Download Early Greece Guided Notes

NAME________________________________
Bronze Age Civilizations of Greece (3300 BC to 1200
BC)
1) Early Greece and its CityStates:
IMPACT OF GEOGRAPHY:
• Greece is a small
_______________ surrounded by
many islands.
• Greece is ____%
mountainous, which
_______________ Greeks from
each other causing them to
develop their own ways of life
and become fiercely
independent.
• Early Greek mythology
revolved around the gods who lived at Mt. _________________.
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2) MINOANS:
Enormous palace complex on Crete at__________; Sir
Arthur Evans discovered ancient ruins on the island of
________in 1878.
A center of trade (fine crafted pottery and jewelry).
On the island of Crete the palace of Knossos, there is a
palace with __________ depicting: __________,
____________, __________, Bull jumping, and
________________.
3) MINOAN LANGUAGE:
Linear A was the language the Minoans used; however,
scholars cannot _____________it.
This is the reason why the Minoan Civilization still
remains to be a great mystery to historians and
archeologists.
Michael _____________deciphered _______________, and
it is the earliest form of Greek.
Linear B is associated with the Mycenaean Civilization
4) A Mysterious Disappearance:
After 1628 BC, much of the Minoan Civilization is reduced
to ruins.
On the island of Thera/Santorini, a ______________
erupted causing worldwide upheaval. According to
scientists, the volcano ranked at a VEI-6 or 7.
• The destruction at Akrotiri may be the
origins of ______________.
• There also may be a connection to the
Biblical Exodus in Egypt.
The civilization lingered until about 1400-1250 BC, until
the ___________________ conquered what was left of the
Minoan civilization.
5) MYCENEA
(Write in quick facts)
•
First Greek State
6) Mycenaeans Civilization
“Historians consider the Mycenaeans the first Greeks,
because they spoke a form of the Greek language.”
While the Mycenaeans copied many aspects of the Minoans
they were sharply different.
They were more war-like
• Trojan War in Homer’s Iliad (Trojan Horse)
Powerful Kings dominated city-states
Built monuments like the Lion’s Gate
7) Downfall to Dark Ages
Many theories exist on why the Mycenaeans failed, but
some include:
Drought and Famine
Invasion by the “_______________”
Collapse of Trade
The Greek Dark Ages (1200 – 800 BC)
Decrease in _______________
Towns and cities were abandoned
Writing and Trade ceased
8)
GREEKS IN THE DARK AGE
 After the collapse of the Minoans, then Mycenaeans, _____
production in Greece dropped and population _______.
There are few records of this time, known as
the__________(1100-750 BC).
Iron replaced bronze, improving weaponry and farming.
 Greeks adopted ____________alphabet, making all words
with a combination of 24 letters. This made learning to
read and write simpler.
9) Epic Poet - Homer:
• ____________is long poem, usually centered upon a hero.
• ______________ - Story of the Myceneans led
by_________________, king of Mycenae, attacking the city of
Troy (“Trojan war”). Paris, prince of Troy kidnaps________,
wife of king of Sparta (Agamemnon’s brother). Greeks attack
Troy. Story of Greek hero __________ & the Trojan Horse.
The “_______________” - 10 year journey home by Greek hero
Odysseus.
10) POLIS: THE CENTER OF GREEK LIFE
 By 750 BC the city-state (polis) became the focus of Greek
life. City-states varied in size (from a few hundred to
several thousand).
o Greek society was divided into three classes in each
polis:
 citizens with ______________ rights (adult
males)
 citizens without political rights
(__________and children)
 non-citizens (____________and foreigners.)
11) Greek Polis
Around 800 BC, Greece stabilized!
_____________ - City State
• Each polis was unique, and developed
separately.
______________- a walled “high area” containing
fortifications and temples and located in the center
of a polis
___________- an open area that served as a meeting
place & market in early Greek city-states
• Agoraphobia- fear of open spaces.
The two major city-states were __________and
_____________.
12) SPARTA
 The most powerful city-state was Sparta, which needed
more ___________.
 To get land, they
_____________ nearby
areas.
 The conquered people
(_________) were forced
to work for the
Spartans.
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Sparta was an _____________: rule by the few!
o Sparta was ruled by ____ _____
o Helots outnumbered Spartans _____! This was the
main reason for the strict war-like society…
To maintain power over the helots, Sparta created a
_____________state.
Boys began military training at age __________.
From ages 20 to ____, all Spartan males served in the army.
The Spartan government was an _____________, led by
two kings who led the Spartan army.
An elite citizens’ assembly voted on political issues
introduced by the kings, but __________in the assembly
was not allowed.
Women’s education was as brutal as men’s, including
harsh physical training.
Spartan women were expected to ________their husbands’
property and _________it against invaders.
Spartan women were expected to produce strong and
healthy children.
Babies who displayed any sign of weakness
were_______________.
13) ATHENS
 In the 7th century BC, Athens was an oligarchy of
________________.
 Many Athenian farmers were sold into ___________for
nonpayment of their debts to aristocrats.
 To avoid civil war in 594 BC, aristocrats gave power to
_____________, a reformer who cancelled debts and freed
farmers in default to help unite farmers and aristocrats.
 In 512 BC, Cleisthenes gained control and created a
________________to supervise foreign affairs, oversee the
treasury, and propose laws.
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The council was chosen at random from all male citizens
and had final authority to pass laws after free
and___________________.
This laid the foundation for__________________________.
“Demos" means people and "kratia" means power.
14) Athens was the__________________.
Democracy: type of government where people vote.
Athens was a _____________________where people vote on
everything. However, only citizens could vote
***The USA has a Representative Democracy; or what is called a
Republic.