Download Ancient Studies History -- Unit 3 -

Ancient Studies History -- Unit 3 -- Study Guide
Persian Wars & Golden Age
Student Name: _________________________
Unit 3 – THE PERSIAN WARS & THE ATHENIAN GOLDEN AGE
Due Date
Reading
Topic
M
10/5
WW 12-23
Herodotus – Xerxes Invades
T
10/6
ASG 11-14
ASG 31-35
Harrison: Golden Age
Harrison: Biography of Themistocles
W*
10/7
ASG 54-58
ASG 75-77
Hughes: Sparta
Hughes: Athens
F
10/9
ASG 14-18
ASG 36-42
Harrison: Golden Age
Harrison: Pericles & Aspasia
-- Family Weekend -T
10/13
NO HW
W*
10/14
WW 24-30
Plutarch: Pericles the Politician
S
10/17
ASG 81-83
ASG 84-86
Pfingsten: Delian League
Pfingsten: Peloponnesian War
M
10/19
WW 31-38
Thucydides: Pericles’ Funeral Oration
T
10/20
ASG 62-64
ASG 19-22
Hughes: Sparta
Harrison: Empire of Mind
W*
10/21
HISTORY PAPER #3 DUE
Paper Options
1) Compare & Contrast the contributions of Athens & Sparta to Greek victory in the Persian
Wars – focus in particular on Leonidas and Themistocles
2) Causes of the Peloponnesian War – How did Athens go from protecting Greek liberty to the
establishment of an empire?
Ancient Studies History -- Unit 3 -- Study Guide
Persian Wars & Golden Age
Due: Monday 10/5
WW 12-23
WW 12-23
Herodotus - Xerxes is Persuaded to Invade Greece
The determination of the Persian king Darius to invade Greece again, and the emergence of Xerxes as his
successor. The debate over whether to punish Greece when Xerxes took the throne. The initial arguments
Mardonius made in support of an invasion of Greece. Xerxes’ declaration that he will fight Greece. The
secondary arguments Mardonius made in support of the invasion. The counter-arguments of Artabanus,
warning that God humbles the proud. Xerxes’ reaction to Artabanus’ speech, and his reconsideration after
a dream. Artabanus’ interpretation of Xerxes’ dream. Xerxes’ ultimate decision to fight with a vast army.
For what two reasons did King Darius want to make war on Greece? (12)
For what two reasons did Mardonius urge King Xerxes to make war on Greece? But what does Herodotus
identify as Mardonius’s real “motive”? (14)
When Xerxes calls his council of advisors, how much of Europe does he say he wants to conquer? (15)
What “absurd notions of warfare” does Mardonius say that the Greeks possess? What does he think they
should do instead to resolve their differences? (16)
According to Artabnus, how could a Persian invasion of Greece go wrong? At what point would the
Persians vulnerable to defeat? (17)
What important advice about God’s will does Artabanus give to Xerxes? (And how is this advice similar to
the advice that Solon gave to Croesus about happiness?) (18)
What wager does Artabanus propose with Mardonius? And what prophecy does he then make? (18)
What advice does Xerxes receive in his dreams about going to war? (19-20) And what advice does
Artabanus then receive in a dream when he sleeps in Xerxes’ bed? (21)
How large was the army that Xerxes ultimately led in invasion against Greece in 480 BCE? How does it
compare with other armies in the ancient world? (22-23)
Ancient Studies History -- Unit 3 -- Study Guide
Persian Wars & Golden Age
Due: Tuesday 10/6
ASG 11-14
ASG 11-14 & ASG 31-35
Harrison – “The Golden Age”
King Xerxes & his army
Two prophecies from Oracle at Delphi
Themistocles’ plan
Themistocles’ “traitorous” message
Athenian victory at Salamis
ASG 31-­‐35 Harrison -­‐ Biography of Themistocles Themistocles’ greatest asset
Fortification of the Piraeus
King Darius
Ionian Revolt
Envoys from Darius
Death toll at Marathon
Aristides
Hoplite class
Urban craftsmen
Ostracism
Silver at Laurion
Plan to divide the wealth equally
Themistocles’ plan to build a navy
“Wooden Walls” & Evacuation of Athens
Athenian victory at Salamis
Battle of Plataea
Themistocles’ cunning plan
Formation of the Delian League
Ostracism of Themistocles
Ancient Studies History -- Unit 3 -- Study Guide
Persian Wars & Golden Age
Due: Wednesday 10/7
ASG 54-58
ASG 54-58 & ASG 75-77
Hughes – “The Spartans”
Leonidas
Battle of Marathon
Size of Xerxes’ army
Choice offered by the Oracle
Battle of Thermopylae
‘Beautiful death’
Last Stand of the 300
Military insignificance of Thermopylae
Cultural significance of Thermopylae
Athenian experience of the Persian invasion
Changes in Athens during the war
Athenian triremes
Pericles’ building program – The Parthenon
Athenian Agora & Pnyx
Athenian fortifications
‘Trireme diplomacy’
Shift in the Greek balance of power
ASG 75-77
Hughes – “Athens”
Themistocles’ vision Themistocles’ powers of persuasion Political consequences of building the fleet Wooden walls Athenian battle tactics Athenian victory Western Democracy over Eastern Tyranny Ancient Studies History -- Unit 3 -- Study Guide
Persian Wars & Golden Age
Due: Friday 10/9
ASG 14-18
ASG 14-18 & ASG 36-42
Harrison – “The Golden Age”
Delian League & Athens’ economic power
Advantages from democracy
Pericles’ “new vision”
The Parthenon as Symbol of Athenian Empire
Pericles’ tragic flaw
ASG 36-­‐39 Harrison -­‐ Biography of Pericles Defining moment of Athenian democracy Payment for jury service Pericles’ citizenship law Pericles’ incorruptibility Pericles’ building program & The Parthenon Money from the Treasury at Delos Declaration of War against Sparta
Pericles’ “superior planning”
Pericles’ Funeral Oration
Pericles’ main problem
The plague
Pericles’ death as a “broken man”
Harrison - Biography of Aspasia (ASG 40-42)
Aspasia’s education Hetaira Pericles’ consultation of Aspasia Pericles the Younger as General
Execution of the Generals
Ancient Studies History -- Unit 3 -- Study Guide
Persian Wars & Golden Age
Due: Wednesday 10/14
WW 24-30
WW 24-30
Plutarch - Pericles the Politician
An account of how Pericles acquired and maintained power in democratic Athens in the middle of the fifth
century. The rivalry between the “aristocratic” and “popular” parties, and Pericles’ decision to favor
“the people.” Pericles’ use of money from the allies (the Delian League) for projects in Athens. The
success of Pericles’ building program in beautifying the city and providing employment. The great
architects and artists who worked on the Parthenon and other projects. Pericles’ victory over his
aristocratic rivals. The change in Pericles’ leadership and the “secret” of his power.
What led Pericles to favor the interests of “the many” over “the few”? And what measures did he promote
that helped the Athenian people? (25)
What “one measure above all” gave “the greatest pleasure” to the Athenian people? (25)
How did Pericles’ political opponents describe his decision to transfer the treasury of the Delian League
from Delos to Athens? And how did Athens’ “allies” view this decision? (25)
What answer did Pericles give to his critics about using money from the Delian League? And do you agree
with Pericles or with his critics? (25-26)
How did Pericles’ program help healthy men of military age? And how did his program help the “unskilled
masses”? (26)
What does Plutarch think of the buildings that Pericles built? And what des he find “most wonderful”
about them? (26-27)
How did Pericles respond when his critics charged him with spending too much money? (28-29)
What did Pericles do once he succeeded in ending political opposition? And how did his own conduct
begin to change? (29)
How did Pericles respond to the “disorders” that arose among the Athenian people? And what, according
to the historian Thucydides was the “secret” of Pericles’ power? (29)
Due: Saturday 10/17
Ancient Studies History -- Unit 3 -- Study Guide
Persian Wars & Golden Age
ASG 81-86
ASG 81-83
Pfingsten - Pericles, the Delian League, and the Athenian Golden Age
Delian League Greek revolutions against Persia Political power – connection to military usefulness Tribute paid by League members to Athenian Empire Logic of Athenian imperialism Transfer of the Delian Treasury to Athens Enrichment of the Athenian state Period of radical democracy Rebellions within the Delian League Peloponnesian War Pericles and Democracy ASG 84-­‐86 Pfingsten -­‐ The Peloponnesian War and Thucydides Causes of the War Athens’ Maritime Empire & Spartan concerns about Athens Helot revolt in 465 & Spartan rejection of Athenian aid Peloponnesian War, 431 Inevitability of conflict Athens’ Long Walls Flaws in Pericles’ planning & Vacillations in Athenian strategy Alcibiades & Sicilian campaign Athenian blunders Battle of Arginusae, 406 & Execution of Athenian generals Surrender of Athens & The Thirty Tyrants Re-­‐establishment of democracy Summary of conflict Ancient Studies History -- Unit 3 -- Study Guide
Persian Wars & Golden Age
Due: Monday 10/19
WW 31-38
WW 31-38
Thucydides - Pericles’ Funeral Oration
Thucydides’ account of Pericles’ speech honoring the Athenian dead after the first year of the war against
Sparta and describing the ideals of Athenian democracy. Thucydides’ explanation of the Athenian custom
of funeral orations. Pericles’ goal to offer the proper amount of praise for the fallen and for the city. The
merits of Athenian democracy: equality before the law; ability to rise on the basis of talent; freedom of
political debate; respect for the laws; openness to foreign trade and ideas; reliance on natural courage and
loyalty; love of beauty without extravagance; concern for the general welfare; friendships based on doing
good to others. Athens as an education to Greece. The gallantry and courage of Athenian soldiers. The
importance of other Athenians to exhibit the same virtues. Happiness depends of freedom, and freedom
depends on courage. Encouragement to raise more citizens to pursue honor. Advice to women to be least
talked about by men, in either praise or criticism.
What does Pericles say about Athenian ancestors? And why do this generation’s fathers deserve praise?
(33)
In what ways does Athens serve as a ”model” for others? And what distinguishes the Athenian
constitution? (33)
To whom and to what do Athenians give obedience? (34)
How does Athens differ from Sparta in attitude about military security? (34)
How do Athenians feel about each of the following? (35)
Beauty
Life of the Mind
Wealth
Poverty
How do Athenians “make friends”? (35)
Why do Athenians “do kindnesses to others”? (35)
What must Athens’ enemies and subjects admit about her? (36)
What final remarks does Pericles add about the “duties” of Athenian women? (38)
Ancient Studies History -- Unit 3 -- Study Guide
Persian Wars & Golden Age
Due: Tuesday 10/20
ASG 62-64
ASG 62-64 & ASG 19-22
Hughes – “The Spartans”
Earthquake in 465 & Helot revolt
Rejection of help from Athens
‘Simple truth’ about causes of the war
Declaration of war in 431
Pericles’ Funeral Oration
Peloponnesian War
The plague
Thucydides
Pylos & Sphacteria
Surrender of Spartan troops
Myth of Spartan invincibility
Spartan hostages
ASG 19-22
Harrison – “Empire of the Mind”
Pericles’ great gamble
Athens’ status in 431 BC
Pericles’ bold, new plan
Spartan infantry vs. Athenian navy
Socrates
Revolution in Thought
Gods vs. Reason
Questioning assumptions
Unexamined life is not worth living
Symptoms of the plague
Death of Pericles