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Myers PSYCHOLOGY Hearing (Do you hear what I hear?) Hearing Audition - the sense of hearing Measured in decibels Absolute threshold - zero The Intensity of Some Common Sounds Audition Amplitude (strength) determines loudness Frequency the number of wavelengths determines Pitch - a tone’s highness or lowness Ear is divided into 3 parts Outer Middle Inner See diagram Audition- The Ear 1. Outer Ear - visible part & canal 2. Middle Ear - chamber between eardrum and cochlea HAS three tiny bones HAS (like a piston - hammer, anvil, stirrup) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea’s oval window Audition 3. Inner Ear contains the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs Cochlea coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses Hair cells line the basilar membrane I am sound, where do I go? Ear canal to Eardrum (vibrations) Piston - HAS Hammer Anvil Stirrup Cochlea Movement of Hair cells - basilar membrane Auditory nerve Neural message to the brain Thalamus Auditory cortex of Temporal lobe How do we hear? 1. Place Theory (Helmholtz) the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea’s membrane is stimulated; best for high-pitched sounds How do we hear? 2. Frequency Theory the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch; best for low-pitched sounds How We Locate Sounds? Locating sound We locate sound by detecting differences in the intensity (loudness) and timing (speed) of the sounds received by each ear Why can’t I hear? 1. Conduction Hearing Loss hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea Ex. Damage to eardrum, broken HAS Why can’t I hear? 2. Sensorineural Hearing Loss hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea’s receptor cells or to the auditory nerve also called nerve deafness Crunched the shag carpet - hair cells perm. damaged Audition Older people tend to hear low frequencies well but suffer hearing loss for high frequencies Amplitude required for perception relative to 20-29 year-old group 1 time 10 times 100 times 1000 times 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 4096 8192 16384 Frequency of tone in waves per second Low Pitch High Cochlea implants - clip on Amazing brain Sign language