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Dinosaurs: Back from the Grave Stephanie Baumgart [email protected] Rock Cycle • 3 types of rock: • Igneous • volcanic rock • Sedimentary • compacted rock • Metamorphic • deformed, changing rock Journey to the Center of the Earth • Just over 4000 miles to the center of the earth: • Crust • 5-25 miles thick • Mantle • 1800 miles thick • Solid rock – hotter rock moves towards the surface, cooler rock sinks towards the core • Outer Core • 1400 miles thick • Liquid iron, flows around • Generates magnetic field • Inner Core • 800 miles thick • Solid iron, very hot (4700o C) Plate Tectonics – The Land Moves! • The ground you’re sitting on is moving about 1.15 cm per year • Pangea • supercontinent 300 million years ago • Land masses join and split and join again • Next supercontinent in 250 million years Fossilization: How do you become a fossil? • Go die in the water – a calm riverbend or out in the deep sea are your best options • Eventually, your soft tissue will deteriorate and you will be buried by sediment as the water flows by • As time goes by, the sediment will solidify and turn to rock, minerals in the sediment will turn your bones into rocks, more layers will cover you over the course of millions of years • The earth shifts, uncovers a couple of your bones, and someone may find you Ornithischia • Bird-hipped dinosaurs • Herbivores (Plant-eaters) • Spend most of their time on four legs; when they run, they can run on two legs Thyreophorans • Armored dinosaurs • Ex: Ankylosaurus, Stegosaurus Ornithopods • Bird-like dinosaurs • Ex: Iguanodon, Pachycephalosaurus Marginocephalians • Frilled dinosaurs • Ex: Protoceratops, Triceratops Saurischia Sauropods • Long-necked dinosaurs • Largest animals to roam the earth • Four-legged • Ex: Apatosaurus, Brachiosaurus • Lizard-hipped dinosaurs Theropods • Mostly carnivores • Two-legged • A branch of theropods evolved into birds • Ex: Tyrannosaurus, Velociraptor
