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Interactive Notebook Name ______________________ # _____ Date __________ Subject/Chapter SS, Chapter 5: Life in the Eastern Hemisphere Key Words ~China Asian Emperors and Traders THE CHINESE EMPIRE 2. 1. Section Main Ideas ~In the late 1400’s, the peoples of the West met the peoples of the East—this changed their lives forever. ~While the Aztec & Inca were building their empires in the Western Hemisphere, the Chinese were enlarging their empire in the Eastern Hemisphere—making contact with people from Europe & Africa. ~Zhu Di ~The Chinese saw their land as a great empire— protected by the Himalaya Mountains to the west, the Gobi Desert to the north, & the Pacific Ocean to the ~Great Wall east. ~Invaders still broke through. ~In 1402 the emperor of China, Zhu Di, set out to rebuild the Great wall to keep invaders out. 1 Show Your Understanding The Silk Road 3. Section Key Words ~Silk Road: a network of overland trade routes from China to Persia ~Persia (known today as Iran) Main Ideas ~Zhu Di also increased trade along the Silk Road. ~People in Europe wanted so much silk from China that the trade route became known as the Silk Road ~Goods exchanged along the Silk Road = silk from China for oranges, gold & horses ~Goods changed hands often because few traders ever traveled the entire route ZHENG HE’S VOYAGES 4. ~Zheng He: a Chinese Muslim sea sailing ships—he put Zheng He in charge of the huge captain fleet. ~India The Ships of Zheng He ~magnetic compass: 5. ~(1403) Zhu Di ordered the building of 1000s of instrument invented by the Chinese (about A.D. 100) to help sailors find north & south ~(1405-1433) Explored India, Southeast Asia, Arabia, & the coast of East Africa ~Over 300 ships in Zheng He’s fleet ~Used a magnetic compass to find directions ~Perhaps the voyages were made to find new trading centers or show others the power of the Chinese empire ~Exploration ended when a new emperor had the ships destroyed (1525) 2 Show Your Understanding Section Key Words Main Ideas among different peoples in Eastern Asia A Chinese Tale African Kingdoms KING SUNNI ALI 8. 7. 6. ~Over many centuries, tales have been exchanged ~Zheng He’s voyages helped bring new tales to Asia ~Yeh-hsien = Chinese Cinderella Story ~Sahara Desert: largest in the world ~caravans: groups of people traveling together in a desert ~Songhai ~Sunni Ali: king of Songhai (1464) ~Berbers lived in the Sahara Desert & traded with Europe for 100s of years—the Sahara made it difficult for them to trade with people south of the desert until the 1200s ~(1400s) most caravans headed to the kingdom of Songhai ~Sunni Ali captured Timbuktu (1468) from the Berbers & then Jenne (1475)—both cities located along the Niger River ~Timbuktu ~Jenne 3 Show Your Understanding Section Key Words Main Ideas the people they conquered—traded enslaved people Ruling Songhai 9. ~Many African rulers maintained power by enslaving with Arab sailors (1400s) ~in hard times people asked to be enslaved in order to get food & shelter—slaves were treated as family, not property ~Sunni Ali wanted traders of gold, ivory, cloth, & salt trade between North & West Africa (Sahara Desert to THE SONGHAI KINGDOM 10. ~Songhai became extremely wealthy by controlling the Niger River valley) ~Songhai controlled the salt & gold mines of central Africa)—trading salt & gold made them very wealthy Songhai’s Cities 11. ~Gao ~Gao, Timbuktu, & Jenne = trade centers of Songhai ~Gao = full of skilled workers, crafts workers & artists ~Timbuktu = great cultural center—scholars studied ~Leo Africanus: Arab astronomy, mathematics, music, & literature at Timbuktu’s historian University—great value was placed on learning ~Jenne = people studied medicine—doctors performed ~malaria operations on the human eye—discovered mosquito bites cause malaria 4 Show Your Understanding Europe’s Age of Exploration EUROPE’S RENAISSANCE Trade with Asia 14. 13. 12. Section Key Words ~Marco Polo Main Ideas ~(1271) Marco Polo traveled from Persia to China along the Silk Road (3 years)—created interest ~Portugal ~(1400s) important link between Europe & Asia = goods to be traded ~Spain ~Spain & Portugal sent explorers in search of a direct sea route to Asia = cheaper prices ~Renaissance: rebirth in art, music, & learning ~Italy ~Johannes Gutenberg: (1436) invented printing press ~England ~(1300s) Renaissance began in Italy (spread through Europe) ~More books = more learning ~New knowledge of science = new ideas ~New inventions = exploration ~Europeans needed spices from Asia to keep food from spoiling ~France ~The price of any good rose each time it was traded along the Silk Road ~European traders needed a cheaper route 5 Show Your Understanding PRINCE HENRY Portuguese Exploration 16. 15. Section Key Words ~Prince Henry: proved it was possible to reach Asia by ship Main Ideas ~”Prince Henry the Navigator” made improvements in navigation (the science of determining a ship’s sailing direction & location)—astrolabe & magnetic compass ~navigation ~astrolabe ~caravel ~Bartholomeu Dias ~Prince Henry & others created the caravel (small ship that could be steered easily, sailed fast & against the wind, & held large amounts of cargo) ~(1488) Dias sailed around the southern tip of Africa ~Cape of Good (Cape of Good Hope) Hope ~(1498) Vasco da Gama = 1st Portuguese to reach ~Vasco da Gama Asia (India) = HUGE profits 6 Show Your Understanding