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Welcome to KU121 Unit 2 Seminar Intro to Writing Skills and Strategies Instructor – Carrie Jantz You are in the right place :). Seminar Agenda 1. Welcome! 2. Friends and Enemies 3. Sentence Structure a) Complete Sentences b) Clauses c) Fragments d) Run-On Sentences e) Comma Splices 4. Writing Rascals 5. Writing Center 6. Unit 2 Assignments 7. Questions Welcome! “All writing is ultimately a question of solving a problem. It may be a problem of where to obtain the facts or how to organize the material. It may be a problem of approach or attitude, tone or style. Whatever it is, it has to be confronted and solved. “Sometimes you will despair of finding the right solution – or any solution. You’ll think, “If I live to be ninety I’ll never get out of this mess.” I’ve often thought it myself. “But when I finally do solve the problem it’s because I’m like a surgeon removing his 500th appendix; I’ve been there before.” Zinsser, W. (1998). On writing well. NY: HarperCollins. Friends and Enemies “Keep your friends close, and your enemies closer. “ ~ Sun-tzu, Chinese general & military strategist (~400 BC) Friends Enemies Course Map Unit 1 Unit 2 Units 3-8 Unit 9 Unit 10 Get to know WSS, the syllabus, each other, and the writing process Review sentence development and learn about the Writing Center Explore writing process steps and create bio essay. Review basic grammar. Discuss how to evaluate and apply feedback to polish work Reflect on course concepts. Plan for future writing success. What is a Sentence? • Contains a subject (what the sentence is about) • Contains a predicate (what the subject is doing) Subject (what the sentence is about) Predicate (what the subject is doing) He was caught. The door slammed in his face It landed in the fountain after dark. A debutante and a troll are squatting under the bridge. • Usually a noun (door) • Can also be a pronoun (he, it) • Can also be a group of words (debutante, troll) • Has something to say about the subject • States the subjects “predicament” • Contains a verb • Does not always come after the subject (There were seven men in the room.) Sentence examples from: Gordon, K. (1993). The deluxe transitive vampire: The ultimate handbook of grammar for the innocent, the eager, and the doomed. NY: Pantheon. What is a Clause? A sentence must not only contain a subject and a verb; it must also express a complete thought. A clause is a group of related words that contains a subject and its verb. Clauses either stand alone and accept the responsibility for their own meaning, or they depend on another clause to complete their meaning. Independent clauses can stand alone as sentences. Dependent clauses can never stand alone because they are not complete sentences. When a dependent clause stands alone, it is a fragment. Chrzanowski, J. (2010). PowerPoint presentations, pathways for writing scenarios: From sentence to paragraph, second edition Chapter 4. NY: Pearson. Chrzanowski, J. (2010). PowerPoint presentations, pathways for writing scenarios: From sentence to paragraph, second edition Chapter 6. NY: Pearson. Why Structure Matters Reading work that contains language errors is like driving with a cracked windshield -- We have a general sense of where we are going but we sometimes have to guess about the details. Reading work that contains language errors is like driving with a cracked windshield -- We have a general sense of where we are going but we sometimes have to guess about the details. Common Cracks (Sentence Structure Problems) • Fragments • Run-On Sentences • Comma Splices What is a Fragment? • Lacks a subject (what the sentence is about), AND/OR • Lacks a complete predicate (what the subject is doing) No Subject Incomplete Predicate All over the floor. Four ushers from the cinema. Hurled his bottle at his nanny. This delusion of his. Tried to find their shoes. The tremors disturbing the room. How could you correct one of these sentences? Sentence examples from: Gordon, K. (1993). The deluxe transitive vampire: The ultimate handbook of grammar for the innocent, the eager, and the doomed. NY: Pantheon. What is a Run-On Sentence? • A “fused” sentence • “Sentences” that need punctuation are left without it • “Sentences” are not punctuated correctly “That nutty picture of me on the cover of On the Road results from the fact that I had just gotten down from a high mountain were I’d been for two months completely alone and usually I was in the habit of combing my hair of course because you have to get rides on the highway and all that and you usually don’t girls to look at you as though you were a man and not a wild beast…” ~ Jack Kerouac, From Origins of a Beat Generation Miller. J. (Ed.). (1991). Heritage of American literature: Civil war to the present. Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Run-On Sentences Further Examples: Her poise and panache are disconcerting they bring out the beast in me. What a darling hat it makes your eyes bug out. Please create a run-on sentence of your own. Sentence examples from: Gordon, K. (1993). The deluxe transitive vampire: The ultimate handbook of grammar for the innocent, the eager, and the doomed. NY: Pantheon. How to I.D. Run-On Sentences 1. Read each sentence aloud and place a slash mark when you hear a pause. The pause indicates the need for punctuation. 2. Look for sentences that contain two complete thoughts (independent clauses) without punctuation to separate them. 3. Look for long sentences. Chrzanowski, J. (2010). PowerPoint presentations, pathways for writing scenarios: From sentence to paragraph, second edition, chapter 5. NY: Pearson. How to Fix Run-On Sentences 1. Create two separate sentences (add a period to separate two complete thoughts) 2. Use a semicolon (connects two complete thoughts) 3. Use a comma and a coordinating conjunction (join two complete thoughts with “,and”; “,but”; “,for” or another conjunction) 4. Make one thought dependent, using subordinating conjunctions (such as because, when after, if) Chrzanowski, J. (2010). PowerPoint presentations, pathways for writing scenarios: From sentence to paragraph, second edition, chapter 5 . NY: Pearson. Fixing Run-On Sentences Further Examples: Her poise and panache are disconcerting they bring out the beast in me. What a darling hat it makes your eyes bug out. Please correct one of these sentences using one if the methods we discussed. Sentence examples from: Gordon, K. (1993). The deluxe transitive vampire: The ultimate handbook of grammar for the innocent, the eager, and the doomed. NY: Pantheon. What is a Comma Splice? • A type of run-on sentence • Occur when a comma is used to divide two complete thoughts • Problem: A comma is not strong enough to divide two complete thoughts Examples: It was the Queen’s birthday on Saturday, she had no mail. John woke up in his own bed, he felt great. Sentence examples from: Truss, L. (2003). Eats, shoots, and leaves. NY: Penguin Group. How to I.D. a Comma Splice To test a sentence to see if you have written a comma splice, take the sentence apart at the comma. If the part before the comma is a complete thought and the part after the comma is also a complete thought, then you need to check whether the second clause starts with a coordinating conjunction (and, or, but, so, for, yet, nor). If you do not have a coordinating conjunction to separate the two complete thoughts, then you have a comma splice. Chrzanowski, J. (2010). PowerPoint presentations, pathways for writing scenarios: From sentence to paragraph, second edition, chapter 5 . NY: Pearson. How to Fix a Comma Splice To correct comma splice use any one of the methods you used to correct run-ons: 1. Create two separate sentences (add a period to separate two complete thoughts). 2. Use a semicolon (connects two complete thoughts). 3. Use a comma and a coordinating conjunction (join two complete thoughts with “,and”; “,but”; “,for” or another conjunction). 4. Make one thought dependent, using subordinating conjunctions (such as because, when after, if). Chrzanowski, J. (2010). PowerPoint presentations, pathways for writing scenarios: From sentence to paragraph, second edition, chapter 5 . NY: Pearson. Quick Review Parts of a Sentence A sentence, sentence, sentence Is complete, complete, complete When 5 simple rules it meets, meets, meets. It has a subject, subject, And a verb, verb, verb. It makes sense, sense, sense With every word, word, word. Add a capital letter and end mark, mark, Now our sentence has all its parts. Reginers, B. (n.d.). Parts of a sentence. Retrieved March 25, 2010 from, http://www.canteach.ca/elementary/songspoems31.html Writing Rascals What is a Writing Rascal? • An issue with language that prevents clear communication • Can include grammar, spelling, punctuation, or sentence structure • Can be found and fixed with review and editing (like Whack-a-Mole!) Writing Rascal #1 I want more. Because I’m one of those insatiable robots, you know. Sentence example from: Gordon, K. (1993). The deluxe transitive vampire: The ultimate handbook of grammar for the innocent, the eager, and the doomed. NY: Pantheon. Writing Rascal #2 A shade of green which caught her eye. Sentence example from: Gordon, K. (1993). The deluxe transitive vampire: The ultimate handbook of grammar for the innocent, the eager, and the doomed. NY: Pantheon. Writing Rascal #3 One way to find a sweetheart is to put an ad in the paper, another is to wait and see what the cat drags in. Sentence example from: Gordon, K. (1993). The deluxe transitive vampire: The ultimate handbook of grammar for the innocent, the eager, and the doomed. NY: Pantheon. Writing Rascal #4 The career planning center on campus is helpful one of the counselors suggested I take a career-planning course. Sentence example from: Chrzanowski, J. (2010). PowerPoint presentations, pathways for writing scenarios: From sentence to paragraph, second edition chapter 5. NY: Pearson. Writing Center Offerings 1. Live Tutoring – This is a live chat feature. Live tutors are available on Sunday, Monday, and Tuesday from 6-11:00 pm ET 2. Q & A Center – Provides a way to ask questions outside of live office hours 3. Writing Reference Library – Contains writing related tutorials 4. Paper Review Service – Provides suggestions for how to improve your assignment Which of these do you think could be most helpful to you? Friends and Enemies “Keep your friends close, and your enemies closer. “ ~ Sun-tzu, Chinese general & military strategist (~400 BC) Friends • Complete Sentences • Understanding of the different types of clauses • Writing Center ‘ s Live Tutors • Writing Center ‘s Q & A Center • Writing Center ‘s Writing Reference Library • Writing Center’s Paper Review Service Enemies • Fragments • Run-On Sentences • Comma Splices Which enemy do you need to most watch out for? Which friend do you need to spend more time on? In upcoming weeks we will explore ways to overcome the enemies and use the friends to our advantage in the writing process. Sit Down and Write (1) Verse I Are you the type of writer who uses words as a lighter To ignite flames on fire as a means to inspire? Or are you the type of writer who writes for herself For peace of mind, creativity, and mental health? Are you the type of person who’s quite sure and certain That you can’t stand writing, reciting, and rehearsing? Or are you that hidden talent in the back of the class Who loves to tell stories, but no one cared to ask Are you a future journalist, playwright, or poet Developing your skills and you might not even know it Are you an emcee who’s listened to the greats And writes rhymes with his ipod, records, and tapes? Are you an essay writer? Or do you prefer fiction Concrete, abstract, vivid descriptions Let’s use these words to document real life Collect your thoughts, grab a pen, sit down and write Sit down and write. (2006). Track 1, Language arts. Cambridge, MA: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results. Sit Down and Write (2) Chorus Sit down and write Sit down and write Sit down and write Collect your thoughts, grab a pen, sit down and write (×2) Sit down and write. (2006). Track 1, Language arts. Cambridge, MA: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results. Sit Down and Write (3) Verse II First you need some focus and a plan Figure out what you’re writing in the best way you can Ask yourself questions that you think might be relevant Access prior knowledge that will help you with development Free-write, brainstorm, and outline the elements Refine your craft and write a first draft Organize your thoughts, connect the future with the past Now you’re on your way to success real fast Be open-minded, we all need feedback Some writers think they’re too good and don’t need that Embrace other input, be willing to revise Try to understand your work through someone else’s eyes Re-evaluate, re-assess, re-organize Edit and re-edit, that’s a word to the wise Share your work with others, try reading it aloud Your finished product will be something that’ll make you proud Sit down and write. (2006). Track 1, Language arts. Cambridge, MA: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results. Sit Down and Write (4) Verse III Writing is a form of self-expression A way to liberate yourself from all oppression It could be a teacher’s plans for next day’s lesson Or a novelist who loves to keep you guessing Writing helps you use imagination Whether you’re in school or on vacation I make music in planes and train stations These lyrics are a form of relaxation Writing is an absolute necessity If I couldn’t write people would think less of me I know it’s not fair but that’s reality So practice using words ‘cause that’s the recipe Writing is key communication You’ll need it for a job application (after graduation) It’s a form of conversation All it takes is a little motivation Sit down and write. (2006). Track 1, Language arts. Cambridge, MA: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results. Sit Down and Write (5) Verse IV Now that you’ve learned all about the stages Pick up your pen and write words on pages Like ancient language engraved and chiseled in stone Feathers dipped in ink, burnt coal, papyrus scrolls Tell stories untold, let lyrics unfold Sometimes you just gotta let it go Try the many different styles of writing you know Step out your comfort zone, that’s how you grow You could be a critic of music, theatre, or sports Or a stenographer who documents the words in court You could write long novels or stories that are short Create tales in Braille and type e-mail Any way you slice it, writing is essential Grab a pad or a journal, a pen or a pencil Your imagination has infinite potential Sit down and write. (2006). Track 1, Language arts. Cambridge, MA: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results. Unit 2 To Do Reading Discussion (20) Seminar (5) MWL Exercises (30) Quiz (5) What other questions do you have? Thanks for coming! Works Cited Chrzanowski, J. (2010). PowerPoint presentations, pathways for writing scenarios: From sentence to paragraph, second edition, chapter 4. NY: Pearson. Chrzanowski, J. (2010). PowerPoint presentations, pathways for writing scenarios: From sentence to paragraph, second edition, chapter 6. NY: Pearson. Gordon, K. (1993). The deluxe transitive vampire: The ultimate handbook of grammar for the innocent, the eager, and the doomed. NY: Pantheon. Miller. J. (Ed.). (1991). Heritage of American literature: Civil war to the present. Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Reginers, B. (n.d.). Parts of a sentence. Retrieved March 25, 2010 from, http://www.canteach.ca/elementary/songspoems31.html Sit down and write. (2006). Track 1, Language arts. Cambridge, MA: Rhythm, Rhyme, Results. Truss, L. (2003). Eats, shoots, and leaves. NY: Penguin Group. Zinsser, W. (1998). On writing well. NY: HarperCollins.