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Radnor Middle School Course Overview Math Course 2 Advanced General Information Credits: N/A Length: Full Year Weighted: N/A Format: Meets Daily Prerequisite: N/A Grade: 6 I. Course Description The goal of this course is to provide students with a strong foundation of math skills traditionally considered essential for success in higher level, more abstract math courses. Early topics include: rational numbers, their operations, and their algebraic representations. As the year progresses, equations and functions, geometry, square root, and probability become the focus. Strands of measurement, conversions, area, measures of central tendency, and data displays are investigated throughout the course. Additionally, students will consistently engage in problem solving situations that will require application of skills and use of estimation to check for reasonableness. Student Objectives: Students will understand that: Patterns can be used to solve problems Mathematics is a language with essential vocabulary A negative sign can be used to represent numbers less than zero All numbers have an absolute value representing the distance (on a number line) from zero Fractions, decimals, and percents have equivalent/interchangeable values Ratios and rates show the numerical relationship between two elements Problem solving often requires the translation of English phrases into mathematical expressions Solving inequalities is similar to solving equations except that a range of numbers (shown on a number line) represents all possible solutions Data can be organized through measures of central tendency Appropriate data displays are chosen based on the characteristics of the data Steps for solving equations are ruled by specific properties and order of operations Transformations can be described with coordinate notation Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 1 Probability represents the likeliness that, given a set of outcomes, a favorable outcome will occur Materials & Texts Textbook: Math Course 2‐ Mc Dougal, Littell & Co. ‐ 2007 ed. Activities, Assignments, & Assessments 1. Number and Operation powers and exponents order of operations compare numbers decimal operations estimation scientific notation prime factorization greatest common factor least common multiple conversion: fractions, decimal, percent fraction operation integer operation rational & irrational numbers ratios percent of change Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 2 2. Algebra Evaluate variable expressions Use formulas Identity and inverse properties Distributive property Write expressions and equations Solve equations Solve inequalities Functions Solve proportions 3. Geometry and Measurement Perimeter and area Measure length, mass, capacity Convert measures Scale models and drawings Classify angles Classify polygons Identify congruent and similar figures Transformations Pythagorean theorem Circles 4. Data Analysis and Probability Mean, median, mode Make and interpret data displays Appropriate data displays Find outcomes Find probability Integer operation Rational & irrational numbers ratios percent of change Homework will be assigned on a daily basis. Grades will be based on quizzes and tests. In addition, teachers may use homework, group activities, and/or projects for grading purposes. The Radnor Middle School grading system and scale will be used to determine letter grades. UNIT: 1—Number Sense, Patterns, and Algebraic Thinking (Chapter 1) Common Core Standards 6.EE.1 Write and evaluate numerical expressions involving whole-number exponents. Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 3 6.EE.2 Write, read, and evaluate expressions in which letters stand for numbers. 6.EE.2a Write expressions that record operations with numbers and with letters standing for numbers. 6.EE.2b Identify parts of an expression using mathematical terms (sum, term, product, factor, quotient, coefficient); view one or more parts of an expression as a single entity. 6.EE.2c Evaluate expressions at specific values of their variables. Include expressions that arise from formulas used in real-world problems. Perform arithmetic operations, including those involving whole-number exponents, in the conventional order when there are no parentheses to specify a particular order (Order of Operations). 6.EE.3 Apply the properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions. 6.EE.4 Identify when two expressions are equivalent (i.e., when the two expressions name the same number regardless of which value is substituted into them). 6.EE.5 Understand solving an equation or inequality as a process of answering a question: which values from a specified set, if any, make the equation or inequality true? Use substitution to determine whether a given number in a specified set makes an equation or inequality true. 6.EE.6 Use variables to represent numbers and write expressions when solving a real-world or mathematical problem; understand that a variable can represent an unknown number, or, depending on the purpose at hand, any number in a specified set. Keystone Connections: STANDARDS 2.2.A1.C. Evaluate numerical expressions that include the four basic operations and operations of powers and roots, reciprocals, opposites, and absolute values. 2.8.A1.C. Identify and represent patterns algebraically and/or graphically. 2.5.A1.A. Develop a plan to analyze a problem, identify the information needed to solve the problem, carry out the plan, check whether an answer makes sense, and explain how the problem was solved in grade appropriate contexts. 2.8.A1.E. Use combinations of symbols and numbers to create expressions, equations, and inequalities in two or more variables, systems of equations, and inequalities, and functional Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 4 relationships that model problem situations. 2.8.A1.F. Interpret the results of solving equations, inequalities, systems of equations, and systems of inequalities in the context of the situation that motivated the model. Student Objectives: Chapter 1 gives students a foundation in describing patterns, introductory algebra concepts, and problem-solving skills that will be applied and further developed throughout the course. In this chapter, students describe patterns and use them to solve problems. Students also apply the order of operations to evaluate variable expressions involving powers and exponents and to solve equations. They use these skills to find the area of rectangles and to solve real-world problems. At the conclusion of this chapter, students should be able successfully complete the following skills: Describe patterns using whole number operations. Evaluate variable expressions. Write repeated multiplication using exponents. Evaluate powers. Evaluate expressions involving two or more operations Use mental math to solve an equation. Use formulas to find perimeter and area. Use a 4-step plan to solve many kinds of problems. Materials & Texts Larson, R., Boswell, L., Kanold, T., & Stiff, L. (2008). Math Course 2. Evanston, Il: McDougal Littell. Lesson Practice Sheets B, C Lesson Note Taking Sheets -1.1. 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 Activities, Assignments, & Assessments ACTIVITIES 1.1 Describing Patterns 1.2 Variables and Expressions 1.3 Powers and Exponents Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 5 1.4 Order of Operations 1.5 Equations and Mental Math 1.6 Perimeter and Area ASSIGNMENTS Lesson Practice Sheets C Associated Chapter exercises ASSESSMENTS Homework will be assigned on a daily basis. Grades will be based on quizzes and tests. In addition, teachers may use homework, group activities, and/or projects for grading purposes. The Radnor Middle School grading system and scale will be used to determine letter grades. Lesson Assessments/Quizzes Chapter Tests Terminology add, subtract, multiply, divide, variable expression, evaluate, power, base, exponent, order of operations, equation solutions, solving an equation, perimeter, area, sum, difference, product, quotient Media, Technology, Web Resources McDougal Littell Course 2 Easy Planner DVD ROM McDougal Littell Course 2 Power Presentations DVD ROM McDougal Littell ClassZone.com resources Teacher-developed smart-board documents Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 6 Decimal Operations Chapter 2 Standards from Curriculum Connector document M6.A.1.2-Compare quantities and/or magnitudes of numbers. M7.A.1.2-Compare quantities and/or magnitudes of numbers. Common Core Standards 6.NS.3 Fluently add, subtract, multiply, and divide multi-digit decimals using the standard algorithm for each operation 6.EE.1 Write and evaluate numerical expressions involving whole-number exponents. Keystone Connections: 2.1.6.B.Represent whole numbers, fractions, mixed numbers, decimals, and percents in equivalent forms. 2.1.6.D.Apply place value concepts to order and compare decimals; use the number line to order and compare decimals, fractions, and mixed numbers . 2.2.6.D. Estimate solutions of problems involving whole numbers and decimals and check the reasonableness of those estimates. Student Objectives: In this chapter students perform operations with decimals, including comparing and rounding decimals. Students then apply these skills to solving real-world problems involving scientific notation and metric measurements At the conclusion of this chapter, students should be able to successfully complete the following skills: Compare, order, and round decimals Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 7 Add and subtract decimals Multiply and divide decimals Read and write number using scientific notation Measure and estimate using metric units Convert between metric units Materials & Texts MATERIALS Larson, R., Boswell, L., Kanold, T., & Stiff, L. (2008). Math Course 2. Evanston II: McDougal Lesson Practice Sheets C Lesson Note taking Sheets - 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7 Littell. Activities, Assignments, & Assessments ACTIVITIES 2.1 Comparing, Ordering, and Rounding Decimals 2.2 Adding and Subtracting Decimals 2.3 Multiplying Decimals 2.4 Dividing Decimals 2.5 Scientific Notation 2.6 Measuring in Metric Units 2.7 Converting Metric Units ASSIGNMENTS Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 8 Lesson Practice Sheets B Associated Chapter exercises ASSESSMENTS Homework will be assigned on a daily basis. Grades will be based on quizzes and test. In addition, teachers may use homework, group activities, and/or projects for grading purposes. The Radnor Middle School grading system and scale will be used to determine letter grades. Lesson Assessments/quizzes Chapter tests Terminology Decimals Estimation Leading digit Quotient Divisor Dividend Compatible numbers Scientific notation metric system capacity units (L, mL) length units (m, mm, cm, km) mass units (g, mg, kg) Media, Technology, Web Resources Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 9 McDougall Littell Course 2 Easy Planner DVD ROM McDougall Littell Course 2 Power Presentations DVD ROM McDougall Littell www.classzone.com resources Teacher developed smart-board documents Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 10 Data and Statistics Chapter 3 Standards from Curriculum Connector document M6.A.1.2-Compare quantities and/or magnitudes of numbers. M7.A.1.2-Compare quantities and/or magnitudes of numbers. Common Core Standards 6.SP.1. Recognize a statistical question as one that anticipates variability in the data related to the question and accounts for it in the answers. 6.SP.2. Understand that a set of data collected to answer a statistical question has a distribution which can be described by its center, spread, and overall shape. 6.SP.3. Recognize that a measure of center for a numerical data set summarizes all of its values with a single number, while a measure of variation describes how its values vary with a single number 6.SP.4. Display numerical data in plots on a number line, including dot plots, histograms, and box plots. 6.SP.5. Summarize numerical data sets in relation to their context, such as by: a. Reporting the number of observations. b. Describing the nature of the attribute under investigation, including how it was measured and its units of measurement. c. Giving quantitative measures of center (median and/or mean) and variability (interquartile range and/or mean absolute deviation), as well as describing any overall pattern and any striking deviations from the overall pattern with reference to the context in which the data were gathered. d. Relating the choice of measures of center and variability to the shape of the data distribution and the context in which the data were gathered. Keystone Connections: 2.4.6.A Use models, properties, and relationships to draw conclusions and explain reasons for conclusions. 2.5.6.B. Use appropriate mathematical terms, vocabulary, language, symbols, and graphs to explain clearly and logically solutions to problems. 2.6.6.A.Gather data from a variety of appropriate sources. 2.6.6.B. Select an appropriate method to organize data; select an appropriate format to display data 2.6.6.C Select and use, as appropriate, the mean, median, mode, and/or range to describe sets of data. 2.6.6.E. Interpret data displayed in a table, histogram, graph, or data summarized by numerical measures. Student Objectives: In this chapter students study the mean, median, and mode of a data set, and how each of these values represents an average of the data. They then use bar graphs, line graphs, stem-and-leaf Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 11 plots, boxand-whisker plots, and histograms to display and analyze the distribution of the values in a data set. At the conclusion of this chapter, students should be able to successfully complete the following skills: Describe data using mean median and mode Make and interpret line and bar graph Display data using stem and leaf plots Display data using box and whisker plots Make and interpret histograms Chose an appropriate display for a data set Materials & Texts MATERIALS Larson, R., Boswell, L., Kanold, T., & Stiff, L. (2008). Math Course 2. Evanston II: McDougal Notetaking Sheet - 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, Practice Sheets B Littell. Activities, Assignments, & Assessments ACTIVITIES 3.1 Mean, Median, and Mode 3.2 Bar Graphs and Line Graphs 3.3 Stem-and-Leaf Plots 3.4 Box-and-Whisker Plots 3.5 Histograms Assignments Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 12 Lesson Practice Sheets B Associated Chapter exercises Assessments Homework will be assigned on a daily basis. Grades will be based on quizzes and test. In addition, teachers may use homework, group activities, and/or projects for grading purposes. The Radnor Middle School grading system and scale will be used to determine letter grades. Lesson Assessments/quizzes Chapter tests Project- Group data display presentations Terminology Media, Technology, Web Resources McDougall Littell Course 2 Easy Planner DVD ROM McDougall Littell Course 2 Power Presentations DVD ROM McDougall Littell www.classzone.com resources Teacher developed smart-board documents Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 13 Number Patterns and Fractions Chapter 4 Standards from Curriculum Connector Document M6.A.1.3-Apply number theory concepts (i.e., factors, multiples). M6.A.1.2-Compare quantities and/or magnitudes of numbers. M6.A.3.1-Apply estimation strategies to a variety of problems. M7.A.1.2-Compare quantities and/or magnitudes of numbers. M7.A.3.1-Apply estimation strategies to a variety of problems. M6.A.1.1-Express numbers in equivalent forms. M6.A.1.2-Compare quantities and/or magnitudes of numbers. M7.A.1.1-Express numbers in equivalent forms. M7.A.1.2-Compare quantities and/or magnitudes of numbers. Common Core Standards 6.NS. 2. Fluently divide multi-digit numbers using the standard algorithm. 6.NS. 3. Fluently add, subtract, multiply, and divide multi-digit decimals using the standard algorithm for each operation. 6.NS.4. Find the greatest common factor of two whole numbers less than or equal to 100 and the least common multiple of two whole numbers less than or equal to 12. Use the distributive property to express a sum of two whole numbers 1–100 with a common factor as a multiple of a sum of two whole numbers with no common factor. Keystone Connections: 2.1.6.B.Represent whole numbers, fractions, mixed numbers, decimals, and percents inequivalent forms. 2.1.6.C.Use models to represent the concept of equivalent forms of a fraction, decimal, and/or percent. 2.1.6.D.Apply place value concepts to order and compare decimals; use the number line to order and compare decimals, fractions, and mixed numbers. 2.1.6.E. Apply number theory concepts to calculate the GCF (Greatest Common Factor) and/or LCM (Least Common Multiple) of two numbers. 2.2.6.D. Estimate solutions of problems involving whole numbers and decimals and check the reasonableness of those estimates. Student Objectives: Students will find the greatest common factor and the least common multiple of two or more numbers. They compare and order fractions and mixed numbers, and also write fractions as decimals Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 14 and vice versa. At the conclusion of this chapter, students should be able to successfully complete the following skills: Write a number as a product of prime numbers Find the greatest common factor of two or more numbers Write equivalent fractions Find the LCM of two or more numbers Compare and order fractions Compare and order fractions and mixed numbers Write fractions as decimals and decimals as fractions Materials & Texts MATERIALS Larson, R., Boswell, L., Kanold, T., & Stiff, L. (2008). Math Course 2. Evanston II: McDougal Notetaking Sheet - 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7 Practice Sheets B Littell. Activities, Assignments, & Assessments ACTIVITIES 4.1 Prime Factorization 4.2 Greatest Common Factor 4.3 Equivalent Fractions 4.4 Least Common Multiple 4.5 Comparing and Ordering Fractions Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 15 4.6 Mixed Numbers and Improper Fractions 4.7 Fractions and Decimals ASSIGNMENTS Lesson Practice Sheets B Associated Chapter exercises ASSESSMENTS Homework will be assigned on a daily basis. Grades will be based on quizzes and test. In addition, teachers may use homework, group activities, and/or projects for grading purposes. The Radnor Middle School grading system and scale will be used to determine letter grades. Lesson Assessments/quizzes Chapter tests Terminology prime composite prime factorization factor tree greatest common factor (GCF) relatively prime fraction numerator denominator equivalent fractions simplest form multiple common multiple least commomn multiple (LCM) least common denominator (LCD) Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 16 mixed number proper fraction improper fraction terminating decimal Media, Technology, Web Resources McDougall Littell Course 2 Easy Planner DVD ROM McDougall Littell Course 2 Power Presentations DVD ROM McDougall Littell www.classzone.com resources Teacher developed smart-board documents Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 17 Fraction Operations Chapter 5 Standards from Curriculum Connector Document M6.A.3.1-Apply estimation strategies to a variety of problems. M6.A.3.2-Solve problems with and without the use of a calculator. M7.A.3.1-Apply estimation strategies to a variety of problems. M7.A.3.2-Compute accurately with and without use of a calculator. M6.A.1.2-Compare quantities and/or magnitudes of numbers. M7.B.1.1-Add or convert measurements. Common Core Standards Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to divide fractions by fractions. 6.NS.1. Interpret and compute quotients of fractions, and solve word problems involving division of fractions by fractions, e.g., by using visual fraction models and equations to represent the problem. Keystone Connections: 2.1.6.B. Represent whole numbers, fractions, mixed numbers, decimals, and percents in equivalent forms. 2.1.6.C. Use models to represent the concept of equivalent forms of a fraction,decimal, and/or percent. 2.2.6.B. Add, subtract, multiply, and divide whole numbers, decimals, fractions, and mixed numbers. 2.3.6.D. Perform basic conversions within the metric and within the customary systems 2.3.6.F. Estimate and verify measurements of length, perimeter, area, volume, capacity, temperature, time, weight, and angles. Student Objectives: Students add and subtract fractions and mixed numbers. They also multiply and divide fractions and mixed numbers, and they learn about customary units. At the conclusion of this chapter, students should be able to successfully complete the following skills: Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 18 Add and subtract fractions Add and subtract mixed numbers Multiply fractions and mixed numbers Divide fractions and mixed numbers Measure and estimate using customary units Convert between customary units Materials & Texts Larson, R., Boswell, L., Kanold, T., & Stiff, L. (2008). Math Course 2. Evanston II: McDougal Notetaking Sheet - 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6 Practice Sheets B Littell. Activities, Assignments, & Assessments ACTIVITIES 5.1 Adding and Subtracting Fractions 5.2 Adding and Subtracting Mixed Numbers 5.3 Multiplying Fractions and Mixed Numbers 5.4 Dividing Fractions and Mixed Numbers 5.5 Measuring in Customary Units (Click to see note) 5.6 Converting Customary Units ASSIGNMENTS Lesson Practice Sheets B Associated Chapter exercises ASSESSMENTS Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 19 Homework will be assigned on a daily basis. Grades will be based on quizzes and test. In addition, teachers may use homework, group activities, and/or projects for grading purposes. The Radnor Middle School grading system and scale will be used to determine letter grades. Lesson Assessments/quizzes Chapter tests Terminology least common denominator (LCD) mixed number improper fraction greatest common factor (GCF) mixed number improper fraction recriprocal U.S. customary lengths, weights, capacity conversions of customary units Media, Technology, Web Resources Media McDougall Littell Course 2 Easy Planner DVD ROM McDougall Littell Course 2 Power Presentations DVD ROM McDougall Littell www.classzone.com resources Teacher developed smart-board documents Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 20 Integers Chapter 6 Standards from Curriculum Connector Document M6.A.1.2-Compare quantities and/or magnitudes of numbers. M7.A.1.2-Compare quantities and/or magnitudes of numbers. M6.A.3.2-Solve problems with and without the use of a calculator. M7.A.3.2-Compute accurately with and without use of a calculator. M6.D.1.1-Create or extend patterns. M6.D.2.1-Select and/or use appropriate strategies to solve number sentences. M7.D.1.1-Recognize, reproduce, extend and/or describe patterns, sequences and relationships. M7.D.2.1-Select and/or use appropriate strategies to solve or represent equations or expressions. M6.A.1.2-Compare quantities and/or magnitudes of numbers. M7.A.1.2-Compare quantities and/or magnitudes of numbers. M6.C.3.1-Identify, plot, or match points given an ordered pair. M7.C.3.1-Locate and/or describe points on a coordinate plane. M7.D.3.1-Describe the relationship between two variables (e.g., time, temperature). Common Core Standards 6.NS.5. Understand that positive and negative numbers are used together to describe quantities having opposite directions or values (e.g., temperature above/below zero, elevation above/below sea level, credits/debits, positive/negative electric charge); use positive and negative numbers to represent quantities in real-world contexts, explaining the meaning of 0 in each situation. 6.NS.6. Understand a rational number as a point on the number line. Extend number line diagrams and coordinate axes familiar from previous grades to represent points on the line and in the plane with negative number coordinates. a. Recognize opposite signs of numbers as indicating locations on opposite sides of 0 on the number line; recognize that the opposite of the opposite of a number is the number itself, e.g., –(–3) = 3, and that 0 is its own opposite. b. Understand signs of numbers in ordered pairs as indicating locations in quadrants of the coordinate plane; recognize that when two ordered pairs differ only by signs, the locations of the points are related by reflections across one or both axes. c. Find and position integers and other rational numbers on a horizontal or vertical number line diagram; find and position pairs of integers and other rational numbers on a coordinate plane. 6.NS.7. Understand ordering and absolute value of rational numbers. a. Interpret statements of inequality as statements about the relative position of two numbers on a number line diagram. b. Write, interpret, and explain statements of order for rational numbers in real-world contexts. c. Understand the absolute value of a rational number as its distance from 0 on the number line; interpret absolute value as magnitude for a positive or negative quantity in a real-world situation d. Distinguish comparisons of absolute value from statements about order. 6.NS.8. Solve real-world and mathematical problems by graphing points in all four quadrants of the coordinate plane. Include use of coordinates and absolute value to find distances between points with the same first coordinate or the same second coordinate. 6.G.3Draw polygons in the coordinate plane given coordinates for the vertices; use coordinates to find the length of a side joining points with the same first coordinate or the same second coordinate. Apply these techniques in the context of solving real-world and Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 21 mathematical problems. Keystone Connections: 2.1.6.A.Model and compare values of whole numbers,mixed numbers,fractions, and decimals 2.1.6.F. Apply the associative, commutative, distributive and/or identity properties to write quivalent forms of expressions. 2.2.6.C. Apply the associative, commutative, distributive, and/or identity properties to evaluate numerical expressions. 2.8.6.A. Use the concept of equality to demonstrate understanding of the distributive property. 2.9.6.C. Identify on a 2- dimensional coordinate system the location of points with non-negative fractional or decimal coordinates; plot in a two-dimensional coordinate system a point represented by an ordered pair of nonnegative fractions, mixed numbers, or decimals. Student Objectives: Students compare and order integers and perform interger addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. The definition of rational numbers is discussed and then they graph points in the coordinate plane. At the conclusion of this chapter, students should be able to successfully complete the following skills: Compare and order integers Add integers Subtract integers Multiply integers Divide integers Perform operations on rational numbers Evaluate expressions using the distributive property Identify and plot points in a coordinate plane Materials & Texts Larson, R., Boswell, L., Kanold, T., & Stiff, L. (2008). Math Course 2. Evanston II: McDougal Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 Littell. 22 Notetaking Sheet - 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.7, 6.8 Practice Sheets B Activities, Assignments, & Assessments ACTIVITIES 6.1 Comparing and Ordering Integers 6.2 Adding Integers 6.3 Subtracting Integers 6.4 Multiplying Integers 6.5 Dividing Integers 6.7 The Distributive Property 6.8 The Coordinate Plane ASSIGNMENTS Lesson Practice Sheets B Associated Chapter exercises ASSESSMENTS Homework will be assigned on a daily basis. Grades will be based on quizzes and test. In addition, teachers may use homework, group activities, and/or projects for grading purposes. The Radnor Middle School grading system and scale will be used to determine letter grades. Lesson Assessments/quizzes Chapter tests Terminology integer negative integer Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 23 positive integer opposite absolute value opposite mean rational number additive identity multiplicative identidy additive inverse multiplicative inverse equivalent expression distributive property coordinate plane origin quadrant ordered pair x-coordinate y-coordinate scatter plot Media, Technology, Web Resources McDougall Littell Course 2 Easy Planner DVD ROM McDougall Littell Course 2 Power Presentations DVD ROM McDougall Littell www.classzone.com resources Teacher developed smart-board documents Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 24 Equations, Inequalities and Functions Chapter 7 Standards from Curriculum Connector Document M6.D.2.2-Create and/or interpret expressions or equations that model problem situations. M7.D.2.2-Create and/or interpret expressions, equations or inequalities that model problem situations. M6.D.2.1-Select and/or use appropriate strategies to solve number sentences. M6.D.2.2-Create and/or interpret expressions or equations that model problem situations. M7.D.2.1-Select and/or use appropriate strategies to solve or represent equations or expressions. M7.D.2.2-Create and/or interpret expressions, equations or inequalities that model problem situations. Common Core Standards 6.EE. 1. Write and evaluate numerical expressions involving whole-number exponents. 2. Write, read, and evaluate expressions in which letters stand for numbers. a. Write expressions that record operations with numbers and with letters standing for numbers. b. Identify parts of an expression using mathematical terms (sum, term, product, factor, quotient, coefficient); view one or more parts of an expression as a single entity. c. Evaluate expressions at specific values of their variables. Include expressions that arise from formulas used in real-world problems. Perform arithmetic operations, including those involving whole number exponents, in the conventional order when there are no parentheses to specify a particular order (Order of Operations). . 3. Apply the properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions. 4. Identify when two expressions are equivalent (i.e., when the two expressions name the same number regardless of which value is substituted into them). Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities. 5. Understand solving an equation or inequality as a process of answering a question: which values from a specified set, if any, make the equation or inequality true? Use substitution to determine whether a given number in a specified set makes an equation or inequality true. 6. Use variables to represent numbers and write expressions when solving a real-world or mathematical problem; understand that a variable can represent an unknown number, or, depending on the purpose at hand, any number in a specified set. 7. Solve real-world and mathematical problems by writing and solving equations of the form x + p = q and px = q for cases in which p, q and x are all nonnegative rational numbers. 8. Write an inequality of the form x > c or x < c to represent a constraint or condition in a real-world or mathematical problem. Recognize that inequalities of the form x > c or x < c have infinitely many solutions; represent solutions of such inequalities on number line diagrams. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables. 9. Use variables to represent two quantities in a real-world problem that change in relationship to one another; write an equation to express one quantity, thought of as the dependent variable, in terms of the other quantity, thought of as the independent variable. Analyze the relationship between the dependent and independent variables using graphs and tables, and relate these to the equation. Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 25 Keystone Connections: 2.1.6.F. Apply the associative, commutative, distributive and/or identity properties towrite equivalent forms of expressions. 2.8.6.B. Select and use strategies to solve number sentences (and inequalities) and explain the method of solution. 2.8.6.D. Determine a functional rule from a table or graph. 2.8.6.E.Use combinations of symbols and numbers to create expressions, equations, and inequalities that model mathematical situations. 2.8.6.F. Interpret the results of solving equations in one variable in the context of the situation that motivated the model. Student Objectives: Students write and simplify expressions, and solve equations and inequalities. They also use equations, tables, and graphs to represent functions. At the conclusion of this chapter, students should be able to successfully complete the following skills: Write variable expressions and equations Simplify variable expressions Solve addition and subtraction equations Solve multiplication and division equations Solve two step equations Write and solve inequalities Write and evaluate function rules Graph functions in a coordinate plane Materials & Texts Larson, R., Boswell, L., Kanold, T., & Stiff, L. (2008). Math Course 2. Evanston II: McDougal Littell. Notetaking Sheet - 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 26 Practice Sheets B Activities, Assignments, & Assessments ACTIVITIES 7.1 Writing Expressions and Equations 7.2 Simplifying Expressions 7.3 Solving Addition and Subtraction Equations 7.4 Solving Multiplication and Division Equations ASSIGNMENTS Lesson Practice Sheets B Associated Chapter exercises ASSESSMENTS Homework will be assigned on a daily basis. Grades will be based on quizzes and test. In addition, teachers may use homework, group activities, and/or projects for grading purposes. The Radnor Middle School grading system and scale will be used to determine letter grades. Lesson Assessments/quizzes Chapter tests Terminology verbal model terms like terms equivalent variable expressions coefficient constant term inverse operation Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 27 equivalent equations inverse operations inequality solution of an inequality graph of an inequality equivalent inequality function input output domain range linear function Media, Technology, Web Resources McDougall Littell Course 2 Easy Planner DVD ROM McDougall Littell Course 2 Power Presentations DVD ROM McDougall Littell www.classzone.com resources Teacher developed smart-board documents Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 28 Ratios and Proportions Chapter 8 Standards from Curriculum Connector Document M7.A.2.2-Solve problems using ratios, proportions, percents and/or rates. M7.A.2.2-Solve problems using ratios, proportions, percents and/or rates. M7.D.3.1-Describe the relationship between two variables (e.g., time, temperature). Common Core Standards 6.RP 1. Understand the concept of a ratio and use ratio language to describe a ratio relationship between two quantities. 2. Understand the concept of a unit rate a/b associated with a ratio a:b with b 0, and use rate language in the context of a ratio relationship. 3. Use ratio and rate reasoning to solve real-world and mathematical problems, e.g., by reasoning about tables of equivalent ratios, tape diagrams, double number line diagrams, or equations. a. Make tables of equivalent ratios relating quantities with whole number measurements, find missing values in the tables, and plot the pairs of values on the coordinate plane. Use tables to compare ratios. b. Solve unit rate problems including those involving unit pricing and constant speed. For example, if it took 7 hours to mow 4 lawns, then at that rate, how many lawns could be mowed in 35 hours? At what rate were lawns being mowed? c. Find a percent of a quantity as a rate per 100 (e.g., 30% of a quantity means 30/100 times the quantity); solve problems involving finding the whole, given a part and the percent. d. Use ratio reasoning to convert measurement units; manipulate and transform units appropriately when multiplying or dividing quantities. Keystone Connections: 2.1.6.C. Use models to represent the concept of equivalent forms of a fraction, decimal, and/or percent. 2.11.6.B. Describe the relationship between rates of change and another variable (e.g., time, temperature). Student Objectives: In this chapter, students learn about ratios, and extend this concept to rates and unit rates, and then to solving proportions, and to scale drawings. Students also explore the relationship between rate and the slope of a line. At the conclusion of this chapter, students should be able to successfully complete the following skills: Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 29 Write and compare rations Use rates to compare two quantities with different units Find the slope of a line Solve proportions using equivalent rations and algebra Solve proportions using cross products Use proportions with models Materials & Texts Larson, R., Boswell, L., Kanold, T., & Stiff, L. (2008). Math Course 2. Evanston II: McDougal Notetaking Sheet - 8.1, 8.2, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6 Practice Sheets B Littell. Activities, Assignments, & Assessments ACTIVITIES 8.1 Ratios 8.2 Rates 8.4 Writing and Solving Proportions 8.5 Solving Proportions Using Cross Products 8.6 Scale Drawings and Models ASSIGNMENTS Lesson Practice Sheets B Associated Chapter exercises ASSESSMENTS Homework will be assigned on a daily basis. Grades will be based on quizzes and test. In addition, Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 30 teachers may use homework, group activities, and/or projects for grading purposes. The Radnor Middle School grading system and scale will be used to determine letter grades. Lesson Assessments/quizzes Chapter tests Group Scale Modeling Project Terminology ratio equivalent ratio rate unit rate slope proportion cross product scale scale drawing scale model Media, Technology, Web Resources McDougall Littell Course 2 Easy Planner DVD ROM McDougall Littell Course 2 Power Presentations DVD ROM McDougall Littell www.classzone.com resources Teacher developed smart-board documents Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 31 Percents Chapter 9 Standards from Curriculum Connector Document M6.A.1.1-Express numbers in equivalent forms. M7.A.1.1-Express numbers in equivalent forms. M7.A.2.2-Solve problems using ratios, proportions, percents and/or rates. M6.E.1.1-Interpret data shown in frequency tables, histograms, circle, bar or double bar graphs, line or double line graphs or line plots. M7.E.1.1-Interpret data shown in complex data displays. M7.E.4.1-Draw conclusions and, make predictions based on data displays. Common Core Standards 6.RP 1. Understand the concept of a ratio and use ratio language to describe a ratio relationship between two quantities. 2. Understand the concept of a unit rate a/b associated with a ratio a:b with b 0, and use rate language in the context of a ratio relationship. 3. Use ratio and rate reasoning to solve real-world and mathematical problems, e.g., by reasoning about tables of equivalent ratios, tape diagrams, double number line diagrams, or equations. a. Make tables of equivalent ratios relating quantities with wholenumber measurements, find missing values in the tables, and plot the pairs of values on the coordinate plane. Use tables to compare ratios. b. Solve unit rate problems including those involving unit pricing and constant speed. For example, if it took 7 hours to mow 4 lawns, then at that rate, how many lawns could be mowed in 35 hours? At what rate were lawns being mowed? c. Find a percent of a quantity as a rate per 100 (e.g., 30% of a quantity means 30/100 times the quantity); solve problems involving finding the whole, given a part and the percent. d. Use ratio reasoning to convert measurement units; manipulate and transform units appropriately when multiplying or dividing quantities. Keystone Connections: 2.7.6.C. Express the probability of a simple event as a fraction, decimal, and percent. Student Objectives: Students will be examine the relationships among fractions, decimals and percents. They will use these skills to draw circle graphs. Students will also apply their knowledge of percents to solving percent problems, including discounts, markups, sales tax, tips and simple interest. At the conclusion of this chapter, students should be able to successfully complete the following Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 32 skills: Use a fraction to find the percent of a number Use proportions to solve percent problems Write percents as decimals and decimals as percents Use equations to solve percent problems Use percents to interpret and make circle graphs Find a percent of change in a quantity Find discounts, markups, sales tax, and tips Calculate simple interest Materials & Texts Larson, R., Boswell, L., Kanold, T., & Stiff, L. (2008). Math Course 2. Evanston II: McDougal Notetaking Sheet - 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4 Practice Sheets B Littell. Activities, Assignments, & Assessments ACTIVITIES 9.1 Percents and Fractions 9.2 Percents and Proportions 9.3 Percents and Decimals 9.4 The Percent Equation ASSIGNMENTS Lesson Practice Sheets B Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 33 Associated Chapter exercises ASSESSMENTS Homework will be assigned on a daily basis. Grades will be based on quizzes and test. In addition, teachers may use homework, group activities, and/or projects for grading purposes. The Radnor Middle School grading system and scale will be used to determine letter grades. Lesson Assessments/quizzes Chapter tests Terminology percent "per hundred" proportion a/b = p/100 decimal percent equation a = p·b circle ray angle vertex degrees percent change percent increase percent decrease discount markup tip sales tax interest principal Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 34 simple list annual interest rate balance Media, Technology, Web Resources McDougall Littell Course 2 Easy Planner DVD ROM McDougall Littell Course 2 Power Presentations DVD ROM McDougall Littell www.classzone.com resources Teacher developed smart-board documents Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 35 Geometric Figures Chapter 10 Standards from Curriculum Connector Document M6.C.1.1-Define and/or use basic properties of triangles, quadrilaterals, pentagons, hexagons, heptagons, octagons, nonagons, decagons and circles. M7.C.1.1-Define and/or apply basic properties of two- and three-dimensional geometric shapes. M6.C.1.2-Represent and/or use concepts and relationships of lines and line segments. M7.A.2.2-Solve problems using ratios, proportions, percents and/or rates. M7.C.1.2-Identify congruence and/or similarity in polygons. Common Core Standards 6.G. 1. Find the area of right triangles, other triangles, special quadrilaterals, and polygons by composing into rectangles or decomposing into triangles and other shapes; apply these techniques in the context of solving real-world and mathematical problems. Keystone Connections: 2.3.6.B. Use appropriate units to measure perimeter, area, and volume; use a protractor to measure angles between 0 and 180 degrees. 2.3.6.C. Use given measurements to calculate a missing length, perimeter, area, and/or volume; calculate elapsed time across am/pm and across days 2.3.6.F. Estimate and verify measurements of length, perimeter, area, volume, capacity, temperature, time, weight, and angles. 2.9.6.A. Identify, define, label, and/or describe properties of 1-, 2-, and 3- dimensional shapes and their related parts, and classify and compare 2- and 3- dimensional shapes on the basis of their properties. 2.9.6.B. Predict and describe the result of a translation (slide), rotation (turn), or reflection (flip) of a 2dimensional shape. 2.10.6.A. Identify and compare parts of right triangles, including right angles, acute angles, hypotenuses, and legs. Student Objectives: Students explore angles, triangles, and polygons. They investigate congruent and similar polygons. Finally, students study three types of transformations: translations, reflections, and rotations. At the conclusion of this chapter, students should be able to successfully complete the following Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 36 skills: Classify angles by their measures Identify special pairs of angles and types of lines Classify triangles Classify quadrilaterals and other polygons Use properties of similar and congruent polygons Use similar triangles to find lengths Identify transformations and symmetry in figures Graph transformation in a coordinate plane Materials & Texts Larson, R., Boswell, L., Kanold, T., & Stiff, L. (2008). Math Course 2. Evanston II: McDougal Notetaking Sheet - 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.7 Practice Sheets B Littell. Activities, Assignments, & Assessments ACTIVITIES 10.1 Angles 10.2 Special Pairs of Angles 10.3 Triangles 10.4 Polygons 10.7 Transformations and Symmetry Note: Translations, rotations, and reflections are 5th grade assessment anchors (M5.C.2.1) and are not assessed beyond grade 5. This chapter can be deemphasized or skipped. (Cannella, 3/13/09) ASSIGNMENTS Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 37 Lesson Practice Sheets B Associated Chapter exercises ASSESSMENTS Homework will be assigned on a daily basis. Grades will be based on quizzes and test. In addition, teachers may use homework, group activities, and/or projects for grading purposes. The Radnor Middle School grading system and scale will be used to determine letter grades. Lesson Assessments/quizzes Chapter tests Terminology acute angle right angle straight angle obtuse angle supplementary angle complementary angle adjacent angle vertical angle congruent angle corresponding angle intersect parallel perpendicular acute triangle obtuse triangle right triangle congruent sides equilateral triangle isoceles triangle scalene triangle quadrilateral trapezoid Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 38 parallelogram rhombus polygon pentagon hexagon heptagon octagon diagonal similar polygon congruent polygon proportion cross product similar polygons image transformation reflection rotation line of reflection center of refllection angle of reflection line of rotational symmetry coordinate plane Media, Technology, Web Resources McDougall Littell Course 2 Easy Planner DVD ROM McDougall Littell Course 2 Power Presentations DVD ROM McDougall Littell www.classzone.com resources Teacher developed smart-board documents Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 39 Measurement and Area Chapter 11 Standards from Curriculum Connector Document M6.B.2.2-Solve problems involving length, perimeter, area and/or volume of geometric figures. M7.B.2.1-Develop, use and/or describe measures of length, perimeter, circumference, area or volume. M6.B.2.2-Solve problems involving length, perimeter, area and/or volume of geometric figures. M6.C.1.1-Define and/or use basic properties of triangles, quadrilaterals, pentagons, hexagons, heptagons, octagons, nonagons, decagons and circles. M7.B.2.1-Develop, use and/or describe measures of length, perimeter, circumference, area or volume. M7.C.1.1-Define and/or apply basic properties of two- and three-dimensional geometric shapes. Common Core Standards 6.G 1. Find the area of right triangles, other triangles, special quadrilaterals, and polygons by composing into rectangles or decomposing into triangles and other shapes; apply these techniques in the context of solving real-world and mathematical problems. Student Objectives: The study of square roots will lead to a discussion and use of Pythagorean theorem. Students will also apply the area formulas for parallelograms, triangles, trapezoids, and circles to solve real world problems. At the conclusion of this chapter, students should be able to successfully complete the following skills: Evaluate expressions involving square roots Approximate square roots of numbers Find the length of a side of a right triangle Find the areas of parallelograms Find the areas of triangles and trapezoids Find the circumference of circles Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 40 Find the areas of circles Materials & Texts Larson, R., Boswell, L., Kanold, T., & Stiff, L. (2008). Math Course 2. Evanston II: McDougal Notetaking Sheet - 11.6, 11.7 Practice Sheets B Littell. Activities, Assignments, & Assessments ACTIVITIES 11.6 Circumference of a Circle 11.7 Area of a Circle ASSIGNMENTS Lesson Practice Sheets B Associated Chapter exercises ASSESSMENTS Homework will be assigned on a daily basis. Grades will be based on quizzes and test. In addition, teachers may use homework, group activities, and/or projects for grading purposes. The Radnor Middle School grading system and scale will be used to determine letter grades. Lesson Assessments/quizzes Chapter tests Terminology square root perfect square square number Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 41 radical expression irrational number real number right triangle hypoteneuse legs Pythagorean Theorem base of a parallelogram height of a parallelogram base of a triangle height of a triangle base of a trapezoid height of a trapezoid circle center radius diameter circumference radius diameter Media, Technology, Web Resources McDougall Littell Course 2 Easy Planner DVD ROM McDougall Littell Course 2 Power Presentations DVD ROM McDougall Littell www.classzone.com resources Teacher developed smart-board documents Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 42 Probability Chapter 13 Standards from Curriculum Connector Document M6.E.3.1-Determine all possible combinations, outcomes and/or calculate the probability of a simple event. M7.E.3.1-Determine or calculate theoretical or experimental probability. M7.E.4.1-Draw conclusions and, make predictions based on data displays. Common Core Standards 6.SP.1. Recognize a statistical question as one that anticipates variability in the data related to the question and accounts for it in the answers. 6.SP. 5. Summarize numerical data sets in relation to their context, such as by: a. Reporting the number of observations. Keystone Connections: 2.7.6.A. Collect data and estimate the likelihood of outcomes of an event. 2.7.6.C. Express the probability of a simple event as a fraction, decimal, and percent. 2.7.6.D. List the possible outcomes for two independent events and compare the outcomes 2.7.6.E. Find and interpret the experimental probability of an outcome of a simple event. Student Objectives: In this chapter, students learn how to count the possible outcomes of an experiment using tree diagrams and the counting principle. They then study permutations and combinations, including learning the formulas for calculating the number of permutations and combinations for an event. Students also examine methods for calculating the probability of events, including dependent and independent events. At the conclusion of this chapter, students should be able to successfully complete the following skills: Find probabilities Use a tree diagram to find all possible outcomes Use the counting principle to count outcomes Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 43 Use permutations and combinations Find the probability that either of two events occurs Find the probability of compound events Materials & Texts Larson, R., Boswell, L., Kanold, T., & Stiff, L. (2008). Math Course 2. Evanston II: McDougal Notetaking Sheet - 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4 Practice Sheets B Littell. Activities, Assignments, & Assessments ACTIVITIES 13.1 Introduction to Probability 13.2 Tree Diagrams 13.3 The Counting Principle 13.4 Permutations and Combinations ASSIGNMENTS Lesson Practice Sheets B Associated Chapter exercises ASSESSMENT Homework will be assigned on a daily basis. Grades will be based on quizzes and test. In addition, teachers may use homework, group activities, and/or projects for grading purposes. The Radnor Middle School grading system and scale will be used to determine letter grades. Lesson Assessments/quizzes Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 44 Chapter tests Terminology outcomes event favorable outcomes probability theoretical probability experimental probability tree diagram outcome event probability permutation combination disjoint events overlapping events complimentary events compound events independent events dependent events Media, Technology, Web Resources McDougall Littell Course 2 Easy Planner DVD ROM McDougall Littell Course 2 Power Presentations DVD ROM McDougall Littell www.classzone.com resources Teacher developed smart-board documents Modified 6/20/2011 Math, Course 2 45