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HURRICANE SANDY 2012 Sabrina Merdita Psychology College of Arts and Sciences WHAT IS A HURRICANE? • A tropical cyclone resulting from low pressure system • Form over tropical or subtropical water • 74 mph and above • Categorized using the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale • Typically 600 km wide • Can last several days to a week or more HOW DOES A HURRICANE FORM? • Release of latent heat supplied by evaporation • Warm air rises creating low pressure • Warm air replaced by cooler air • Thunderstorms & rain • Tropical depressiontropical storm-hurricane • As system moves, clouds expand HURRICANE SANDY 2012 TIMELINE • • • • • • Originated in the Caribbean October 22nd Developed into a category 1 hurricane the 23rd Made landfall in Jamaica the 24th Landed in Cuba as a category 3 and moved on to Haiti on the 25th Several states along the coast declare a state of emergency- 26-28th Transportation suspended, flights cancelled, some evacuations • Approaches land as a category 2 and winds spread out up to 175 miles from the eye • Extra-tropical cyclone • Hits New Jersey late night on the 29th https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9QkBtxiowiA NEW JERSEY • Mandatory evacuations for all barrier islands and other residential areas • Obama signed an emergency declaration • Storm made landfall on the 29th • 37 fatalities • Cleaning up would cost upwards of $37 billion • Approximately 350,000 houses and businesses destroyed/damaged • Jersey Shore and Barrier Islands hit the hardest NEW YORK • Voluntary and mandatory evacuations issued in surge zone areas • Subways and bus systems were suspended • Highest recorded wind gust: 90 mph • Storm surges of about 14 ft • Schools remained closed through Nov 2nd • Estimated damage was $33 billion • 48 fatalities in the city RECORDS & EFFECTS • Lowest barometric pressure ever recorded for an Atlantic Storm to make landfall north of Cape Hatteras, NC • Record storm surge of water into NYC • Battery Park 13.88 ft • Harbor 32.5 ft • Second largest Atlantic storm behind Olga in 2001 • 8.5 million without power over 15 states • Total damage costs exceeded $60 billion dollars PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS • Hard to determine • Depends on personal experience • Gallup-Healthways poll conducted one year after • NY, NJ, CT- 25% increase in diagnosis of depression • Acute stress disorder • Life threatening situations may lead to PTSD or major depressive disorder • Mental health often overlooked SUMMARY • Hurricanes form over warm water and from low pressure • Saffir-Simpson Scale • Hurricane Sandy was extremely costly and caused much damage • Widespread impact • One of the largest Atlantic storms in history • New Jersey and New York were hit hardest • Severe weather can have psychological effects QUESTIONS? SOURCES • http://wx.db.erau.edu/faculty/mullerb/Wx365/Hurricanes/hurricanes.html • http://eschooltoday.com/natural-disasters/hurricanes/important-hurricane-words.html • http://www.cnn.com/2013/07/13/world/americas/hurricane-sandy-fast-facts/ • http://www.dividedstates.com/new-jersey-damage-hurricane-sandy-photos/ • http://photoblog.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/10/30/14809600-hurricane-sandy-leaves-surreal-scenes-in-its-wake • http://www.capitalnewyork.com/article/politics/2012/11/6538894/32-fatalities-hurricane-sandy-new-york-city-and-stillcounting • http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1012/83043_Page2.html • http://www.wjla.com/pictures/2012/10/hurricane-sandy-photos-new-york-new-jersey-damaged-flooded-by-mammothstorm/ground-zero-inundated-27198-1876.html • http://wx.db.erau.edu/faculty/mullerb/Wx365/Hurricanes/hurricanes.html • http://www.livescience.com/40754-hurricane-sandy-health-impact.html • http://weatherwonderland.blogspot.com/2012/10/extra-tropical-storm-sandy.html