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Becoming a World Power,
1880–1917
Expansionism shapes
U.S. foreign policy
and leads to the
acquisition of new
territories.
Detail of Theodore Roosevelt leading his
Rough Riders at the storming of San
Juan Hill, Cuba, on July 1, 1898.
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Becoming a World Power,
1880–1917
SECTION 1
The United States Continues to Expand
SECTION 2
The Spanish-American War
SECTION 3
U.S. Involvement Overseas
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Section 1
The United States
Continues to Expand
The United States expands its interest in
world affairs and acquires new territories.
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SECTION
1
The United States
Continues to Expand
Reasons for U.S. Expansion
• Imperialism—stronger nations extend control over
weaker nations
• European nations have been establishing colonies
for centuries
• 3 factors help fuel development of American
imperialism:
- economic interests
- military interests
- belief in cultural superiority
Chart
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SECTION
1
Seward and Alaska
• Secretary of State William Seward arranges
purchase of Alaska (1867)
• Purchase is widely criticized, turns out to be great
bargain for U.S.
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SECTION
1
The Annexation of Hawaii
• By late 1800s, wealthy planters dominate Hawaii’s
economy
• Hawaiian leader Queen Liliuokalani wants to limit
planters’ power
• Planters, U.S. Marines overthrow queen, set up
own government
• Hawaii becomes U.S. state in 1898
Chart
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Section 2
The Spanish-American
War
Independence movements in Spanish
colonies lead to the Spanish-American
War in 1898.
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SECTION
2
The Spanish-American War
Rebellion Against Spain
• By 1890s, Spain has few colonies, Philippines,
Cuba, Puerto Rico
• In 1895, Cubans revolt, Spain uses harsh methods
to suppress revolt
• Methods anger Americans, rebellion disrupts U.S.
trade with Cuba
• U.S. newspapers describe, sometimes exaggerate,
Spanish cruelty
• Newspapers use sensational style of writing called
yellow journalism
Image
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SECTION
2
The United States Goes to War
• President McKinley demands Spain stop harsh
treatment of Cubans
• Sends U.S.S. Maine to Cuba to protect U.S.
citizens there
• Maine explodes, killing 260 sailors, Spain blamed
• “Remember the Maine!” becomes a call to arms
• McKinley demands Cuba’s independence,
withdrawal of Spain’s troops
• Spain refuses, Spanish-American War begins
Image
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SECTION
2
The War in the Philippines
• Filipinos revolt against Spanish rule (1890s)
• U.S. Commodore George Dewey in contact with
rebel leader
• Spanish-American War begins, Dewey, fleet head
to Manila, Philippines
• U.S. fleet destroys Spanish fleet at battle in Manila
Bay (1898)
• U.S. troops, Filipino rebels take control of Manila
in August
Map
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SECTION
2
The War in the Caribbean
• Theodore Roosevelt sets up 1st U.S. Volunteer
Cavalry—Rough Riders
• Rough Riders, other soldiers capture San Juan Hill,
near Santiago
• American ships destroy Spanish fleet in
Santiago Harbor
• Santiago surrenders, U.S. forces take Puerto Rico,
Spain signs truce
Map
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SECTION
2
Results of the War
• Spain gives up colonies, signs peace treaty (1898)
• Philippines becomes U.S. colony, Filipino revolt
against U.S. subdued
• Cuba adds Platt Amendment to its constitution:
- U.S. intervenes in Cuban affairs if life, property,
liberty threatened
- allows U.S. naval base at Guantánamo Bay
• Puerto Rico becomes U.S. territory
• Grants U.S. citizenship to all Puerto Ricans
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SECTION
2
The Anti-Imperialist League
• Many people object to U.S. treatment of Spain’s
former colonies
• Anti-Imperialist League members believe:
- U.S. should not deny other people
self-government
• League’s opinions lost in approval for SpanishAmerican War
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Section 3
U.S. Involvement
Overseas
In the early 1900s, the United States expands
its involvement in Asia and Latin
America.
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SECTION
3
U.S. Involvement Overseas
A Power in the Pacific
• U.S. acquires Hawaii, Guam, Philippines in
the Pacific
• Many Americans want profits from Asian
markets, resources
• Others want U.S. to extend its democracy, culture
to Asia
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SECTION
3
The United States in China
• Japan, European powers expand their spheres of
influence in China
• Spheres of influence—areas where foreign
powers claim special rights
• Most foreign powers in China accept U.S. Open
Door Policy (1899):
- no single country should have monopoly on trade
with China
• Many Chinese angry with presence of foreigners
• Boxer Rebellion—uprising against foreigners,
eventually subdued (1900)
Map
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SECTION
3
The Panama Canal
• U.S. leaders want canal to connect Atlantic,
Pacific Oceans
• Columbia refuses to give U.S. best spot for canal,
Isthmus of Panama
• U.S. supports revolt on isthmus, new nation
Panama created (1903)
• Panama gives U.S. strip of land—Canal Zone, U.S.
pays Panama
• U.S. builds Panama Canal—shortcut connects
Atlantic, Pacific
• In 1921, U.S. pays Columbia for loss of Panama
Map
Map
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SECTION
3
Building the Canal
• Building the canal is difficult, land swampy, malaria
common
• More than 45,000 workers labor for years on canal,
finished in 1914
• Canal cost $352 million, more than 5,000 workers
die building it
Chart
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SECTION
3
U.S. Involvement in Latin America
• U.S. buys food, raw materials cheap in
Latin America:
- bananas, coffee, copper
• Ship goods to U.S., sell for higher price
• U.S. buys large amounts of land in Latin American
for farming, mining
• Wants political stability, no European intervention
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SECTION
3
Policing the Hemisphere
• President Roosevelt’s foreign policy, “Speak softly,
but carry a big stick”
• Adds the Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe
Doctrine (1904):
- allows U.S. leaders to intervene in Latin
American affairs if needed
• Authorizes U.S. to act as “policeman” in the region
• President Taft urges U.S. investment in Latin
America
• Sends troops to Nicaragua to protect investments
Interactive
Continued . . .
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SECTION
3
continued
Policing the Hemisphere
• President Wilson intervenes in Mexican revolution
• Sends troops to capture Mexican revolutionary
Pancho Villa
• Americans see U.S. as a good police officer in
Latin America
• Latin Americans see U.S. as imperial power
Image
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