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Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, and Typhoons Winds speeds in excess of 64 knots (74 mph) Global sea surface temperatures T > 81 oF=27 °C for hurricane formation Warm enough ocean temperatures & large enough Coriolis force (Latitudes greater than 10 degrees) Stages in development Complexes of thunderstorms >64 knots 20-34 knots 35-63 knots stages Tropical Depressions Initial thunderstorm growth 1. ITCZ Warm enough ocean temperatures & large enough Coriolis force (Latitudes greater than 10 degrees) Rain Bands Eye Wall Eye The pressure in the eye near the surface is very low and controls the hurricane’s strength. The pressure high above the surface in the eye is High cause air to sink and clouds to dissappear. Surface pressure is lowest in the eye of a hurricane. Wind speed is maximum in the eye wall and is usually calm in the eye. Intense rain, winds, and possibly tornadoes are most likely in the eye wall. Katrina August 28, 2005 TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) Climatology El Nino and Hurricanes Are hurricanes getting more frequent or more intense? Red-total hurricanes and tropical storms (named storms) Yellow : total hurricanes Green : cat 3 or above Total power dissipated by hurricanes PDI seems to be increasing since 1980. From: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/earth/stronger-hurricanes.html And http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/3302/07-hott-nf.html Most recent data.
