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Download Classification: Sorting it All Out
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Classification: Sorting it All Out Chapter 9, Section 1 What are the different ways humans classify things? • • • • library books department-store merchandise addresses What is Classification? • Classification – the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities Why do we classify organisms? • There are millions of different organisms in the world • Classifying things makes it easier to find answers to: – How many species are there? – What are the characteristics of each species? – What are the relationships between species? Kingdoms • The largest most general group The 6 Kingdoms • • • • • • Plant Animal Fungi Protist Eubacteria Archaebacteria Phyla(several) Phylum(one) • The level of classification after kingdom, the organisms from all kingdoms are sorted into several phyla Classes • The level of classification after phylum; the organisms in all phyla are sorted into classes Classes in Phyla Chordata Orders • The level of classification after class; the organisms in all the classes are sorted into orders Reptilia Orders Families • The level of classification after order; the organisms in all orders are sorted into families Genus • The level of classification after family; the organisms in all families are sorted into genera Canis Genus Species • The most specific of the 7 levels of classification; characterized by a group of organisms that can mate with one another to produce fertile offspring Mnemonic device – a learning technique that aids memory. • The following is a mneomic device. It’s a sentence that is easy to remember – each word of the sentence begins with the same letter as each of the 7 levels of classification (in the correct order) •Kings Play Chess On Fine-Grained Sand. Kings Play Chess On Fine Grained Sand Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Where did classification come from? • Carolus Linnaeus – swedish physician and botanist in the 1700’s • Founded Taxonomy • Taxonomy – the science of identifying, classifying and naming living things • Linnaeus attempted to classify all known organisms by their shared characteristics Naming Names • By classifying organisms scientists were able to give them scientific names • Organisms can have scientific names or common names • Common names change in different languages • What is a cat called in German? - katze • What is a cat called in Spanish? - gato • The scientific name for a cat is the same in all countries. – Felis domesticus Naming Names • Scientific names are in Latin or Greek • Scientific name = Genus + species – Examples: Felis domesticus = cat Elephas maximus = elephant • The genus can be abbreviated: – F. domesticus = cat – E. maximus = elephant Dichotomous Keys • Dichotomous Key – an aid to identifying unknown organisms that consists of several pairs of descriptive statements; of each pair of statements, only 1 will apply to the unknown organism, and that statement will lead to another set of statements, and so on, until the unknown organism can be identified 6 Kingdoms Chapter 9, Section 2 Archaebacteria • bacteria • Where most organisms cannot survive – Example Hot springs • Prokaryotic Eubacteria • Most other types of bacteria • Live everywhere – Soil – Water – Inside the human body • Prokaryotic Monera • Sometime Archaebacteria and Eubacteria kingdoms are grouped together into 1 Kingdom – 5 kingdom classification system • One celled • No separate nucleus - prokaryotic • Example: bacteria Protista • Most one celled • Have nucleus and other cell structures - Eukaryotic • Examples: algae, amoeba Fungi • Many celled - Eukaryotic • Cannot move • Like plants, but do not go through photosynthesis • Absorb nutrients from other organisms • Examples: mushrooms, yeast, molds Plantae • Many-celled Eukaryotic • Cannot move • Go through photosynthesis • Examples: trees, flowers, ferns Animalia • Many-celled (lack cell walls) - Eukaryotic • Most can move • Get energy by consuming other organisms • Examples: invertebrates, fish, birds, mammals Which is a picture of a Plant? Which is a picture of a Protist? Which is a picture of an Animal? Which is a picture of a Moneran? Which is a picture of a Fungus?
