Download Unit 4 NERVOUS AND REPRODUCTION SYSTEM

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Class: ………..
School: ………………………………………………………..……………………………..
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Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education
1. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Human beings, like all the animals, capture
what occurs around us: we see, we hear, we feel...
Then, we act in accordance what we capture:
we move, we cry, we speak...
This process is the function of relationship is
possible thanks to the nervous system, the senses
and the locomotive system.
1.1. CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS
SYSTEM
The nervous system is the system through which we
send and receive information. It also coordinates other
systems like the digestive system.
The nervous system is the control center of the body.
It’s divided into two main systems, the central nervous
system and the peripheral nervous system.
•
The central nervous system consists of the brain
and the spinal cord.
In the brain we can distinguish three parts:
The cerebrum controls voluntary movements.
a reflex movement
The cerebellum coordinates movements controls
balance.
The brain stem communicates the brain with the
spinal cord.
The spinal cord controls reflex movements.
By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez
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Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education
cerebrum
Brain stem
cerebellum
•
The Peripheral nervous system consists of
nerves. The brain sends messages to the rest parts of
the body through the nerves.
The brain communicates with the rest of the body
through the spinal cord and the nerves. They tell the
brain what is going on in the body at all times.
1.2. SPINAL CORD AND NERVES
The spinal cord is located in the back. It controls
involuntary movements. It runs down a tunnel of holes in
our backbone. The bones, called vertebrae, protect it
from damage. The cord connects our brain with the rest
of our body.
Spinal cord is located in
the back.
Nerves carry information from the organs to the
brain and from the brain to the rest of the body. These
nerves are called neurons or nerve cells. Neurons are
the principal cells of the nervous system, they receive
and transmit information. They are grouped together to
form nerves.
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Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education
1.3. REFLEX AND VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS
We can distinguish two types of movements:
•
Reflex movements: they are involuntary
movements in response to external stimuli.
•
Voluntary movements: They are the result of
decisions.
1.4. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
The Nervous System coordinates all the body´s
internal processes, such as the beating of the heart or
the digestion of food. The nervous system can do this
thanks to the involuntary muscles and the
endocrine system.
We cannot control the involuntary muscles,
they work automatically and they are very important for
our body.
On the other hand, the endocrine system is
responsible for functions such as growth and
reproduction. The endocrine system consists of
endocrine glands which secrete substances called
hormones.
The principal glands are:
•
Thyroid gland: it produces the hormone
thyroxin which enables the body to absorb nutrients.
•
Pancreas: it produces insulin which controls
the amount of sugar in the bloodstream.
•
Ovaries (female) and testes (male): they
produce sex hormones, which are responsible for
reproduction.
•
Pituitary gland: it produces growth hormones.
By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez
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Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education
•
The nervous system is the system through which we send and receive
information.
•
The nervous system is divided into two main systems, the central
nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system
(nerves).
•
Spinal cord controls involuntary movements and nerves carry information
from the brain to the rest of the body.
•
There are two types of movements: reflex and voluntary movements.
•
The Nervous System coordinates all the body´s internal processes and do
this through the involuntary muscles and the endocrine system.
ACTIVITIES
1. Complete these sentences.
•
The nervous system is the system through which we ………….. and ……………
information.
•
The nervous system is divided into two main systems, the central nervous
system and the ……………………………………………...
•
In the brain we can distinguish three parts: cerebrum, ………………………. And
brain stem.
•
The spinal cord controls ………………………………………… .
•
The Peripheral nervous system consists of ……………………….. .
•
The ……………………… connects our brain with the rest of our body.
•
The brain ……………. messages to the rest parts of the body through the
……………… .
•
…………………….. are the principal cells of the nervous system.
•
We can distinguish two types of movements: …………………. and
……………………… movements.
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Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education
2. Complete the diagram.
3. Match the glands with their functions.
Thyroid gland
produces insulin which controls
the amount of sugar in the bloodstream
Ovaries and testes
produce sex hormones, which are
responsible for reproduction
Pancreas
produces growth hormones
Pituitary gland
produces the hormone thyroxin which
enables the body to absorb nutrients
4. Look at the pictures, comment with your classmates and write. Voluntary
or involuntary movements?
1
2
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Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education
5. Complete this outline.
NERVOUS SYSTEM
…………………………………
…………….…………
………………
PERIPHERAL
NERVOUS SYSTEM
SPINAL CORD
…………….…………
………………
………………
6. Read the sentences and write true (T) or false (F).
a) Spinal cord is located in the abdominals.
b) The nervous system is the system through which we reproduce.
c) Spinal cord controls reflex movements.
d) Nerves are the principal cells of the nervous system.
e) The endocrine system is responsible for functions such as growth and
reproduction.
f) Reflex movements are the result of our decisions
g) The nervous system is divided into two main systems, the central
nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
h) There are two types of movements: control and voluntary movements.
i) The endocrine system consists of endocrine glands which secrete
substances called hormones.
7. Correct the false sentences of the activity before.
For example: Spinal cord is located in the back.
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Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education
8. Watch this video, listen and fill in the gaps with the most
suitable word.
fibers
nerves
pairs
inside
system
outside
thirty one
cells
cranial
spinal
heartbeat
network
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cqvoV4R7T2g&feature=related
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
The Nervous System is a complex _______________ of nerves ___________ and nerve
_____________ spread throughout the body. Its functions it to interpret, store and
respond to information received from ______________ and _____________. The Central
Nervous System or CNS consists of the brain a __________
cord and is responsible for
processing information gathered from the rest of the nerves and transferring the
instructions to the body.
Messages passing to and from the CNS are carried by the _____________ at the
peripheral nervous ____________.
This system includes 12 _________ of cranial nerves
and ____________ pairs of spinal nerves. The __________ nerves and spinal nerves (are
responsible for) movements and sensations.
The autonomic nervous system consisting in sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves
fibers controls such involuntary functions as the _______________.
9. Read and complete.
Brain
Nerves
By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez
Spinal Cord
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Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education
The Nervous System is made up of three parts. They are the _ _ _ _ _ , the _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ and the _ _ _ _ _ _ .The _ _ _ _ _ is the control centre of the Nervous System.
Messages travel back and forth from the different parts of the brain, along the
_____
_ _ _ _ _ and through the _ _ _ _ _ _ . The nerves are connected to all the different
muscles in our body and the muscles move when they receive messages from the brain.
10. Label each part of the nervous system and tell to your classmate what
each part does.
By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez
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Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education
2. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
All living things can reproduce. Reproduction is the
process through which living things produce other living
things with similar characteristics.
The Reproductive System is a set of organs which
allow us to reproduce. Men and women have different
reproductive organs. The female reproductive system
is composed of these organs: ovaries, uterus, and
vagina.
Members of a family
have similar
characteristics
•
Ovaries: produce the eggs or ovules for
reproduction
•
Fallopian tubes: connect the ovaries to the
uterus.
•
Uterus: is the organ where the baby grows
during the pregnancy.
•
Vagina: is a channel which goes from the uterus
to the outside of the body.
The male reproductive system is composed of
these organs: penis, testes, and prostate.
•
Penis: the urethra passes through this organ.
•
Testes: Men have two and they produce the
sperm cells necessary for reproduction.
•
Prostate gland: produces a liquid to feed and
transport sperm.
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
ovaries
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
prostate
uterus
penis
vagina
By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez
testes
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Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education
2.1. Differences between men and women
Other differences between sexes:
WOMEN
•
Women also have breasts, a softer voice, less hair,
and wider hips than men.
MEN
•
Men have a stronger voice, more hair, and a wider
chest than women.
• Reproduction is the process through which living things produce other
living things with similar characteristics.
•
The female reproductive system is composed of these organs: ovaries,
uterus, and vagina. The male reproductive system is composed of these
organs: penis, testes, and prostate.
ACTIVITIES
11. Draw, label and colour.
_____________
___
By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez
_____________
___
_____________
___
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Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education
_____________
___
_____________
___
_____________
___
12. Find reproductive organs.
djacdajlnfjkdnjkpenisaskfpjfipqpmdnd
havaginamajdgcbffgwtdfsvuterusmns
hakiafaobladderkddkdnbdhewtwradaj
otestesnbcvxdaswqghdlggnfjprostate
mfnhydwretsgbcvfhnjmskshnbgterwd
afgshgbdgcfvxmljoplgjovariesnfhdshsf
sbcgftsysmjdndkidneyssjaoncvfdrwyw
3. Sex cells.
Both male and female cells are necessary for
Egg cells or ova are
made in the ovaries.
reproduction.
•
Egg cells or ovules are the female cells. They are
made in the ovaries.
•
Sperm cells are male sex cells. About 200 million
of these are produced every day.
Sperm are the male cells.
By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez
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Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education
4. Fertilisation.
Before a new human can start to grow, a sperm and
an egg or ovule must join up. We called this fertilisation.
Fertilisation occurs when an egg cell and a sperm
unite in the Fallopian tubes or in the uterus.
The fertilised egg grows inside the mother’s uterus.
Fertilisation.
After about nine months the baby is ready to be born.
The first cell has all the DNA of the two parents and is
called zygote. The zygote divides various times and forms
embryo. The embryo is implanted in the wall of the
uterus.
5. Pregnancy.
Pregnancy is the set of changes that happen from
fertilisation until the new baby is born. A pregnancy lasts
nine months.
called foetus.
During this time, the developing baby is
The foetus develops inside the uterus.
The mother´s body changes during this period.
•
Male and female cells are necessary for reproduction.
•
Fertilisation occurs when an egg cell and a sperm unite in the Fallopian
tubes or in the uterus. The first cell has all the DNA of the two parents
and is called zygote. The zygote divides various times and forms
embryo.
•
Pregnancy is the set of changes that happen from fertilisation until the
new baby is born. During this time, the developing baby is called foetus.
By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez
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Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education
ACTIVITIES
13. Read and write.
•
A channel which goes from the uterus to the outside of the body:
•
A gland which produces a liquid to feed and transport sperm:
•
They are made in the ovaries:
•
The first cell which has all the DNA of the two parents:
•
The developing of baby:
•
The organ where the baby grows during the pregnancy:
•
The urethra passes through this organ:
•
They produce the sperm:
14. Talk to your classmates and write two differemces between men and
women.
MEN
WOMEN
1.
1.
2.
2.
15. Answer these questions about the reproduction system.
1. What is reproduction?
2. What are the organs of the female reproductive system?
3. What are the organs of the male reproductive system?
4. How many testes do men have?
5. When fertilisation occurs?
6. What is pregnancy?
By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez
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Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education
16. Listen and complete.
Puberty
maturation
grow
ovule
life
hormones
ovules
cells
testicles
have
tail
sperm
move
THE REPRODUCTORY CELLS
__________ is the name for the time when the body begins to develop and
change as you move from child to adult. During puberty, the body will ________
faster than at any other time in your ________ , except for when you were a baby.
By this time reproductive organs are mature. For boys, __________ travel
through the blood to the ___________ and give the signal to begin the production
of _________ and the hormone testosterone. In girls, hormones go to the ovaries
and cause the _____________ and release of the ____________ .
_________ and sperm are reproductive ____________. The sperm are
extremely small and they ___________an elongated shape and a long _________
to push themselves. The ovule is a big and rounded cell. It cannot _________ by
itself.
17. Watch this video and comment with your classmates
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZpKlt1sHr4Q
By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez
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Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education
By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez
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Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education
ACTIVITIES
18. Complete.
HUMAN
SYSTEMS
________________
RESPIRATORY
________________
________________
REPRODUCTIVE
mouth,
____________
____________
____________
anus
____________
trachea
____________
____________
____________
____________
capillaries
____________
____________
urethra
____________
____________
uterus
____________
____________
prostate
_____________
19. Classify these organs
esophagus, penis, veins, stomach anus, kidneys, uterus, testes, trachea,
prostate, capillaries, heart, mouth, bladder, arteries, nostrils, intestine, bronchial
tubes, lungs, ovaries, vagina
Digestive
System
By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez
Respiratory
System
Circulatory
System
Excretory
System
Reproduction
System
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Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education
20. Read and Answer. Reading.
How does the fertilization occur?
When sperm are ejaculated from the penis during sexual relation, they swim up the
vagina, into the uterus and then into the fallopian tubes of the female. These sperm
are looking for an ovule (or egg) to fertilise.
Once one sperm has fertilized the ovule, no other sperm can
get in (for the sperm, it is like a race and there is only one
winner).
When this sperm fertilizes the ovule, we can say that the
woman is pregnant.
1. Where does a sperm swim up after sexual relation?
2. What does this sperm look for?
3. How many sperms can fertilize an ovule?
4. When is a woman pregnant?
21. Solve this crossword puzzle.
1
2
ACROSS
1.
5.
6.
7.
8.
11.
12.
A very important red liquid in our body
Process through which we clean our blood and eliminate
waste from our body.
Where the food is mixed.
3
Organ of the male reproductive system.
Feces are expelled through it.
They connect veins and arteries.
5
The process by which food substances are
changed into nutritional substances that our
body needs.
4
6
DOWN
Organs of the female reproductive system.
Gas that we take in when we breathe.
When our lungs fill with air.
There are two of these and they are
organs of our Respiratory System
10.
An involuntary muscle that pumps blood
throughout
our body.
2.
3.
4.
9.
7
8
9
10
11
12
EclipseCrossword.com
By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez
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Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education
22. Look and write.
1
__________________
_
2
__________________
_
23. Match.
1. Feces are expelled.
a) digestion
2. A long tube composed of two
parts.
b) arteries
3. It takes about two hours.
c) oxygen
4. A gas that we need to live.
d) kidneys
5. They take the blood from our
heart to the rest of our body.
e) penis
6. They clean our blood and make
the urine.
f) anus
7. Where the urine is stored.
g) bladder
8. An organ of the male reproductive
system.
h) intestine
24. Put in order the sentences. How do you digest a pear?
The parts of the pear that my body does not need go to large intestine.
Then the food goes into the small intestine.
The pear, mixed with saliva, goes down the esophagus.
I chew the pear in my mouth.
At last, the feces are expelled through the anus.
In my stomach, the pear is mixed with gastric juice.
By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez
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Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education
Nervous system:
Stimuli:
Sperm:
Relationship:
Endocrine system:
Liquid:
Senses:
To work:
To feed:
Locomotive system:
Growth:
To transport:
To send:
Reproduction:
Breasts:
To receive:
Endocrine gland:
Softer voice:
To coordinate:
Thyroid gland:
Less hair:
Central nervous system:
Thyroxin:
Wider hips:
Peripheral nervous system:
To absorb:
Stronger voice:
Brain:
Pancreas:
More hair:
Spinal cord:
To produce:
Wider chest:
Cerebrum:
Insulin:
Fertilisation:
Cerebellum:
Amount:
To unite:
Brain stem:
Bloodstream:
Zygote:
Voluntary movement:
Ovary:
Embryo:
Reflex movement:
Teste:
Implanted:
Nerve:
Pituitary gland:
Wall:
Message:
To allow:
Pregnancy:
Involuntary movement:
Fallopian tubes:
To be born:
To control:
Uterus:
Foetus:
To carry:
To grow:
To develop:
Neuron:
Pregnancy:
Period:
Cell:
Vagina:
To transmit:
Outside:
Together:
Penis:
To form:
To pass:
By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez
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