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Section 1.6: The Coordinate Plane
Distance, Midpoint, and Graphing
• Distance is amount of space from one place or object to another.
–
Knowing the distance could be useful when getting gas for your car so you know how many
gallons of gas to get for a certain number of miles.
• Midpoint is the middle of two points.
–
Knowing the midpoint of something can be useful when you want to meet someone half way. If
you and your friend’s house is 1000 meters away from each other, you can meet them halfway,
which is 500 meters. (You can also use landscapes instead of measuring).
1000 meters
500 meters
• Graphing on a coordinate plane can be used to show the change of something.
–
Graphing can come in handy when you want to show the production of a company’s sales over a
certain time period.
Chapter 1-7: Perimeter, Circumference, & Area
•
•
•
Perimeter- the sum of all the lengths and sides of a polygon
Area- the # of square units a polygon encloses
Circumference- perimeter of a circle
Real World: Knowing the perimeter,
circumference, or area of something can come in handy
when baking a cake that needs to be a certain size. For
example, if it needs to be round and about 36 inches
around, you might need to measure the diameter of the
pan to get it right.
4 in.
A= s²
s
b
h
h
C= 3.14(12)
C= 37.68
P= 4s
s
P= 2b+2h A= bh
b
d=12 in
4 in.
d=12 in
r
Also, if you need a picture frame for your picture, you need to know
the perimeter of your picture so you know what size your frame needs
to be.
h
C= πd
d
A= πr²
C
P= 2(4) + 2(8)
P= 24 in.
Inside of frame needs to be
24 in.
4 in
8 in
Finally, knowing the area of something would be helpful when creating a banner for something. If you need to make
a banner that is 3 feet by 4 feet, you would need to know the area so you know how much material to get.
40 in
A= 40(12)
A=480 in. of material
12 in
Section 2.1-2.2: Conditional Statements
•
A conditional is an if-then statement. (hypothesis-conclusion)
– If you get 2 pretzels, then you get a free drink.
Free!
+
•
=
A biconditional is when a conditional and it’s converse are true. (if and only if, or IFF)
– Parents might say, “You can go out with your friends if and only if you get a 90 or higher on
your math project.”
=
2-5: Angle Pairs
•
Vertical angles are two angles whose sides form two pairs of opposite rays.
•
Adjacent angles are two coplanar angles with a common side, a common vertex, and no common
interior points.
•
Complementary angles have a sum of 90°.
•
Supplementary angles have a sum of 180°.
Section 3.2: Angle Pairs Formed by Parallel
Lines/ Proving Lines Parallel
•
•
•
•
•
ab
c
Transversal- a line that intersects 2 coplanar lines at 2 distinct points. It forms 8 angles.
Same-side interior angles are supplementary.
2 lines are parallel if there are congruent: corresponding angles, alternate interior angles, & sameside interior angles.
2 lines are parallel to each other if they are parallel to the same line.
If two lines are perpendicular to the same line, they are parallel to each other.
a
b
Transversal
l
c
Same-side interior
l
m
n
l
m
∠1
∠2
∠4
∠3
n
Corresponding angles
are parallel
l
m
Alternate interior angles
are parallel
∠1
∠2
n
l
m
∠1
∠4
∠2
n
If ∠ 1
≅
, l ||m
∠2
If ∠2 & ∠4 are
supplementary, l ||m
Section 3.3: Triangle and Polygon Classification
All angles are
congruent.
All sides congruent.
All angles are acute.
(<90°)
At least 2 sides congruent.
One obtuse angle.
(>90°)
One right angle.
(90°)
4-sided
Square
5-sided
Pentagon
6-sided
Hexagon
7- sided
Heptagon
8-sided
Octagon
9-sided
Nonagon
10-sided
Decagon
12-sided
Dodecagon
No sides congruent.
hexagon
Section 3.4: The Polygon AngleSum Theorems
•
•
Angle Sum Theorem The sum of the measures of an n-gon is: (n-2)180
Polygon Exterior Angle-Sum Theorem The sum of the measures of the exterior
angles of a polygon, one at each vertex, is 360.
∠1
∠8
Exterior angle sum: m∠1, ∠ 2,
∠3, ∠4, ∠5, ∠6, ∠7, & ∠8= 360°.
∠2
Angle sum: (8-2)180=1080
∠7
∠3
∠6
∠4
∠5
Section 4.1: Congruent Figures
•
Congruent polygons have matching sides, angles, and vertices.
B
A
D
C
X
W
Y
Z
A corresponds to Y.
AB corresponds to YZ.
B corresponds to Z.
AC corresponds to YW.
C corresponds to W.
BD corresponds to ZX.
D corresponds to X.
CD corresponds to WX.
∠ A corresponds to ∠ Y.
∠ B corresponds to ∠ Z.
∠ C corresponds to ∠ W.
∠ D corresponds to ∠ X.
ABCD ≅ YZWX
4-5: Isosceles & Equilateral Triangle
Properties
Isosceles
•
•
•
•
Congruent sides of an isosceles triangle are its legs, which form the vertex angle
Base is the other side. Other two angles are the base angles.
If two sides of a triangle are congruent, then the angles and sides opposite those are
congruent.
The bisector of the vertex angle is the perpendicular bisector of the base.
Vertex Angle
C
Base
A
Scalene
•If a triangle is equilateral, it is equiangular.
•If a triangle is equiangular, it is equilateral.
D
B
Base Angles