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Name: …………………………………………………………………………….…………. Class: ……….. School: ………………………………………………………..…………………………….. th Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education 1. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Human beings, like all the animals, capture what occurs around us: we see, we hear, we feel... Then, we act in accordance what we capture: we move, we cry, we speak... This process is the function of relationship is possible thanks to the nervous system, the senses and the locomotive system. 1.1. CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM The nervous system is the system through which we send and receive information. It also coordinates other systems like the digestive system. The nervous system is the control center of the body. It’s divided into two main systems, the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. • The central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord. In the brain we can distinguish three parts: The cerebrum controls voluntary movements. a reflex movement The cerebellum coordinates movements controls balance. The brain stem communicates the brain with the spinal cord. The spinal cord controls reflex movements. By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez 1 th Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education cerebrum Brain stem cerebellum • The Peripheral nervous system consists of nerves. The brain sends messages to the rest parts of the body through the nerves. The brain communicates with the rest of the body through the spinal cord and the nerves. They tell the brain what is going on in the body at all times. 1.2. SPINAL CORD AND NERVES The spinal cord is located in the back. It controls involuntary movements. It runs down a tunnel of holes in our backbone. The bones, called vertebrae, protect it from damage. The cord connects our brain with the rest of our body. Spinal cord is located in the back. Nerves carry information from the organs to the brain and from the brain to the rest of the body. These nerves are called neurons or nerve cells. Neurons are the principal cells of the nervous system, they receive and transmit information. They are grouped together to form nerves. By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez 2 th Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education 1.3. REFLEX AND VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS We can distinguish two types of movements: • Reflex movements: they are involuntary movements in response to external stimuli. • Voluntary movements: They are the result of decisions. 1.4. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM The Nervous System coordinates all the body´s internal processes, such as the beating of the heart or the digestion of food. The nervous system can do this thanks to the involuntary muscles and the endocrine system. We cannot control the involuntary muscles, they work automatically and they are very important for our body. On the other hand, the endocrine system is responsible for functions such as growth and reproduction. The endocrine system consists of endocrine glands which secrete substances called hormones. The principal glands are: • Thyroid gland: it produces the hormone thyroxin which enables the body to absorb nutrients. • Pancreas: it produces insulin which controls the amount of sugar in the bloodstream. • Ovaries (female) and testes (male): they produce sex hormones, which are responsible for reproduction. • Pituitary gland: it produces growth hormones. By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez 3 th Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education • The nervous system is the system through which we send and receive information. • The nervous system is divided into two main systems, the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system (nerves). • Spinal cord controls involuntary movements and nerves carry information from the brain to the rest of the body. • There are two types of movements: reflex and voluntary movements. • The Nervous System coordinates all the body´s internal processes and do this through the involuntary muscles and the endocrine system. ACTIVITIES 1. Complete these sentences. • The nervous system is the system through which we ………….. and …………… information. • The nervous system is divided into two main systems, the central nervous system and the ……………………………………………... • In the brain we can distinguish three parts: cerebrum, ………………………. And brain stem. • The spinal cord controls ………………………………………… . • The Peripheral nervous system consists of ……………………….. . • The ……………………… connects our brain with the rest of our body. • The brain ……………. messages to the rest parts of the body through the ……………… . • …………………….. are the principal cells of the nervous system. • We can distinguish two types of movements: …………………. and ……………………… movements. By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez 4 th Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education 2. Complete the diagram. 3. Match the glands with their functions. Thyroid gland produces insulin which controls the amount of sugar in the bloodstream Ovaries and testes produce sex hormones, which are responsible for reproduction Pancreas produces growth hormones Pituitary gland produces the hormone thyroxin which enables the body to absorb nutrients 4. Look at the pictures, comment with your classmates and write. Voluntary or involuntary movements? 1 2 By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez 3 4 5 th Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education 5. Complete this outline. NERVOUS SYSTEM ………………………………… …………….………… ……………… PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM SPINAL CORD …………….………… ……………… ……………… 6. Read the sentences and write true (T) or false (F). a) Spinal cord is located in the abdominals. b) The nervous system is the system through which we reproduce. c) Spinal cord controls reflex movements. d) Nerves are the principal cells of the nervous system. e) The endocrine system is responsible for functions such as growth and reproduction. f) Reflex movements are the result of our decisions g) The nervous system is divided into two main systems, the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. h) There are two types of movements: control and voluntary movements. i) The endocrine system consists of endocrine glands which secrete substances called hormones. 7. Correct the false sentences of the activity before. For example: Spinal cord is located in the back. By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez 6 th Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education 8. Watch this video, listen and fill in the gaps with the most suitable word. fibers nerves pairs inside system outside thirty one cells cranial spinal heartbeat network http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cqvoV4R7T2g&feature=related CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM The Nervous System is a complex _______________ of nerves ___________ and nerve _____________ spread throughout the body. Its functions it to interpret, store and respond to information received from ______________ and _____________. The Central Nervous System or CNS consists of the brain a __________ cord and is responsible for processing information gathered from the rest of the nerves and transferring the instructions to the body. Messages passing to and from the CNS are carried by the _____________ at the peripheral nervous ____________. This system includes 12 _________ of cranial nerves and ____________ pairs of spinal nerves. The __________ nerves and spinal nerves (are responsible for) movements and sensations. The autonomic nervous system consisting in sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves fibers controls such involuntary functions as the _______________. 9. Read and complete. Brain Nerves By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez Spinal Cord 7 th Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education The Nervous System is made up of three parts. They are the _ _ _ _ _ , the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and the _ _ _ _ _ _ .The _ _ _ _ _ is the control centre of the Nervous System. Messages travel back and forth from the different parts of the brain, along the _____ _ _ _ _ _ and through the _ _ _ _ _ _ . The nerves are connected to all the different muscles in our body and the muscles move when they receive messages from the brain. 10. Label each part of the nervous system and tell to your classmate what each part does. By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez 8 th Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education 2. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM All living things can reproduce. Reproduction is the process through which living things produce other living things with similar characteristics. The Reproductive System is a set of organs which allow us to reproduce. Men and women have different reproductive organs. The female reproductive system is composed of these organs: ovaries, uterus, and vagina. Members of a family have similar characteristics • Ovaries: produce the eggs or ovules for reproduction • Fallopian tubes: connect the ovaries to the uterus. • Uterus: is the organ where the baby grows during the pregnancy. • Vagina: is a channel which goes from the uterus to the outside of the body. The male reproductive system is composed of these organs: penis, testes, and prostate. • Penis: the urethra passes through this organ. • Testes: Men have two and they produce the sperm cells necessary for reproduction. • Prostate gland: produces a liquid to feed and transport sperm. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ovaries MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM prostate uterus penis vagina By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez testes 9 th Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education 2.1. Differences between men and women Other differences between sexes: WOMEN • Women also have breasts, a softer voice, less hair, and wider hips than men. MEN • Men have a stronger voice, more hair, and a wider chest than women. • Reproduction is the process through which living things produce other living things with similar characteristics. • The female reproductive system is composed of these organs: ovaries, uterus, and vagina. The male reproductive system is composed of these organs: penis, testes, and prostate. ACTIVITIES 11. Draw, label and colour. _____________ ___ By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez _____________ ___ _____________ ___ 10 th Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education _____________ ___ _____________ ___ _____________ ___ 12. Find reproductive organs. djacdajlnfjkdnjkpenisaskfpjfipqpmdnd havaginamajdgcbffgwtdfsvuterusmns hakiafaobladderkddkdnbdhewtwradaj otestesnbcvxdaswqghdlggnfjprostate mfnhydwretsgbcvfhnjmskshnbgterwd afgshgbdgcfvxmljoplgjovariesnfhdshsf sbcgftsysmjdndkidneyssjaoncvfdrwyw 3. Sex cells. Both male and female cells are necessary for Egg cells or ova are made in the ovaries. reproduction. • Egg cells or ovules are the female cells. They are made in the ovaries. • Sperm cells are male sex cells. About 200 million of these are produced every day. Sperm are the male cells. By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez 11 th Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education 4. Fertilisation. Before a new human can start to grow, a sperm and an egg or ovule must join up. We called this fertilisation. Fertilisation occurs when an egg cell and a sperm unite in the Fallopian tubes or in the uterus. The fertilised egg grows inside the mother’s uterus. Fertilisation. After about nine months the baby is ready to be born. The first cell has all the DNA of the two parents and is called zygote. The zygote divides various times and forms embryo. The embryo is implanted in the wall of the uterus. 5. Pregnancy. Pregnancy is the set of changes that happen from fertilisation until the new baby is born. A pregnancy lasts nine months. called foetus. During this time, the developing baby is The foetus develops inside the uterus. The mother´s body changes during this period. • Male and female cells are necessary for reproduction. • Fertilisation occurs when an egg cell and a sperm unite in the Fallopian tubes or in the uterus. The first cell has all the DNA of the two parents and is called zygote. The zygote divides various times and forms embryo. • Pregnancy is the set of changes that happen from fertilisation until the new baby is born. During this time, the developing baby is called foetus. By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez 12 th Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education ACTIVITIES 13. Read and write. • A channel which goes from the uterus to the outside of the body: • A gland which produces a liquid to feed and transport sperm: • They are made in the ovaries: • The first cell which has all the DNA of the two parents: • The developing of baby: • The organ where the baby grows during the pregnancy: • The urethra passes through this organ: • They produce the sperm: 14. Talk to your classmates and write two differemces between men and women. MEN WOMEN 1. 1. 2. 2. 15. Answer these questions about the reproduction system. 1. What is reproduction? 2. What are the organs of the female reproductive system? 3. What are the organs of the male reproductive system? 4. How many testes do men have? 5. When fertilisation occurs? 6. What is pregnancy? By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez 13 th Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education 16. Listen and complete. Puberty maturation grow ovule life hormones ovules cells testicles have tail sperm move THE REPRODUCTORY CELLS __________ is the name for the time when the body begins to develop and change as you move from child to adult. During puberty, the body will ________ faster than at any other time in your ________ , except for when you were a baby. By this time reproductive organs are mature. For boys, __________ travel through the blood to the ___________ and give the signal to begin the production of _________ and the hormone testosterone. In girls, hormones go to the ovaries and cause the _____________ and release of the ____________ . _________ and sperm are reproductive ____________. The sperm are extremely small and they ___________an elongated shape and a long _________ to push themselves. The ovule is a big and rounded cell. It cannot _________ by itself. 17. Watch this video and comment with your classmates http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZpKlt1sHr4Q By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez 14 th Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez 15 th Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education ACTIVITIES 18. Complete. HUMAN SYSTEMS ________________ RESPIRATORY ________________ ________________ REPRODUCTIVE mouth, ____________ ____________ ____________ anus ____________ trachea ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ capillaries ____________ ____________ urethra ____________ ____________ uterus ____________ ____________ prostate _____________ 19. Classify these organs esophagus, penis, veins, stomach anus, kidneys, uterus, testes, trachea, prostate, capillaries, heart, mouth, bladder, arteries, nostrils, intestine, bronchial tubes, lungs, ovaries, vagina Digestive System By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez Respiratory System Circulatory System Excretory System Reproduction System 16 th Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education 20. Read and Answer. Reading. How does the fertilization occur? When sperm are ejaculated from the penis during sexual relation, they swim up the vagina, into the uterus and then into the fallopian tubes of the female. These sperm are looking for an ovule (or egg) to fertilise. Once one sperm has fertilized the ovule, no other sperm can get in (for the sperm, it is like a race and there is only one winner). When this sperm fertilizes the ovule, we can say that the woman is pregnant. 1. Where does a sperm swim up after sexual relation? 2. What does this sperm look for? 3. How many sperms can fertilize an ovule? 4. When is a woman pregnant? 21. Solve this crossword puzzle. 1 2 ACROSS 1. 5. 6. 7. 8. 11. 12. A very important red liquid in our body Process through which we clean our blood and eliminate waste from our body. Where the food is mixed. 3 Organ of the male reproductive system. Feces are expelled through it. They connect veins and arteries. 5 The process by which food substances are changed into nutritional substances that our body needs. 4 6 DOWN Organs of the female reproductive system. Gas that we take in when we breathe. When our lungs fill with air. There are two of these and they are organs of our Respiratory System 10. An involuntary muscle that pumps blood throughout our body. 2. 3. 4. 9. 7 8 9 10 11 12 EclipseCrossword.com By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez 17 th Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education 22. Look and write. 1 __________________ _ 2 __________________ _ 23. Match. 1. Feces are expelled. a) digestion 2. A long tube composed of two parts. b) arteries 3. It takes about two hours. c) oxygen 4. A gas that we need to live. d) kidneys 5. They take the blood from our heart to the rest of our body. e) penis 6. They clean our blood and make the urine. f) anus 7. Where the urine is stored. g) bladder 8. An organ of the male reproductive system. h) intestine 24. Put in order the sentences. How do you digest a pear? The parts of the pear that my body does not need go to large intestine. Then the food goes into the small intestine. The pear, mixed with saliva, goes down the esophagus. I chew the pear in my mouth. At last, the feces are expelled through the anus. In my stomach, the pear is mixed with gastric juice. By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez 18 th Bilingual material 6 level of Primary Education Nervous system: Stimuli: Sperm: Relationship: Endocrine system: Liquid: Senses: To work: To feed: Locomotive system: Growth: To transport: To send: Reproduction: Breasts: To receive: Endocrine gland: Softer voice: To coordinate: Thyroid gland: Less hair: Central nervous system: Thyroxin: Wider hips: Peripheral nervous system: To absorb: Stronger voice: Brain: Pancreas: More hair: Spinal cord: To produce: Wider chest: Cerebrum: Insulin: Fertilisation: Cerebellum: Amount: To unite: Brain stem: Bloodstream: Zygote: Voluntary movement: Ovary: Embryo: Reflex movement: Teste: Implanted: Nerve: Pituitary gland: Wall: Message: To allow: Pregnancy: Involuntary movement: Fallopian tubes: To be born: To control: Uterus: Foetus: To carry: To grow: To develop: Neuron: Pregnancy: Period: Cell: Vagina: To transmit: Outside: Together: Penis: To form: To pass: By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez 19