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What’s wrong with Evolution. 1. Extrapolation in the Extreme. 2. Evidence is Embellished. 3. Explanations are Egregious. 4. Evangelism gets Eviscerated. 5. Extraordinary Evil Encouraged. What’s wrong with Evolution. 1. Extrapolation in the Extreme. 2. Evidence is Embellished. 3. Explanations are Egregious. 4. Evangelism gets Eviscerated. 5. Extraordinary Evil Encouraged. What’s wrong with Evolution. 1. Extrapolation in the Extreme. 2. Evidence is Embellished. 3. Explanations are Egregious. 4. Evangelism gets Eviscerated. 5. Extraordinary Evil Encouraged. What’s wrong with Evolution. 1. Extrapolation in the Extreme. (a) Cosmic Evolution (b) Chemical Evolution (c) Biological Evolution “Extrapolate”: — To project beyond the range of known values on the basis of values already determined; to infer a possibility beyond the strict evidence of a series of facts, events, observations, etc. “Unfortunately, there is no science of extrapolation. It is, at best, an art, and a highly fallible art at that.” — Robert Root-Bernstein, Discover, Nov. 1993, p. 44 What’s wrong with Evolution. 1. Extrapolation in the Extreme. (a) Cosmic Evolution “Big Bang” If we allow that the universe seems to be expanding . . . then the evolutionary cosmologist will grab that idea, throw it into reverse, and shrink the whole cosmos backward in time — to yield an infinitely hot, dense point much smaller than a proton! “10–26 m, one hundred billion times smaller than a proton” — Alan H. Guth and David I. Kaiser. 2005 (Feb. 11). “Inflationary Cosmology: Exploring the Universe from the Smallest to the Largest Scales.” Science 307:885. What’s wrong with Evolution. 1. Extrapolation in the Extreme. (b) Chemical Evolution “Origin of Life” If we agree that chemical reactions involving simple gases can produce amino acids in the lab . . . then the evolutionary origin-of-life researcher will see no problem in principle with creating life in the test tube! “[Stanley Miller’s] discovery gave a huge boost to the scientific investigation of the origin of life. Indeed, for some time it seemed like creation of life in a test tube was within reach of experimental science. Unfortunately, such experiments have not progressed much further than their original prototype, leaving us with a sour aftertaste from the primordial soup.” — Massimo Pigliucci. 1999 (Sep.-Oct.). “Where Do We Come From? A Humbling Look at the Biology of Life’s Origin.” Skeptical Inquirer 23(5):24. What’s wrong with Evolution. 1. Extrapolation in the Extreme. (c) Biological Evolution Microevolution → Macroevolution If we grant that the current generation of organisms does vary from the previous one . . . then the evolutionary biologist will amplify this admission into a process that, given billions of years, turns prokaryotes into people! “. . . I was not prepared to find creationists . . . actually accepting the [peppered] moths as examples of smallscale evolution by natural selection! . . . That, to my mind, is tantamount to conceding the entire issue, for . . . there is utter continuity in evolutionary processes from the smallest scales (microevolution) up through the largest scales (macroevolution).” — Niles Eldredge. 2000. The Triumph of Evolution and the Failure of Creationism. New York: W. H. Freeman and Co. p. 119. “A long-standing issue in evolutionary biology is whether the processes observable in extant populations and species (microevolution) are sufficient to account for the larger-scale changes evident over longer periods of life’s history (macroevolution). Outsiders to this rich literature may be surprised that there is no consensus on this issue, and that strong viewpoints are held at both ends of the spectrum, with many undecided.” — Sean B. Carroll. 2001 (Feb. 8). “The big picture.” Nature 409:669. “One scale doesn’t translate into another.” — Stephen Jay Gould. 1998 (Jan.). “The Paradox of the Visibly Irrelevant.” Natural History 106(11):64. What’s wrong with Evolution. 1. Extrapolation in the Extreme. 2. Evidence is Embellished. What’s wrong with Evolution. 2. Evidence is Embellished. Classic Example: Ernst Häckel’s Diagrams of Vertebrate Embryos “Generations of biology students may have been misled by a famous set of drawings published 123 years ago by the German biologist Ernst Haeckel. They show vertebrate embryos of different animals passing through the identical stages of development. But the impression they give, that the embryos are exactly alike, is wrong, says Michael Richardson, an embryologist at St. George’s Medical School in London. He hopes once and for all to discredit Haeckel’s work, first found to be flawed more than a century ago.” “Richardson had long held doubts about Haeckel’s drawings because they didn’t square with his understanding of the rates at which fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals develop their distinct features. So he and his colleagues did their own comparative study, reexamining and photographing embryos roughly matched by species and age with those Haeckel drew. Lo and behold, the embryos ‘often looked surprisingly different,’ Richardson reports in the August issue of Anatomy and Embryology.” “Not only did Haeckel add or omit features, Richardson and his colleagues report, but he also fudged the scale to exaggerate similarities among species, even when there were 10-fold differences in size. Haeckel further blurred differences by neglecting to name the species in most cases, as if one representative was accurate for an entire group of animals. In reality, Richardson and his colleagues note, even closely related embryos such as those of fish vary quite a bit in their appearance and developmental pathway. ‘It looks like it’s turning out to be one of the most famous fakes in biology,’ Richardson concludes.” “This news might not have been so shocking to Haeckel’s peers in Germany a century ago: They got Haeckel to admit that he relied on memory and used artistic license in preparing his drawings, says Scott Gilbert, a developmental biologist at Swarthmore College in Pennsylvania. But Haeckel’s confession got lost after his drawings were subsequently used in a 1901 book called Darwin and After Darwin and reproduced widely in English-language biology texts.” — Elizabeth Pennisi. 1997 (Sept. 5). “Haeckel’s Embryos: Fraud Rediscovered.” Science 277:1435. Ernst Haeckel’s Influence (according to Stephen Jay Gould) “Haeckel’s forceful, eminently comprehensible, if not always accurate, books appeared in all major languages and surely exerted more influence than the works of any other scientist, including Darwin and Huxley (by Huxley’s own frank admission), in convincing people throughout the world about the validity of evolution.” “. . . we do, I think, have the right to be both astonished and ashamed by the century of mindless recycling that has led to the persistence of these drawings in a large number, if not a majority, of modern textbooks!” — Stephen Jay Gould. 2000 (Mar.). “Abscheulich! (Atrocious!)” Natural History 109(2):42,45. Ernst Haeckel’s Influence (Michael Behe’s personal story) [After citing Elizabeth Pennisi’s article, Behe says:] “. . . the misleading drawings were used in biology texts for a hundred years because they were thought to support Darwinian evolution. In seventh grade in parochial school my wife’s science class was shown Haeckel’s drawings by their teacher, a Holy Cross brother. ‘Evolution is true,’ the good Brother told them with a flourish, ‘get used to it.’ He certainly thought he was giving his students the straight facts, and he wanted them to form their views in weighty matters based on those facts. But, unknown to him, the facts were fraudulent.” — Michael Behe. In William A. Dembski (ed.). 2004. Uncommon dissent: intellectuals who find Darwinism unconvincing. Wilmington, Delaware: ISI Books. p. 147. Charles Darwin’s Favourite Evidence “Hardly any point gave me so much satisfaction when I was at work on the Origin, as the explanation of the wide difference in many classes between the embryo and the adult animal, and of the close resemblance of the embryos within the same class. . . . Within late years several reviewers have given the whole credit to Fritz Müller and [Ernst] Häckel, who undoubtedly have worked it out much more fully, and in some respects more correctly than I did.” — Francis Darwin (ed.). The Autobiography of Charles Darwin and Selected Letters. 1958. (original: 1892). New York: Dover Publications. p. 46. What’s wrong with Evolution. 1. Extrapolation in the Extreme. 2. Evidence is Embellished. 3. Explanations are Egregious. What’s wrong with Evolution. 3. Explanations are Egregious. • The mechanisms evolutionists propose are anti-scientific. • Evolutionists propose to build complexity by using either miracles or negative (randomizing, destructive) processes. Cosmic Evolution • The “Big Bang” was an explosion! (a negative, destructive event) • Where did the “Big Bang” come from? (“singularity”) Cosmic Evolution • The “Big Bang” was an explosion! (a negative, destructive event) • Where did the “Big Bang” come from? (“singularity”) = miracle! Chemical Evolution • The first self-reproducing cell had to arise from accidental motions of atoms plus raw energy from the Sun (or from volcanoes, or lightning). • Nobel laureate Francis Crick once wrote: “An honest man, armed with all the knowledge available to us now, could only state that in some sense, the origin of life appears at the moment to be almost a miracle, so many are the conditions which would have had to have been satisfied to get it going.” — Francis Crick. 1981. Life Itself. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 88. Biological Evolution • The wonderful diversity of living things that we find in Earth’s biosphere arose through: • mutations (unplanned changes in DNA — actually a degrading of the cell’s information) • natural selection (the early deaths of lots of organisms, the weeding out of the “unfit” before they can reproduce) What’s wrong with Evolution. 1. Extrapolation in the Extreme. 2. Evidence is Embellished. 3. Explanations are Egregious. 4. Evangelism gets Eviscerated. What’s wrong with Evolution. 4. Evangelism gets Eviscerated. Evolutionists/atheists recognize very clearly that evolution undermines the gospel (and the Bible in general). “Evolution is the greatest engine of atheism.” — Will Provine, noted atheist and evolutionary biologist, Cornell University. Cited in Larry Witham. 2002. Where Darwin Meets the Bible. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. p. 23. “Christianity has fought, still fights, and will fight science to the desperate end over evolution, because evolution destroys utterly and finally the very reason Jesus’ earthly life was supposedly made necessary. Destroy Adam and Eve and the original sin, and in the rubble you will find the sorry remains of the son of god. . . . If Jesus was not the redeemer who died for our sins, and this is what evolution means, then Christianity is nothing!” — G. Richard Bozarth. 1978 (Feb.) “The Meaning of Evolution.” American Atheist. pp. 19, 30. “Oh but of course the story of Adam and Eve was only ever symbolic, wasn’t it? Symbolic?! Jesus had himself tortured and executed for a symbolic sin by a non-existent individual. Nobody not brought up in the faith could reach any verdict other than barking mad!” — Richard Dawkins, Oxford zoologist, the world’s leading atheist and evolutionist. The root of all evil. Part 2: The virus of faith. 2006 broadcast. 00:30:25. What’s wrong with Evolution. 1. Extrapolation in the Extreme. 2. Evidence is Embellished. 3. Explanations are Egregious. 4. Evangelism gets Eviscerated. 5. Extraordinary Evil Encouraged. What’s wrong with Evolution. 5. Extraordinary Evil Encouraged. Evolution robs God of his glory, and diminishes human significance. Evolution Robs God of his Glory “What kind of God can one infer from the sort of phenomena epitomized by the species on Darwin’s Galápagos Islands? The evolutionary process is rife with happenstance, contingency, incredible waste, death, pain and horror. . . . Whatever the God implied by evolutionary theory and the data of natural history may be like, He is not the Protestant God of waste not, want not. He is also not a loving God who cares about His productions. . . . The God of the Galápagos is careless, wasteful, indifferent, almost diabolical. He is certainly not the sort of God to whom would be inclined to pray.” anyone — David L. Hull. 1991. “The God of the Galápagos.” Nature 352:485f. Evolution Diminishes Human Significance “Those skeptical about the role Darwinism played in the of advocacy for involuntary euthanasia, infanticide, abortion should consider several points. rise and First, before the rise of Darwinism, there was no debate on these issues, as there was almost universal agreement in Europe that human life is sacred and that all innocent human lives should be protected. Second, the earliest advocates of involuntary euthanasia, infanticide, and abortion in Germany were devoted to a Darwinian worldview. Third, Haeckel, the most famous Third, Haeckel, the most famous Darwinist in Germany, promoted these ideas in some of his bestselling books, so these ideas reached a wide audience, especially among those receptive to Darwinism. Finally, Haeckel and other Finally, Haeckel and other Darwinists and eugenicists grounded their views on death and killing on their naturalistic interpretation of Darwinism.” — Richard Weikart, historian, California State University, Stanislaus. 2004. From Darwin to Hitler: Evolutionary Ethics, Eugenics, and Racism in Germany. New York: Palgrave Macmillan pp. 160f. Ernst Haeckel’s Influence on German Society (according to Michael Richardson’ coauthor James Hanken) “To some a genius, to others a bigoted zealot and fraudulent scientist, Haeckel was arguably, next to Darwin, the dominant intellectual figure of his time. . . . He treated evolutionary biology almost as a religion and believed that just as one could apply the concept of natural selection to animals and plants, one could also determine which groups of humans were superior. Offering intellectual justification and ‘scientific’ support for racism, anti-Semitism, and eugenics, his ideas were later a major ideological influence on the National Socialist German Workers’ Party, better known as the the Nazis Nazis .” — James Hanken. 1998 (Dec. 1998/Jan. 1999). “Beauty Beyond Belief.” Natural History 107(10):56. “Infidelity — It May Be in Our Genes” “By studying how the process of natural selection shaped the mind, evolutionary psychologists are painting a new portrait of human nature, with fresh detail about the feelings and thoughts that draw us into marriage—or push us out. . . . How can evolutionary psychologists be so sure? In part, their faith on the whole data base of evolutionary biology. . . . rests The danger is that people will . . . react to the new knowledge by surrendering to ‘natural’ impulses, as if what’s ‘in our genes’ were beyond reach of self-control. They may even conveniently assume that what is ‘natural’ is good. . . . George Williams, whose 1966 book Adaptation and Natural Selection helped dispel the once popular idea that evolution often works for ‘the good of the group,’ has even taken to calling natural selection ‘evil’ and ‘the enemy.‘ The moral life, in his view, consists largely of battling human nature. . . .” — Robert Wright. “Our Cheating Hearts — Devotion and betrayal, marriage and divorce: evolution shaped human love.” Time, Aug. 15, 1994, pp. 28-36. how Review: What’s wrong with Evolution. 1. Extrapolation in the Extreme. 2. Evidence is Embellished. 3. Explanations are Egregious. 4. Evangelism gets Eviscerated. 5. Extraordinary Evil Encouraged. What’s wrong with Evolution. 1. Extrapolation in the Extreme. 2. Evidence is Embellished. 3. Explanations are Egregious. 4. Evangelism gets Eviscerated. 5. Extraordinary Evil Encouraged. What’s wrong with Evolution. 1. Extrapolation in the Extreme. 2. Evidence is Embellished. 3. Explanations are Egregious. 4. Evangelism gets Eviscerated. 5. Extraordinary Evil Encouraged. What’s wrong with Evolution. 1. Extrapolation in the Extreme. 2. Evidence is Embellished. 3. Explanations are Egregious. 4. Evangelism gets Eviscerated. 5. Extraordinary Evil Encouraged. What’s wrong with Evolution. 1. Extrapolation in the Extreme. 2. Evidence is Embellished. 3. Explanations are Egregious. 4. Evangelism gets Eviscerated. 5. Extraordinary Evil Encouraged. What’s wrong with Evolution. 1. Extrapolation in the Extreme. 2. Evidence is Embellished. 3. Explanations are Egregious. 4. Evangelism gets Eviscerated. 5. Extraordinary Evil Encouraged.