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Digestive System Function • Break down food into particles the body can use • Particles are absorbed into blood and carried throughout body • Wastes are removed from the body Organs Involved 1. Mouth 2. Esophagus 3. Stomach 4. Pancreas 5. Liver 6. Gallbladder 7. Small Intestine 8. Large Intestine 9. Rectum • Digestion-process where body breaks down food • 2 Kinds: 1) Mechanical-physically broken down 2) Chemical-chemicals break food down –Enzymes-proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body »Pepsin-breaks down protein »Amylase-breaks down starch • Absorption-nutrients pass though wall of digestive system into blood. The circulatory system will then carry the nutrients to the cells of the body. • Saliva-fluid released by mouth; contains enzymes The Mouth • Mechanical digestion starts with teeth • Saliva mixes with food moistening • Chemical digestion also starts breaking down starch into sugar • Salivary Glands-produce Saliva Esophagus • Muscular tube that connects mouth to stomach, lined with mucus • 2 openings at back of mouth-one to trachea, one for esophagus • Epiglottis-flap covering trachea • Peristalsis-involuntary waves of muscle contractions to push food along Stomach • J-shaped Pouch • Mechanical digestion occurs here when strong muscles squeeze food. MOST mechanical digestion occurs here. • Chemical digestion occurs at same time-acids and other chemicals break down food Stomach cont… • Contains hydrochloric acid-a very strong acid which would burn through clothing but without this acid, your stomach would not work properly. • Has a mucus lining-coats and protects your stomach • Your stomach produces a new lining every 2 days. Stomach cont… • Heartburn is when some of the stomach acid starts to move back up the esophagus causing a burning sensation in chest. • Stomach ulcer-when a person produces too much stomach acid and it burns a hole in the stomach lining. Small Intestine • Most chemical digestion occurs and absorption of nutrients takes place • Covered with villi-tiny finger shaped structures with capillaries inside • Capillaries inside villi pick up nutrients so blood can carry to rest of body Cross Section of Small Intestine Liver, Gallbladder and Pancreas (Food does not pass through these organs) • Liver-largest and heaviest internal organ inside the body –Produces bile-substance that breaks down fat • Gallbladder-stores bile • Pancreas-produces chemicals that break down starches, proteins and fats Large Intestine • Removes water from undigested material • Contains helpful bacteria that produce vitamins Large Intestine Cont… Rectum • Waste is compressed into a solid form • “Holding tank” for wastes until they can be removed • Removed from the body through the anus-a muscular opening at the end of the rectum