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Transcript
States and Forms of Energy • energy is the ability to do work – unit of measurement is also the Joule (J) States of Energy • Kinetic Energy – energy of motion – a moving object has the ability to do work • this depends on the object’s mass and velocity Kinetic Energy formula K.E. = m · 2 2 v K.E. = Kinetic Energy m = mass v = velocity Example problem • How much kinetic energy is in a 5 kg ball with a velocity of 7 m/s? given m = 5kg v = 7m/s formula KE= m · v2 2 set up problem answer w/ unit of measurement 5kg(7m/s)2 2 122.5 Joules – Potential Energy • objects can have energy (can do work) because of their position or make up – a stretched rubber band – a can of gasoline – gravitational; an object that is held up and can fall Gravitational Potential Energy Formula grav. PE = m · g · h m = mass g = free-fall acceleration on earth (9.8 m/s2) h = height Example problem • What is a gravitational potential energy of a 5 kg brick 4 meters high? given formula set up problem answer w/ unit of measurement m = 5kg PE= mgh 5kg · 9.8m/s2 · 4m g = 9.8m/s2 h=4m 196 Joules Forms of Energy (these can be kinetic or potential) 1. Mechanical Energy – energy that has to do with motion 2. Heat Energy – – caused by the motion of atoms the faster atoms move, the more heat energy is produced because of friction 3. Chemical Energy – – energy in the bonds holding atoms together can be released when the bonds are broken • burning fuel, digesting food, ATP 4. Electromagnetic Energy – – moving electrical charges can be light, electricity, x-rays, radio waves 5. Nuclear Energy – – a very concentrated form of energy results when the nucleus of an atom splits (fisson) or two nuclei join (fusion)
