Download Name: Body Systems Study Guide List from simplest to most

Name: _____________________________________
Body Systems Study Guide
1. List from simplest to most complex the levels of cellular organization, explain and give an example of each level.
______cell tissue organ organ system organism
Blood cell blood heart circulatory system human__
2. Define homeostasis and explain why it is important to the human body.
___Homeostasis- maintaining stable internal conditions is needed for cells to function properly___
3. To bend a joint, one muscle __contracts__ while another muscle returns to its original length.
4. What is produced in the bone marrow? This is an example of the interaction of which systems?
_blood cells. Interaction of skeletal and circulatory and immune___
5. Describe and Explain the function of each of the following parts of the circulatory system: Heart, Blood, Blood
Vessels. __heart- made of cardiac muscle tissue pumps blood through the body
blood- connective tissue
that carries nutrients, gases, wastes, and hormones throughout the body. Arteries- blood vessels that carry
oxygenated blood away from the heart. Veins- carry deoxygenated blood back into the heart. Capillaries- where
gas exchange takes place.
6. What is the body’s first line of defense against pathogens? ___skin- integumentary system___
7. Water from the digestive system is absorbed in the __large__ intestine.
8. Nutrients from the digestive system are absorbed in the __small___ intestine.
9. In gas exchange, _oxygen_ passes from the alveoli into the blood.
10. There are three types of muscles found in your body. Name each type, describe the muscle movement
(voluntary/involuntary), tell where it is found and its function.
__Skeletal- voluntary found attached to bones. Allows for movement of the body.
Smooth- involuntary, found in blood vessels and organs, moves materials through the body.
Cardiac- involuntary, found in the heart, pumps blood through the body_
11. What are the two types of immunity and how do they compare?
___Active- your own immune system makes antibodies to fight a pathogen either from the environment or from a
vaccine.
Passive- borrowed antibodies ex: a baby gets antibodies from its mother through milk__
12. The nervous system is divided up into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system
(PNS). Explain how these two systems work together and the parts that make up each system.
___CNS= brain and spinal cord. Sends and receives messages
information to the CNS__
PNS= nerves throughout your body that provide
13. List the organs of the human body that are involved in excretion. ___kidneys, lungs, liver, skin___
14. The respiratory system brings __oxygen___ into the body and releases __carbon dioxide__ back into the
environment.
15. What are the bones called that make up the backbone and what do they protect?
____vertebrae- protect the spinal cord______
16. What are the functions of the integumentary system?
__barrier to pathogens/first line of defense maintain body fluids___
17. What is the main function of the nervous system? Sends electrical messages to control functions of other
systems.
18. What are the four different types of tissues in the human body and where are they found?
_____muscle tissue- found in muscle
epithelial tissue- covers surfaces- lines organs
nervous tissue- sends messages
connective tissue- supporting tissue- cartilage, bone, blood
19. Name each of the four joints below, tell where they are found, and explain the type of movement.
_gliding-wrist
pivot- neck
Ball and socket has the widest range of motion
hinge- knee and elbow
ball and socket- hip and shoulder
20. Explain the path of food through the digestive system and what happens in each organ.
Mouth- begins chemical and mechanical digestion with chewing and saliva (enzymes). Esophagus- moves food from
mouth to stomach. Stomach- continues to digest food using muscle churning and acids. Small Intestine- absorbs
nutrients. Large Intestine- absorbs water. Rectum- last part of the colon.
21. Explain the difference between chemical and mechanical digestion and give an example of where each happens.
_Chemical- breaks down food chemically using acids and enzymes. Happens in the mouth and stomach.
Mechanical- physically tears apart and breaks down food. In the mouth with teeth and stomach muscles churn the food.
22. How does the diaphragm help you breath?
___contracts to pull air in, relaxes and pushes air back out._
23. What is the difference between breathing and respiration?
__breathing is just inhaling and exhaling _Respiration takes place in the cells when oxygen is used to break down glucose
releasing energy.__
24. List each system and provide an example of how it interacts with two other systems.
Circulatory
Digestive and respiratory- carries nutrients and oxygen
Digestive
Respiratory
Skeletal
Immune
Excretory
Nervous
Integumentary
Muscular- used to move food through the system
Circulatory- transports nutrients around the body
Muscular- diaphragm helps inflate and deflate lungs
Circulatory- transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
Immune and circulatory- makes blood cells
Muscular- pulls on bones for movement
Skeletal- blood cells made there
Circulatory- carries white blood cells around the body
Circulatory- removes wastes from the blood
Respiratory- lung removes carbon dioxide and water
Sends electrical messages needed for all systems to function properly
Skeletal- helps with absorption of vitamin d
Nervous- sends messages about outside environment.