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Unit 4 Review
1450 CE—1750 CE
1. How was the global trade network of the
15th century different from that of previous
eras?
A. There was no trade between civilizations prior to the
15th century.
B. Trade prior to the 15th century was limited to the
Western Hemisphere.
C. In previous eras, most attention was given to the
development of larger regional economies and cultural
zones, rather than a truly global network.
D. Trade in previous eras was almost entirely in the hands
of the West.
E. It was controlled by the Chinese due to their naval
presence in the Indian Ocean.
1. How was the global trade network of the
15th century different from that of previous
eras?
A. There was no trade between civilizations prior to the
15th century.
B. Trade prior to the 15th century was limited to the
Western Hemisphere.
C. In previous eras, most attention was given to the
development of larger regional economies and cultural
zones, rather than a truly global network.
D. Trade in previous eras was almost entirely in the hands
of the West.
E. It was controlled by the Chinese due to their naval
presence in the Indian Ocean.
2. The initiative for Western exploration and
conquest came from the kingdom of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Portugal.
Spain.
France.
Sicily.
Venice.
2. The initiative for Western exploration and
conquest came from the kingdom of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Portugal.
Spain.
France.
Sicily.
Venice.
3. What was the purpose of the early English
voyages to North America?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
To establish colonies
To create a fortified port and trading region
To discover a northwest passage to India
To drive the Spanish from the Americas
To convert natives to Catholicism
3. What was the purpose of the early English
voyages to North America?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
To establish colonies
To create a fortified port and trading region
To discover a northwest passage to India
To drive the Spanish from the Americas
To convert natives to Catholicism
4. In what way were the early Dutch and British
exploration and trade projects different from
those of the Iberian nations?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The expeditions of Spain and Portugal did not enjoy government
support.
Dutch and British exploration owed much to private initiative of
merchant groups and the formation of chartered trading
companies.
Dutch and British exploratory expeditions were independent of
their respective governments.
The Dutch and British operated joint explorations in the names of
both governments while Portugal and Spain competed in the
competition for conquest.
The Dutch and British projects were financed with banking capital
from Italy and the Florentines.
4. In what way were the early Dutch and British
exploration and trade projects different from
those of the Iberian nations?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The expeditions of Spain and Portugal did not enjoy government
support.
Dutch and British exploration owed much to private initiative of
merchant groups and the formation of chartered trading
companies.
Dutch and British exploratory expeditions were independent of
their respective governments.
The Dutch and British operated joint explorations in the names of
both governments while Portugal and Spain competed in the
competition for conquest.
The Dutch and British projects were financed with banking capital
from Italy and the Florentines.
5. As part of the “Colombian Exchange,” which
of the following was a European contribution
to the Americas?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Bullion
Raw materials
Horses
Corn
Potatoes
5. As part of the “Colombian Exchange,” which
of the following was a European contribution
to the Americas?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Bullion
Raw materials
Horses
Corn
Potatoes
6. Despite Japan’s official policy of isolation,
the Dutch were able to gain special access to
the port of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Osaka.
Kyoto.
Kure.
Nagasaki.
Yokohama.
6. Despite Japan’s official policy of isolation,
the Dutch were able to gain special access to
the port of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Osaka.
Kyoto.
Kure.
Nagasaki.
Yokohama.
7. Which of the following statements
concerning the relationship between Asian
civilizations and the world commercial
network of the 16th and 17th centuries is
NOT accurate?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Asian civilizations had ample political strength and economic
sophistication to avoid dependent status.
East Asia constituted the civilization that remained most fully and
consciously external to the world economy.
China depended on extensive government regulation to keep
European activities in check.
China was able, thanks to the existence of its coastal navy, to
prevent the establishment of European ports.
Most of the silver mined and exported by the Spanish ended up in
China in order for the Spanish to purchase Chinese manufactured
goods.
7. Which of the following statements
concerning the relationship between Asian
civilizations and the world commercial
network of the 16th and 17th centuries is
NOT accurate?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Asian civilizations had ample political strength and economic
sophistication to avoid dependent status.
East Asia constituted the civilization that remained most fully and
consciously external to the world economy.
China depended on extensive government regulation to keep
European activities in check.
China was able, thanks to the existence of its coastal navy, to
prevent the establishment of European ports.
Most of the silver mined and exported by the Spanish ended up in
China in order for the Spanish to purchase Chinese manufactured
goods.
8. The British East India Company through
negotiation with local Mughal princes gained
a station at
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Goa.
Calcutta.
Bombay.
Delhi.
Ceylon.
8. The British East India Company through
negotiation with local Mughal princes gained
a station at
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Goa.
Calcutta.
Bombay.
Delhi.
Ceylon.
9. Why did the southern colonies of the Atlantic
seaboard win importance before those
farther north?
A. Gold was discovered within the southern colonies of the
Atlantic seaboard.
B. The harsh climate of the northern colonies left those
regions virtually unsettled.
C. Only the southern colonies were able to eliminate the
native Indian population.
D. Cultivation of cash crops produced by coercive labor
emerged there.
E. The need to defend the southern colonies against
Spanish settlers.
9. Why did the southern colonies of the Atlantic
seaboard win importance before those
farther north?
A. Gold was discovered within the southern colonies of the
Atlantic seaboard.
B. The harsh climate of the northern colonies left those
regions virtually unsettled.
C. Only the southern colonies were able to eliminate the
native Indian population.
D. Cultivation of cash crops produced by coercive labor
emerged there.
E. The need to defend the southern colonies against
Spanish settlers.
10. In characterizing the period from 1450 to
1750 in the West, which of the following
statements is NOT accurate?
A. What was once an agricultural society had become a
predominantly manufacturing economy.
B. Government powers had expanded as nation-states
began to evolve.
C. Science came to form the centerpiece of Western
intellectual life.
D. The popular outlook, including ideas about personality
and family as well as concepts of nature, had shifted.
E. The idea of Christian unity started to decline which led
to religious wars.
10. In characterizing the period from 1450 to
1750 in the West, which of the following
statements is NOT accurate?
A. What was once an agricultural society had become a
predominantly manufacturing economy.
B. Government powers had expanded as nation-states
began to evolve.
C. Science came to form the centerpiece of Western
intellectual life.
D. The popular outlook, including ideas about personality
and family as well as concepts of nature, had shifted.
E. The idea of Christian unity started to decline which led
to religious wars.
11. Which of the following sequences lists the
major developments of Western civilization
in proper sequence?
A. Protestant Reformation, Renaissance, absolute
monarchy, Enlightenment
B. Absolute monarchy, Renaissance, Enlightenment,
Protestant Reformation
C. Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, absolute
monarchy, Enlightenment
D. Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, Enlightenment,
absolute monarchy
E. Absolute monarchy, Enlightenment, Protestant
Reformation, Renaissance
11. Which of the following sequences lists the
major developments of Western civilization
in proper sequence?
A. Protestant Reformation, Renaissance, absolute
monarchy, Enlightenment
B. Absolute monarchy, Renaissance, Enlightenment,
Protestant Reformation
C. Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, absolute
monarchy, Enlightenment
D. Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, Enlightenment,
absolute monarchy
E. Absolute monarchy, Enlightenment, Protestant
Reformation, Renaissance
12. Which of the following was NOT a religious
proposition advanced by Martin Luther?
A. Sale of indulgence, or grants of salvation, for
money was wrong.
B. Only faith could gain salvation.
C. Monasticism was wrong.
D. Priests should practice celibacy.
E. People should read the Bible in their own
language.
12. Which of the following was NOT a religious
proposition advanced by Martin Luther?
A. Sale of indulgence, or grants of salvation, for
money was wrong.
B. Only faith could gain salvation.
C. Monasticism was wrong.
D. Priests should practice celibacy.
E. People should read the Bible in their own
language.
13. Which of the following statements most
accurately describes the reason why Luther
picked up widespread support among the
German elite?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Luther proposed moving the papacy from Rome to Germany.
Luther’s support for a more centralized German government under
the control of the Holy Roman emperor struck a responsive chord
in German nationalism.
German princes who turned Protestant could increase their
independence from the emperor, seize church lands, and control
the church in their territories.
Luther proposed that indulgences should be collected by the Holy
Roman emperor instead of the pope.
Luther was seen as anti-Muslim and many German princes saw a
way to expand their power into eastern Europe.
13. Which of the following statements most
accurately describes the reason why Luther
picked up widespread support among the
German elite?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Luther proposed moving the papacy from Rome to Germany.
Luther’s support for a more centralized German government under
the control of the Holy Roman emperor struck a responsive chord
in German nationalism.
German princes who turned Protestant could increase their
independence from the emperor, seize church lands, and control
the church in their territories.
Luther proposed that indulgences should be collected by the Holy
Roman emperor instead of the pope.
Luther was seen as anti-Muslim and many German princes saw a
way to expand their power into eastern Europe.
14. What new religious order was associated
with the Catholic Reformation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Benedictines
Jesuits
Calvinists
Dominicans
Franciscans
14. What new religious order was associated
with the Catholic Reformation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Benedictines
Jesuits
Calvinists
Dominicans
Franciscans
15. Who used astronomical observation and
mathematical calculation to disprove the
Hellenistic belief that the Earth was the
center of the universe?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Galileo
Copernicus
Ptolemy
Francis Bacon
Isaac Newton
15. Who used astronomical observation and
mathematical calculation to disprove the
Hellenistic belief that the Earth was the
center of the universe?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Galileo
Copernicus
Ptolemy
Francis Bacon
Isaac Newton
16. Which of the following statements most
accurately summarizes the view of Deists?
A. While there may be a divinity, its role is only to set
natural laws in motion.
B. God can be found in all elements of creation, whether
plant, animal, or mineral.
C. The authority of the church is paramount, and all
political power is derived from divine sanction.
D. The institutional church has failed Western society, and
it is necessary for the reestablishment of the church
through new institutions founded by the state.
E. God establishes governments on Earth, and kings are his
instruments.
16. Which of the following statements most
accurately summarizes the view of Deists?
A. While there may be a divinity, its role is only to set
natural laws in motion.
B. God can be found in all elements of creation, whether
plant, animal, or mineral.
C. The authority of the church is paramount, and all
political power is derived from divine sanction.
D. The institutional church has failed Western society, and
it is necessary for the reestablishment of the church
through new institutions founded by the state.
E. God establishes governments on Earth, and kings are his
instruments.
17. Which of the following descriptions most
accurately defines mercantilism?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Mercantilism was a scientific theory that attempted to limit the
growing dominance of merchants within society.
Mercantilism held that government should promote the internal
economy in order to improve tax revenues and to limit imports
from other nations.
Mercantilism was an economic philosophy that argued that natural
laws would determine the flow of goods according to supply and
demand.
Mercantilism argued that the money supply should be freed from
the supply of bullion and based instead on the flow of goods within
regional markets.
Mercantilism is the idea that all trade should be international and
free of any restraints.
17. Which of the following descriptions most
accurately defines mercantilism?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Mercantilism was a scientific theory that attempted to limit the
growing dominance of merchants within society.
Mercantilism held that government should promote the internal
economy in order to improve tax revenues and to limit imports
from other nations.
Mercantilism was an economic philosophy that argued that natural
laws would determine the flow of goods according to supply and
demand.
Mercantilism argued that the money supply should be freed from
the supply of bullion and based instead on the flow of goods within
regional markets.
Mercantilism is the idea that all trade should be international and
free of any restraints.
18. Which of the following states stood apart
from the trend toward absolute monarchy in
the 17th century and retained a parliamentary
regime?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
France
Prussia
Spain
Austria-Hungary
Britain
18. Which of the following states stood apart
from the trend toward absolute monarchy in
the 17th century and retained a parliamentary
regime?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
France
Prussia
Spain
Austria-Hungary
Britain
19. What political center served as the focal
point for the Russian liberation from the
Mongols?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Kiev
Duchy of Moscow
St. Petersburg
Principate of Novgorod
Crimean peninsula
19. What political center served as the focal
point for the Russian liberation from the
Mongols?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Kiev
Duchy of Moscow
St. Petersburg
Principate of Novgorod
Crimean peninsula
20. What government did Ivan the Great claim
to have succeeded as the “third Rome”?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The Byzantine Empire
The Abbasid Empire
The Ottoman Empire
The Umayyad Empire
Holy Roman Empire
20. What government did Ivan the Great claim
to have succeeded as the “third Rome”?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The Byzantine Empire
The Abbasid Empire
The Ottoman Empire
The Umayyad Empire
Holy Roman Empire
21. Politically, what aspects of Western culture
did Peter the Great emulate in Russia?
A. Parliamentary government
B. Aristocratic control of the bureaucracy
C. Royal control over the bureaucracy and
reorganized military
D. Republicanism
E. Separation of church and state
21. Politically, what aspects of Western culture
did Peter the Great emulate in Russia?
A. Parliamentary government
B. Aristocratic control of the bureaucracy
C. Royal control over the bureaucracy and
reorganized military
D. Republicanism
E. Separation of church and state
22. In what way did Peter the Great shift the
foreign policy interests of Russia?
A. Peter the Great initiated the Russian invasion of China.
B. Peter abandoned the Russian policies of expansion in
favor of consolidation at the center.
C. Peter allied himself with the traditional Russian enemy,
the Ottoman Empire.
D. Peter’s wars with the Ottoman Empire and Sweden
indicated a westward shift in Russian expansion.
E. Peter began Russian expansion into North America and
Japan.
22. In what way did Peter the Great shift the
foreign policy interests of Russia?
A. Peter the Great initiated the Russian invasion of China.
B. Peter abandoned the Russian policies of expansion in
favor of consolidation at the center.
C. Peter allied himself with the traditional Russian enemy,
the Ottoman Empire.
D. Peter’s wars with the Ottoman Empire and Sweden
indicated a westward shift in Russian expansion.
E. Peter began Russian expansion into North America and
Japan.
23. Peter the Great established a new capital
for Russia at
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Kiev.
Moscow.
Novgorod.
St. Petersburg.
Ekaterinburg.
23. Peter the Great established a new capital
for Russia at
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Kiev.
Moscow.
Novgorod.
St. Petersburg.
Ekaterinburg.
24. What was Catherine the Great’s attitude
toward the program of Westernization?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Catherine flirted vigorously with the ideas of the French
Enlightenment, but failed to take steps to abolish serfdom.
Catherine rejected the concepts of Westernization in favor of a
distinctive Russian culture.
Catherine earned the title of Enlightened monarch by fully
embracing the ideas of the French Enlightenment, including the
abolition of the serfs.
Catherine was eager to continue the policy of Westernization, but
was unable to attract Western philosophers to backward Russia.
She was more interested in the process of Asianization and
reforming the aristocracy.
24. What was Catherine the Great’s attitude
toward the program of Westernization?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Catherine flirted vigorously with the ideas of the French
Enlightenment, but failed to take steps to abolish serfdom.
Catherine rejected the concepts of Westernization in favor of a
distinctive Russian culture.
Catherine earned the title of Enlightened monarch by fully
embracing the ideas of the French Enlightenment, including the
abolition of the serfs.
Catherine was eager to continue the policy of Westernization, but
was unable to attract Western philosophers to backward Russia.
She was more interested in the process of Asianization and
reforming the aristocracy.
25. What was one of the primary limitations on
the expansion of the agricultural economy?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The lack of cheap labor
The lack of markets for Russian surpluses
Lack of technological improvement
The lack of estate agricultural systems in Russia
The lack of available and arable land
25. What was one of the primary limitations on
the expansion of the agricultural economy?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The lack of cheap labor
The lack of markets for Russian surpluses
Lack of technological improvement
The lack of estate agricultural systems in Russia
The lack of available and arable land
26. How was the commercial experience of the
Portuguese extended to the Americas?
A. The Portuguese were familiar with the routes to the Far
East that resulted in the circumnavigation of the globe.
B. The Portuguese were responsible for the use of galleys
in the Atlantic passage.
C. The Portuguese experience in Africa and their
involvement in slave trading was extended to the
Americas.
D. The Portuguese introduction of tobacco estate
agriculture into the Caribbean was a significant factor in
American colonization.
E. The Portuguese began commercial trade after the
Spanish discovered gold in the Americas.
26. How was the commercial experience of the
Portuguese extended to the Americas?
A. The Portuguese were familiar with the routes to the Far
East that resulted in the circumnavigation of the globe.
B. The Portuguese were responsible for the use of galleys
in the Atlantic passage.
C. The Portuguese experience in Africa and their
involvement in slave trading was extended to the
Americas.
D. The Portuguese introduction of tobacco estate
agriculture into the Caribbean was a significant factor in
American colonization.
E. The Portuguese began commercial trade after the
Spanish discovered gold in the Americas.
27. What group of Indians supplied agricultural
labor for the Spaniards in the Caribbean?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Aztec
Lakota
Maya
Inca
Taino
27. What group of Indians supplied agricultural
labor for the Spaniards in the Caribbean?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Aztec
Lakota
Maya
Inca
Taino
28. What accounted for the majority of the
population loss suffered by Native Americans
after the European arrival?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Losses in warfare
Enslavement
Epidemic diseases
Failure of marriage patterns among the Indians
Internal civil conflicts
28. What accounted for the majority of the
population loss suffered by Native Americans
after the European arrival?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Losses in warfare
Enslavement
Epidemic diseases
Failure of marriage patterns among the Indians
Internal civil conflicts
29. Which of the following statements most
accurately describes the nature of the
economy in Spanish America?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The majority of people in Latin America were rapidly organized into
a light industrial economy intended to produce goods for American
society.
Although the majority of people were engaged in agriculture, the
whole Spanish commercial system was organized around the
mining economy.
Latin America received almost its entire food supply from Europe,
because the Spanish colonies were entirely geared to the
production of sugar on estate agricultural systems.
The agricultural economy of Latin America absorbed virtually its
entire population because of the absence of large domesticated
animals prior to 1800.
Most people made their living in manufacturing, with a small
segment working in the agricultural sector.
29. Which of the following statements most
accurately describes the nature of the
economy in Spanish America?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The majority of people in Latin America were rapidly organized into
a light industrial economy intended to produce goods for American
society.
Although the majority of people were engaged in agriculture, the
whole Spanish commercial system was organized around the
mining economy.
Latin America received almost its entire food supply from Europe,
because the Spanish colonies were entirely geared to the
production of sugar on estate agricultural systems.
The agricultural economy of Latin America absorbed virtually its
entire population because of the absence of large domesticated
animals prior to 1800.
Most people made their living in manufacturing, with a small
segment working in the agricultural sector.
30. The Spanish convoy system that controlled
trade with the Americas was made possible
by the development of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
the astrolabe.
galleons.
oared galleys.
gunpowder.
lateen sail.
30. The Spanish convoy system that controlled
trade with the Americas was made possible
by the development of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
the astrolabe.
galleons.
oared galleys.
gunpowder.
lateen sail.
31. The Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494 divided the
world into spheres of influence belonging to
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Portugal and Castile.
Spain and France.
Portugal and Spain.
Spain and England.
Mexico and Peru.
31. The Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494 divided the
world into spheres of influence belonging to
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Portugal and Castile.
Spain and France.
Portugal and Spain.
Spain and England.
Mexico and Peru.
32. The vice royalties of New Spain and Peru
were divided into 10 judicial divisions
controlled by superior courts, or
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
consulados.
audiencias.
obrajes.
encomiendas.
cortes.
32. The vice royalties of New Spain and Peru
were divided into 10 judicial divisions
controlled by superior courts, or
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
consulados.
audiencias.
obrajes.
encomiendas.
cortes.
33. What was the primary difference between
the Spanish and Portuguese empires?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Portuguese colonies did not have the heavy influence of the
Catholic church found in Spanish colonies.
Portuguese colonies lacked the bureaucratic structure that
characterized the Spanish colonies after the middle of the 16th
century.
Unlike the Spanish empire that was almost exclusively American,
the Portuguese empire included colonies and outposts in Asia and
Africa as well as Brazil.
The Portuguese colony of Brazil was more intellectually
independent of the mother country than were the Spanish colonies
in Latin America.
The Portuguese treated their slaves better than did the Spanish due
to the influence of the Catholic church.
33. What was the primary difference between
the Spanish and Portuguese empires?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Portuguese colonies did not have the heavy influence of the
Catholic church found in Spanish colonies.
Portuguese colonies lacked the bureaucratic structure that
characterized the Spanish colonies after the middle of the 16th
century.
Unlike the Spanish empire that was almost exclusively American,
the Portuguese empire included colonies and outposts in Asia and
Africa as well as Brazil.
The Portuguese colony of Brazil was more intellectually
independent of the mother country than were the Spanish colonies
in Latin America.
The Portuguese treated their slaves better than did the Spanish due
to the influence of the Catholic church.
34. What was the basis for the social hierarchy
that developed in the Americas?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Wealth
The prestige associated with one’s occupation
Racial origins
The Spanish cultural hierarchy
Education
34. What was the basis for the social hierarchy
that developed in the Americas?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Wealth
The prestige associated with one’s occupation
Racial origins
The Spanish cultural hierarchy
Education
35. What European nation first established
direct contact with black Africa?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Spain
England
Italy
Portugal
France
35. What European nation first established
direct contact with black Africa?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Spain
England
Italy
Portugal
France
36. What was the African contribution to the
“Colombian Exchange”?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Large mammals
Tapioca
Slaves
Manioc
Potatoes
36. What was the African contribution to the
“Colombian Exchange”?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Large mammals
Tapioca
Slaves
Manioc
Potatoes
37. In what manner did the Portuguese seize
most of the slaves that were transported
from Africa?
A. They captured them in raids into the African interior.
B. They traded for them with African rulers.
C. As a result of the defeat of most of the African
kingdoms, the Portuguese obtained a ready supply of
slaves.
D. They purchased them from the Muslim slave traders of
the east African trading cities.
E. They traded for slaves from other European powers
such as France and England.
37. In what manner did the Portuguese seize
most of the slaves that were transported
from Africa?
A. They captured them in raids into the African interior.
B. They traded for them with African rulers.
C. As a result of the defeat of most of the African
kingdoms, the Portuguese obtained a ready supply of
slaves.
D. They purchased them from the Muslim slave traders of
the east African trading cities.
E. They traded for slaves from other European powers
such as France and England.
38. What development led to an intensification
of the Portuguese involvement in the African
slave trade?
A. The extension of the agricultural system in
Europe
B. The Black Death, which decreased the available
supply of labor in Europe
C. The development of sugar plantations on the
Atlantic island of Madeira
D. The growth of the Ottoman Empire
E. Spanish reconquista and the establishment of
New Granada
38. What development led to an intensification
of the Portuguese involvement in the African
slave trade?
A. The extension of the agricultural system in
Europe
B. The Black Death, which decreased the available
supply of labor in Europe
C. The development of sugar plantations on the
Atlantic island of Madeira
D. The growth of the Ottoman Empire
E. Spanish reconquista and the establishment of
New Granada
39. What was the term utilized for the
commercial arrangement by which African
slaves were shipped to the Americas, sugar
and tobacco were carried to Europe, and
European manufactured goods were
transported to Africa?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The “Colombian Exchange”
Mercantilism
Triangular trade
The “Atlantic Express”
The “Four Corners”
39. What was the term utilized for the
commercial arrangement by which African
slaves were shipped to the Americas, sugar
and tobacco were carried to Europe, and
European manufactured goods were
transported to Africa?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The “Colombian Exchange”
Mercantilism
Triangular trade
The “Atlantic Express”
The “Four Corners”
40. In what way did the European slave trade
enable centralizing states to expand more
rapidly?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Slaves were traded for firearms that allowed expanding states to
overpower their neighbors, resulting in more slaves.
The Europeans rapidly created military alliances and added their
armies to those of their slave-trading allies.
The European slave trade weakened the states of central and
western Africa, allowing the centralizing states of eastern Africa to
expand without competition.
The slave trade was restricted to the coasts, leaving the political
units of interior Africa free of European interference.
The slave trade declined in the cross-Sahara trade routes leading to
the introduction of stronger Muslim kingdoms.
40. In what way did the European slave trade
enable centralizing states to expand more
rapidly?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Slaves were traded for firearms that allowed expanding states to
overpower their neighbors, resulting in more slaves.
The Europeans rapidly created military alliances and added their
armies to those of their slave-trading allies.
The European slave trade weakened the states of central and
western Africa, allowing the centralizing states of eastern Africa to
expand without competition.
The slave trade was restricted to the coasts, leaving the political
units of interior Africa free of European interference.
The slave trade declined in the cross-Sahara trade routes leading to
the introduction of stronger Muslim kingdoms.
41. On the east coast of Africa, the Swahili
trading cities
A. were decimated following European naval attacks.
B. fell entirely within the orbit of the Portuguese global
trade network.
C. continued their commerce in the Indian Ocean with
both the Portuguese and the Ottoman Turks.
D. were unique in Africa because of their refusal to
participate in the slave trade.
E. abandoned trade with Islam in favor of trade with
the Europeans.
41. On the east coast of Africa, the Swahili
trading cities
A. were decimated following European naval attacks.
B. fell entirely within the orbit of the Portuguese global
trade network.
C. continued their commerce in the Indian Ocean with
both the Portuguese and the Ottoman Turks.
D. were unique in Africa because of their refusal to
participate in the slave trade.
E. abandoned trade with Islam in favor of trade with
the Europeans.
42. What area of Africa was least affected by
the slave trade?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The savanna and the Sudan
Southern Africa
Central and west Africa
East Africa
West Africa
42. What area of Africa was least affected by
the slave trade?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The savanna and the Sudan
Southern Africa
Central and west Africa
East Africa
West Africa
43. How were the British colonies of the
southern Atlantic coast of North America
different from the Latin American colonies?
A. There was no slavery there.
B. Although urban slavery was common, there was no
plantation agricultural system on the North American
mainland.
C. Manumission of slaves tended to be more common in
the British colonies.
D. The British colonies depended less on imported
Africans because of the positive rate of growth among
the slaves.
E. The British colonies were primarily industrial.
43. How were the British colonies of the
southern Atlantic coast of North America
different from the Latin American colonies?
A. There was no slavery there.
B. Although urban slavery was common, there was no
plantation agricultural system on the North American
mainland.
C. Manumission of slaves tended to be more common in
the British colonies.
D. The British colonies depended less on imported
Africans because of the positive rate of growth among
the slaves.
E. The British colonies were primarily industrial.
44. The original base of the Ottoman Turks was
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Mesopotamia.
Syria.
the Balkans.
Anatolia.
Persia.
44. The original base of the Ottoman Turks was
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Mesopotamia.
Syria.
the Balkans.
Anatolia.
Persia.
45. The Janissaries were
A. religious leaders under the control of the Ottoman
state.
B. powerful members of the scholar-gentry aristocracy
within the Ottoman Empire who dominated regional
administration.
C. slave troops of the Ottomans forcibly conscripted as
adolescents from conquered territories.
D. eunuchs from the royal family charged with care of the
imperial harem.
E. Islamic judges not subject to state authority but only
answered to the caliphs in Bagdad.
45. The Janissaries were
A. religious leaders under the control of the Ottoman
state.
B. powerful members of the scholar-gentry aristocracy
within the Ottoman Empire who dominated regional
administration.
C. slave troops of the Ottomans forcibly conscripted as
adolescents from conquered territories.
D. eunuchs from the royal family charged with care of the
imperial harem.
E. Islamic judges not subject to state authority but only
answered to the caliphs in Bagdad.
46. Which of the following was NOT a cause for
the decline of the Ottoman Empire?
A. Local officials began to retain increasing amounts of
revenue for their own purposes.
B. Oppressive demands of local officials caused the
peasantry to abandon their holdings and flee.
C. The ability of individual sultans to rule declined.
D. The addition of European military technology such as
light artillery made the Janissaries so powerful that
they could challenge the authority of the sultan.
E. Western Europe grew more powerful and challenged
their existence.
46. Which of the following was NOT a cause for
the decline of the Ottoman Empire?
A. Local officials began to retain increasing amounts of
revenue for their own purposes.
B. Oppressive demands of local officials caused the
peasantry to abandon their holdings and flee.
C. The ability of individual sultans to rule declined.
D. The addition of European military technology such as
light artillery made the Janissaries so powerful that
they could challenge the authority of the sultan.
E. Western Europe grew more powerful and challenged
their existence.
47. Which of the following represents a
difference between the declines of the
Abbasids and the Ottomans?
A. Only the Ottoman Empire suffered from the
intervention of mercenary soldiers in politics.
B. Only the Abbasids declined as a result of revolts by
peasants and townsmen oppressed by the landed
classes.
C. Only the Ottomans failed to develop a principle of
succession leading to civil strife.
D. The Ottomans were at a much greater disadvantage as a
result of the more potent threat from the West.
E. The Abbasid decline was much more gradual than that
of the Ottoman Empire.
47. Which of the following represents a
difference between the declines of the
Abbasids and the Ottomans?
A. Only the Ottoman Empire suffered from the
intervention of mercenary soldiers in politics.
B. Only the Abbasids declined as a result of revolts by
peasants and townsmen oppressed by the landed
classes.
C. Only the Ottomans failed to develop a principle of
succession leading to civil strife.
D. The Ottomans were at a much greater disadvantage as a
result of the more potent threat from the West.
E. The Abbasid decline was much more gradual than that
of the Ottoman Empire.
48. Which of the following represents a
difference between the origins of the
Ottomans and the Safavids?
A. The Safavids originated from a Turkish nomadic
group.
B. The Safavids represented a highly militant
strain of Islam.
C. The Safavids were originally frontier warriors.
D. The Safavids represented the Shi’a strain of
Islam.
E. The Safavids were of Chinese origin.
48. Which of the following represents a
difference between the origins of the
Ottomans and the Safavids?
A. The Safavids originated from a Turkish nomadic
group.
B. The Safavids represented a highly militant
strain of Islam.
C. The Safavids were originally frontier warriors.
D. The Safavids represented the Shi’a strain of
Islam.
E. The Safavids were of Chinese origin.
49. Why was the battle of Chaldiran in 1514 so
important?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The battle established the military supremacy of the Safavids over
the Ottomans and marked the end to eastern expansion of the
Ottoman Empire.
The Safavids were dealt a devastating defeat that checked the
westward advance of Shi’ism and decimated the ranks of the
Turkic warriors who had built the Safavid empire.
The combined armies of the Safavids and Ottomans defeated the
Mughal armies and ended the policy of expansion undertaken by
the Mughal emperors of India.
The defeat of the Safavids by a Western army reduced the Islamic
empire to economic dependency on the West and military
inferiority to the other Muslim empires.
It signaled the beginning of Islamic regional dominance which
would lead to the beginning of secular type governments in the
Middle East.
49. Why was the battle of Chaldiran in 1514 so
important?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The battle established the military supremacy of the Safavids over
the Ottomans and marked the end to eastern expansion of the
Ottoman Empire.
The Safavids were dealt a devastating defeat that checked the
westward advance of Shi’ism and decimated the ranks of the
Turkic warriors who had built the Safavid empire.
The combined armies of the Safavids and Ottomans defeated the
Mughal armies and ended the policy of expansion undertaken by
the Mughal emperors of India.
The defeat of the Safavids by a Western army reduced the Islamic
empire to economic dependency on the West and military
inferiority to the other Muslim empires.
It signaled the beginning of Islamic regional dominance which
would lead to the beginning of secular type governments in the
Middle East.
50. The founder of the Mughal dynasty was
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Timur.
Akbar.
Mehmet II.
Abbas.
Babur.
50. The founder of the Mughal dynasty was
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Timur.
Akbar.
Mehmet II.
Abbas.
Babur.
51. What was the critical feature of Akbar’s
new religion, the Din-i-Ilahi?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
It attempted to blend elements of the many faiths with which he
was familiar as a means of reconciling Hindus and Muslims.
It sought to purify the Islamic faith and remove Hindu influences
by adopting many of the Sufi teachings already extant in India.
Like the Safavids to whom early members of the Mughal dynasty
fled in exile, Akbar adopted militant Shi’ism.
Although it retained the formal appearance of Islam, the popular
aspects of the new religion were almost entirely Buddhist.
It was very similar to Zoroastrianism but included elements of
Christianity and Judaism.
51. What was the critical feature of Akbar’s
new religion, the Din-i-Ilahi?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
It attempted to blend elements of the many faiths with which he
was familiar as a means of reconciling Hindus and Muslims.
It sought to purify the Islamic faith and remove Hindu influences
by adopting many of the Sufi teachings already extant in India.
Like the Safavids to whom early members of the Mughal dynasty
fled in exile, Akbar adopted militant Shi’ism.
Although it retained the formal appearance of Islam, the popular
aspects of the new religion were almost entirely Buddhist.
It was very similar to Zoroastrianism but included elements of
Christianity and Judaism.
52. What was the impact of Aurangzeb’s
religious policies?
A. Aurangzeb’s religious policies gravely weakened the
internal alliances between Hindus and Muslims and
disrupted the social peace that Akbar had established.
B. Aurangzeb’s religious policies succeeded in removing
Buddhism from India.
C. The emperor succeeded in reestablishing the political
and social dominance of the Hindu majority in India.
D. Aurangzeb’s introduction of Christianity to India began
the process by which millions of Indians were converted
to the new religion.
E. More freedom for all religious groups with the
exception of Christians
52. What was the impact of Aurangzeb’s
religious policies?
A. Aurangzeb’s religious policies gravely weakened the
internal alliances between Hindus and Muslims and
disrupted the social peace that Akbar had established.
B. Aurangzeb’s religious policies succeeded in removing
Buddhism from India.
C. The emperor succeeded in reestablishing the political
and social dominance of the Hindu majority in India.
D. Aurangzeb’s introduction of Christianity to India began
the process by which millions of Indians were converted
to the new religion.
E. More freedom for all religious groups with the
exception of Christians
53. The ultimate task of all the explorations
launched by the Europeans from the 14th
century onward was
A. finding a sea link between Europe and the wealthy
civilizations of Asia.
B. establishing European political dominion over all of
Asia.
C. perfecting European knowledge of navigation and
astronomy.
D. spreading knowledge of European civilization to Asia.
E. winning their long-standing competition with Islam.
53. The ultimate task of all the explorations
launched by the Europeans from the 14th
century onward was
A. finding a sea link between Europe and the wealthy
civilizations of Asia.
B. establishing European political dominion over all of
Asia.
C. perfecting European knowledge of navigation and
astronomy.
D. spreading knowledge of European civilization to Asia.
E. winning their long-standing competition with Islam.
54. Which of the following products was
associated with the Indian zone of the Asian
sea trading network?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Tapestry
Cotton textiles
Carpets
Paper
Spices
54. Which of the following products was
associated with the Indian zone of the Asian
sea trading network?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Tapestry
Cotton textiles
Carpets
Paper
Spices
55. What was the nature of the sea routes in
the Asian trading network?
A. Well-established routes directly crossing the major
oceans were maintained from ancient times.
B. Most of the navigation consisted of sailing along the
coastlines and avoiding open seas.
C. Only the Chinese and Arabs practiced navigation in the
Asian trading network.
D. The only sea-going routes crossed the Indian Ocean
from the Swahili ports of east Africa to India.
E. They were restricted to the South China Sea and the
Sea of Japan.
55. What was the nature of the sea routes in
the Asian trading network?
A. Well-established routes directly crossing the major
oceans were maintained from ancient times.
B. Most of the navigation consisted of sailing along the
coastlines and avoiding open seas.
C. Only the Chinese and Arabs practiced navigation in the
Asian trading network.
D. The only sea-going routes crossed the Indian Ocean
from the Swahili ports of east Africa to India.
E. They were restricted to the South China Sea and the
Sea of Japan.
56. What trade did the Portuguese intend to
monopolize within the Asian trading
network?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Slaves
Ivory
Spices
Cotton textiles
Lumber
56. What trade did the Portuguese intend to
monopolize within the Asian trading
network?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Slaves
Ivory
Spices
Cotton textiles
Lumber
57. In what sense was the Spanish conversion
of the Filipinos similar to their experience in
the Americas?
A. All Christian tenets were taught in the language of the
indigenous peoples.
B. Filipino conversion to Christianity was predicated on
political equality with the Spanish conquerors.
C. Like the Amerindians, the Filipinos’ brand of Christianity
represented a creative blend of earlier beliefs and
practices with Christianity.
D. Few Filipinos were converted to Christianity.
E. Filipinos were easily converted to Protestant faiths.
57. In what sense was the Spanish conversion
of the Filipinos similar to their experience in
the Americas?
A. All Christian tenets were taught in the language of the
indigenous peoples.
B. Filipino conversion to Christianity was predicated on
political equality with the Spanish conquerors.
C. Like the Amerindians, the Filipinos’ brand of Christianity
represented a creative blend of earlier beliefs and
practices with Christianity.
D. Few Filipinos were converted to Christianity.
E. Filipinos were easily converted to Protestant faiths.
58. Where were foreigners permitted to do
business in China during the Ming era?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
At any port
Only at the Ming capital at Beijing
At Macao and Canton
Nowhere
At Hong Kong
58. Where were foreigners permitted to do
business in China during the Ming era?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
At any port
Only at the Ming capital at Beijing
At Macao and Canton
Nowhere
At Hong Kong
59. What group successfully asserted its control
over China following the collapse of the Ming
dynasty?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The Mongols
The Hsiung-nu
The Uighurs
The Portuguese
The Jurchens or Manchus
59. What group successfully asserted its control
over China following the collapse of the Ming
dynasty?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The Mongols
The Hsiung-nu
The Uighurs
The Portuguese
The Jurchens or Manchus
60. Which of the following was NOT a policy
imposed as a result of Japanese isolation in
the 17th century?
A. Christianity was banned and Christians were
persecuted.
B. Foreign traders were confined to the island of Deshima
in Nagasaki Bay.
C. Neo-Confucian philosophy gave way to the influence of
thinkers who championed the school of “National
Learning.”
D. The Japanese elite abandoned all contact with Western
learning and technological advance.
E. Western books were banned.
60. Which of the following was NOT a policy
imposed as a result of Japanese isolation in
the 17th century?
A. Christianity was banned and Christians were
persecuted.
B. Foreign traders were confined to the island of Deshima
in Nagasaki Bay.
C. Neo-Confucian philosophy gave way to the influence of
thinkers who championed the school of “National
Learning.”
D. The Japanese elite abandoned all contact with Western
learning and technological advance.
E. Western books were banned.