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Rube Goldberg Project Basic Elements Introduction • Rube Goldberg was a cartoonist famous for creating diagrams that showed an extremely complicated, complex way to accomplish simple, ordinary tasks. You, too, will follow in the creative footsteps of Mr. Goldberg on the path to simple machine invention. Task • You will design and build a working Rube Goldberg machine, a very complicated machine to perform a simple everyday task. Process • You will design and build a working Rube Goldberg machine, a very complicated machine to perform a simple everyday task. What you need to know • • • • Where force comes from Where energy comes from How energy is stored How energy is transferred Big Bang Evolution of forces • 13.7 billion years ago Superforce This is where forces come from. Grand Unified Force Gravity Big Bang Evolution of forces Weak Nuclear Force Electroweak Force Grand Unified Force Strong Nuclear Force Gravity Electromagnetic Force Big Bang Evolution of forces Weak Nuclear Force Electromagnetic Force Strong Nuclear Force Gravity Strong bonds within the nucleus Electricity Magnetism Short range bonding protons and neutrons You will be using these three in your project. Types of Energy • • • • • • • Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Mechanical Energy Heat energy Chemical Energy Electrical Energy Gravitational Energy • Kinetic Energy is energy that is in motion. Moving water and wind are good examples of kinetic energy. Electricity is also kinetic energy because even though you can't see it happen, electricity involves electrons moving in conductors. • Potential Energy is stored energy. Examples of potential energy are oil sitting in a barrel, or water in a lake in the mountains. This energy is referred to as potential energy, because if it were released, it would do a lot of work. • Mechanical Energy is the energy of motion that does the work. An example of mechanical energy is the wind as it turns a windmill. • Heat energy is energy that is pushed into motion by using heat. An example is a fire in your fireplace. • Chemical Energy is energy caused by chemical reactions. A good example of chemical energy is food when it is cooked. • Electrical Energy is when electricity creates motion, light or heat. An example of electrical energy is the electric coils on your stove. • Gravitational Energy is motion that is caused by gravity. An example of gravitational energy is water flowing down a waterfall. • Energy can change from one form to another. Be able to identify what changed. Machine Requirements Machine must demonstrate at least ONE of the following simple machines: • Pulley • Lever • Wedge • Wheel and Axle • Inclined Plane • Screw Pulley Pulley Lever Lever Lever Wedge Ball drops on top of wedge, wedge pushes down (wedges in) between a fixed block and a movable block, movable block pushes a ball off, or itself falls off, of another edge.... or presses a button and throws a switch Wedge Wheel and Axle Inclined Plane Screw Screw Machine must demonstrate at least TWO of the following: • • • • • • • • Wave (sound or mechanical) Collision Chemical reaction Temperature change Magnetism Electricity Change of motion (acceleration) Light Wave • Sound Wave • Mechanical Collision Chemical Reaction Temperature Change Magnetism Electricity Change of Motion • Acceleration Acceleration •-Acceleration- the rate at which velocity changes with time •-Velocity = speed in a given direction Acceleration •a change in velocity means a change in direction or speed or both which is acceleration •-Acceleration is a Vector (magnitude and direction) Light Machine must demonstrate ALL of the following: • • • • • Potential Energy Kinetic Energy Inertia Momentum Speed Potential Energy (PE) •-Potential Energy-stored energy that results from the position or shape of an object. •-PE has the potential to do work Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) •-Def: Potential energy related to an objects height •-Depends on weight and height in relation to reference point •-Calculate: GPE = Weight x Height Elastic Potential Energy (EPE) •-Def: Potential energy of objects that can be stretched or compressed •-EX: Bow of an archer Kinetic Energy (KE) •-Kinetic Energy-the energy an object has due to its motion •-The amount of KE is due to an objects mass and speed •-KE increases as mass increases or speed increases Inertia • Tendency of an object to resist a change in motion • The more mass an object has the more inertia it has Inertia • Newton’s First Law of MotionAn object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will remain in motion at the same velocity unless acted on by an unbalanced force. Momentum •Momentum-a characteristic of a moving object by multiplying the object’s mass and velocity Speed •-Speed is a type of rate •-Rates tell you the amount of something that occurs or changes in one unit of time. •-Speed-the distance an object travels per unit of time. Speed •-Speed is a type of rate •-Rates tell you the amount of something that occurs or changes in one unit of time. •-Speed-the distance an object travels per unit of time. Transfer of Energy • Machine must transfer energy from start to finish, adding energy for the next machine. The amount of force that exits your machine must be MORE than what begins it. Construction Requirements • Machine must be no larger than 60 cm x 60 cm x 60 cm. This will be small. Use small parts. • Machine must be able to complete the process more than once. Parts can be replaceable, but you shouldn’t have to rebuild it. Construction Requirements • Use trash or recyclable items for your machine. However, you may need to purchase things like marbles, magnets or dominoes. Think creatively. • You may build prototypes at home, but be prepared to construct the final product in class. You will have several days of class time for construction. Other Details • Your machine may begin by a force from your hand or from another machine. You may coordinate with another machine to align your entry and exit points. • You cannot touch the machine after it starts