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BELL RINGER – 8/25 NONE TODAY Take a few minutes and study for your QUIZ!!! Elements of Art Principles of Art QUIZ: ELEMENTS OF ART Circle the correct answer Turn it into the box once complete NO DEVICES Once your quiz is turned in you may get them out and work silently THE ELEMENTS OF MUSIC ELEMENTS OF MUSIC Tempo Rhythm Melody Harmony Dynamics Timbre Form We’ll do these later in the week BEAT A beat is the basic unit of time NOT an element of music, but the basic pulse Music can’t exist without it – every piece of music has a beat! Every beat has a downbeat and an upbeat Downbeat: the music on the beat Upbeat: the music in between the beats Goes with tapping your foot... When your foot hits – downbeat; when your foot is up - upbeat ELEMENT OF MUSIC: TEMPO Tempo is how fast or slow the beats go by In “BPM” – beats per minute 60 bpm (1 beat per second) 120 bpm (2 beats per second) Generally range from 60-240 bpm Usually marked in Italian most composers were Italian when tempo markings were first introduced TEMPO – COMMON MARKINGS Largo Very slow Adagio Slow Moderato Allegro Moderate speed / Medium Fast Presto Very fast There are 100s of possible tempo markings – “Briskly,” “at a walking speed,” etc. TEMPO – WHERE IS IT? The tempo marking is always at the START of the music, in the upper left. If the tempo changes mid piece, the new tempo will appear where it should start, in the upper left. The CONDUCTOR gives the tempo Conductor – how fast or slow they move their arms lets the musicians know how fast or slow to play TEMPO EXAMPLES Slow Tempo: New World Symphony – Mvt. 2 Dvorak http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ENf4VEhI40 Fast Tempo: Overture to Candide Bernstein http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=422-yb8TXj8 ELEMENT OF MUSIC: RHYTHM Rhythm is the pattern or placement of sounds in time Duration of pitches/notes – how long or short a note is played The organization of sound within the tempo You can have short rhythms at a slow tempo, or long rhythms at a fast tempo… (I’ll explain this in a second.) RHYTHM Whole Note = 4 beats Half Notes = 2 beats Quarter Note = 1 beat Eighth Note = ½ beat = 1 beat RHYTHM & TEMPO A half note at tempo = 60 will sound the same as a whole note at tempo =120. You can have long rhythms at a faster tempo... Or short rhythms at a slower tempo... Before you can determine the rhythms, you have to determine the tempo. Usually listening to the percussion or low voices (bass, tuba, etc.) will help you find the beat If you can see the conductor, they provide the beat RHYTHM EXAMPLE Most percussion instruments ONLY play rhythm (no pitch) – here are a few examples of rhythm by itself Blast Intermission Blast! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_XuqTipBWss Brooms Stomp http://youtu.be/tZ7aYQtIldg?t=2m15s TIME SIGNATURE Time signature is NOT an element of music, but assists with tempo and rhythm. The time signature is at the start of each instrument line The top number lets you know how many beats are in each measure You don’t need to worry about the bottom number – its more to do with how to play it PITCH Pitch is how high or low the instrument plays NOT an element of music, but the basic part of melody (which is) Instruments without pitch: percussive instruments such as the snare drum, bass drum (can be pitched), brake drum, tambourine, jingle bells, etc. These instruments do NOT produce melody – they are rhythmic ONLY HOW TO READ PITCH There are other clefs – but these are the two most common ones. Treble Clef: HIGHER pitches Bass Clef: LOWER pitches ELEMENT OF MUSIC: MELODY Melody is a succession of notes heard as some sort of unit The combination of pitch and rhythm The memorable tune What you sing in your head after you’ve heard a new piece; what you hum down the hallways WORDS TO DESCRIBE MELODY Smooth, connected Song-like Aggressive Accented Hard-hitting You can describe melody based on what it sounds like, or how it makes you feel. WHEN DESCRIBING MELODY Talk about WHICH INSTRUMENT is performing the melody “I hear the melody in the trumpets...” “The flute melody is very sincere...” MELODY EXAMPLES Nutcracker Suite – 3 “Sugar Plum Fairy” Tchaikovsky http://youtu.be/Ow4t3C_gCCY?t=15s The Ride of the Valkyrie Wagner http://youtu.be/VCmgUDSlAyA?t=35s ACTIVITY: PRACTICE THE ELEMENTS OF MUSIC TABLET: m.socrative.com Room: 38178 NO TABLET: piece of notebook paper Tempo, Rhythm, and Melody are three large concepts. Let’s throw in time signature too Let’s spend some time exploring them We need to be able to recognize them aurally and on paper TEMPO ON PAPER – WHAT IS THE TEMPO? 3. 2. A. B. C. D. Jupiter Allegro Vivace C Major F A. B. C. D. Adaigo Piano Symphonie No. 5 Antonio Dvorak TEMPO ON PAPER – WHAT IS THE TEMPO? 5. 4. A. B. C. D. Allegretto Primo Canzona Aus der Oper A. B. C. D. Preoccupation 3/4 Ernster Gang Largo TEMPO PRACTICE: LISTENING Listen to the example. Would you define it as “adagio,” “moderato,” or “presto?” 6. Mozart's Turkish March B. Moderato C. Presto 7. Beethoven’s Moonlight Sonata A. Adagio A. Adagio B. Moderato C. Presto 8. Bach's Jesu of Man's Desiring A. Adagio B. Moderato C. Presto TEMPO PRACTICE: LISTENING Listen to the example. Would you define it as “adagio,” “moderato,” or “presto?” 9. Back to the Future B. Moderato C. Presto B. Moderato C. Presto 10. Jurassic Park A. Adagio A. Adagio 11. The Dark Knight A. Adagio B. Moderato C. Presto RHYTHM PRACTICE – ON THE PAGE Look at the piece of to the right. 12. Which line has the fastest rhythms? (Remember that BLACK NOTES and STEMS = faster) A. Cantos B. Altos C. Tenor D. Bassos RHYTHM PRACTICE – ON THE PAGE Look at the piece of to the right. 13. Which 2 lines have the same rhythm? A. Fl. 1 & Cl. 1 B. Cl. 2 & Cl. 3 C. Bsn. 1 & Fl. 1 D. B. Cl & Cl. 2 RHYTHM PRACTICE - LISTENING Which voice is playing the more complex rhythms at the beginning? 14. Liszt’s Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 B. Percussion C. Brass 15. Wood’s Mannin Veen A. Strings A. Strings B. Trumpets C. Clarinets 16. Holst’s Second Suite A. Flute B. Trumpets C. Saxophones MELODY – LISTENING Listen to the example. Which instrument is playing the melody? 17. Armstrong’s Savoy Blues B. Trumpet C. Piano 18. Whitacre’s October A. Banjo A. Oboe B. Xylophone C. Tuba 19. William’s Raider’s March A. Trumpet B. Flute C. Violin MELODY – LISTENING Listen to the example. Which instrument is playing the melody? 20. Grieg’s Morning from Peer Gynt B. Trombone C. Flute 21. Goodman’s Sing Sing Sing A. Saxophone A. Percussion B. Piano C. Saxophone 22. Newman’s Friend In Me A. Piano B. Tuba C. Voice