREDATION AND SYMBIOSIS
COMPETITION- THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN ORGANISMS AS THEY ATTEMPT TO USE
THE SAME LIMITED RESOURCE.
IF TWO ORGANISMS SHARE THE SAME NICHE, ONE WILL EVENTUALLY DIE OFF
ADAPTATIONS REDUCE THE NEED FOR COMPETITION.
EX. BIRDS AND BATS
ROADRUNNER AND ELF OWL
PREDATION
PREDATION – WHEN ONE ORGANISM KILLS ANOTHER FOR FOOD.
THE ORGANISM THAT DOES THE KILLING IS CALLED THE PREDATOR.
THE ORGANISM THAT IS KILLED IS CALLED THE PREY.
PREDATION AND POPULATION SIZE
AS THE NUMBER OF PREDATORS GO UP, THE POPULATION OF THE PREY WILL GO
DOWN. SINCE THE NUMBER OF PREY HAS GONE DOWN PREDATORS WILL BEGIN
TO DIE. THIS CAUSES THE PREY POPULATION TO INCREASE ONCE AGAIN.
PREDATOR ADAPTATIONS
PREDATORS HAVE ADAPTATIONS THAT HELP THEM CATCH AND KILL PREY.
EX.
CHEETAHS CAN RUN VERY FAST.
JELLYFISH TENTACLES HANG AND CONTAIN POISON.
SUNDEW PLANT HAS A STICKY SUBSTANCE THAT CATCHES FLIES WHEN THEY
LAND
PREY ADAPTATIONS
PREY HAVE ADAPTATIONS THAT PROTECT THEM FROM PREDATORS.
MIMICRY – TO LOOK LIKE A MORE DANGEROUS ANIMAL
WARNING COLORS – BRIGHT COLORS LET PREDATORS KNOW THAT THE
ORGANISM IS POISONOUS
CAMOUFLAGE – PREY CAN EASILY HIDE FROM PREDATORS
SYMBIOSIS
SYMBIOSIS – A CLOSE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANISMS IN WHICH AT
LEAST ONE WILL BENEFIT
THREE TYPES:
MUTUALISM
COMMENSALISM
PARASITISM
MUTUALISM – BOTH ORGANISMS BENEFIT
BACTERIA IN YOUR STOMACH – BACTERIA GETS PROTECTION FROM YOU. THE
BACTERIA HELP YOU DIGEST VEGETABLES
COMMENSALISM – ONE SPECIES BENEFITS AND THE OTHER IS NEITHER HELPED
NOR HARMED
PARASITISM – ONE ORGANISM LIVING
ON OR INSIDE AN ORGANISM AND
HARMING IT.
PARASITES CAN LIVE INSIDE THE HOST OR ON THE SURFACE OF THE HOST.
PARASITISM
THE ORGANISM THAT BENEFITS IS CALLED THE PARASITE.
THE ORGANISM IT LIVES ON OR IN IS CALLED THE HOST.
PARASITES NORMALLY DO NOT KILL THEIR HOST. IF THEY KILL THEIR HOST, THEY
LOSE THEIR SOURCE OF FOOD.