Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Thunderstorms Chap. 13 Thunderstorms Severe Weather Tropical Storms Recurring Weather Thunderstorms The End Severe Weather The End Tropical Storms This image shows damage done by hurricane Lili in 2002 I. Tropical Cyclones I. Tropical Cyclones A. Energy comes from warm ocean waters I. Tropical Cyclones A. Energy comes from warm ocean waters B. Area of low pressure forms as a result of instability I. Tropical Cyclones C. Coriolis effect moves air counterclockwise (in N. hemisphere) I. Tropical Cyclones C. Coriolis effect moves air counterclockwise (in N. hemisphere) D. Names I. Tropical Cyclones C. Coriolis effect moves air counterclockwise (in N. hemisphere) D. Names 1. Typhoons (in western Pacific Ocean) I. Tropical Cyclones C. Coriolis effect moves air counterclockwise (in N. hemisphere) D. Names 1. Typhoons (in western Pacific Ocean) 2. Cyclones (Indian ocean) I. Tropical Cyclones C. Coriolis effect moves air counterclockwise (in N. hemisphere) D. Names 1. Typhoons (in western Pacific Ocean) 2. Cyclones (Indian ocean) 3. Hurricanes I. Tropical Cyclones E. Paths of a storm II. Hurricanes II. Hurricanes A. Parts II. Hurricanes A. Parts 1. Eye Center of hurricane, characterized by calm winds and low pressure II. Hurricanes A. Parts 1. Eye 2. Eyewall Band immediately surrounding eye, where strongest winds are found. II. Hurricanes A. Parts B. Stages II. Hurricanes A. Parts B. Stages Tropical Depression 38 mph II. Hurricanes A. Parts B. Stages Tropical Depression Tropical Storm 38 mph 39-73 mph II. Hurricanes A. Parts B. Stages Tropical Depression Tropical Storm Hurricane 38 mph 39-73 mph 74- mph II. Hurricanes A. Parts B. Stages C. Categories Use the Saffir-Simpson scale Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale Category 1 Sustained Winds Damage 74-95 mph Minimal Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale Sustained Winds Damage 1 74-95 mph Minimal 2 96-110 mph Moderate Category Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale Sustained Winds Damage 1 74-95 mph Minimal 2 3 96-110 mph 111-130 mph Moderate Extensive Category Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale Sustained Winds Damage 1 74-95 mph Minimal 2 3 96-110 mph 111-130 mph Moderate Extensive 4 131-155 mph Extreme Category Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale Sustained Winds Damage 1 74-95 mph Minimal 2 3 96-110 mph 111-130 mph Moderate Extensive 4 5 131-155 mph >155 mph Extreme Catastrophic Category II. Hurricanes D. Hazards 1. Storm surges A ‘mound’ of water driven to shore by hurricane winds (up to 18 ft above normal level) II. Hurricanes D. Hazards 1. Storm surges 2. Rains Can cause flooding II. Hurricanes D. Hazards 1. Storm surges 2. Rains 3. Winds Can cause severe structural damage. The End Recurring Weather I. Floods and Droughts I. Floods and Droughts A. Floods Occur when more water falls than can infiltrate or runoff an area. I. Floods and Droughts A. Floods 1. Flash floods can develop within minutes or hours of rain. I. Floods and Droughts A. Floods 1. Flash floods can develop within minutes or hours of rain. 2. Almost half of flood fatalities are vehicle related. I. Floods and Droughts A. Floods 1. Flash floods can develop within minutes or hours of rain. 2. Almost half of flood fatalities are vehicle related. 3. Six inches of fast moving water can knock you off your feet. I. Floods and Droughts B. Droughts Extended periods of less than normal rainfall. I. Floods and Droughts B. Droughts 1. Causes High pressure system with no jet stream activity I. Floods and Droughts B. Droughts 1. Causes 2. Effects Affects agriculture, livestock, & people. II. Temperature conditions A. Heat waves Extended periods of above-normal temperatures II. Temperature conditions A. Heat waves 1. Causes Caused by high pressure system – sinking air warms as it’s compressed and blocks cooler air. II. Temperature conditions A. Heat waves 1. Causes 2. Humidity adds to discomfort Moisture in the atmosphere decreases evaporation of sweat from your skin. II. Temperature conditions A. Heat waves 1. Causes 2. Humidity adds to discomfort 3. Heat index Table used to determine apparent temperature Heat Index II. Temperature conditions B. Cold waves Extended period of colder than normal temps. II. Temperature conditions B. Cold waves 1. Causes Caused by high pressure polar or arctic air II. Temperature conditions B. Cold waves 1. Causes 2. Jet stream keeps these air masses moving. II. Temperature conditions B. Cold waves 1. Causes 2. Jet stream keeps these air masses moving. 3. Wind enhances the cold sensation. The wind chill factor estimates the heat lost by human skin due to cold and wind. The End