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Appendix A: Subject Look-Up Table The Subject groups are an artificial classification system designed to aid in the filtering of data for queries. In some cases an indicator may fit into multiple categories. For example: Macroinvertebrate indices may be classified under “Freshwater Macroinvertebrates” or under “Water Quality”, or under physical subject group one may classify an indicator by a environmental condition classification like “ocean condition”, which may also be classified under “Water Quality: Temperature” or “Water Quality: Nutrients” . Some Subject groups may be further broken down into further subject groups which are preceded by the subject and a colon. Subject Group: Biological Amphibians: The study of Amphibians (class Amphibia), such as frogs, toads, salamanders, newts, and gymnophiona, are cold-blooded animals that metamorphose from a juvenile, waterbreathing form to an adult, air-breathing form. Annelids: the annelids include earthworms, polychaete worms, and leeches. Birds: the study of birds (class Aves) waterfowl, seabirds, shorebirds or other classifications of bipedal, endothermic (warm-blooded), vertebrate animals that lay eggs. Fish: the study of Fish, which are aquatic vertebrate animals that are typically ectothermic (previously cold-blooded), covered with scales, and equipped with two sets of paired fins and several unpaired fins. Insects: Insects (Class Insecta) are a major group of arthropods and the most diverse group of animals on the Earth. Cross-reference with Macroinvertebrates(Freshwater). Macroinvertebrates: The term macroinvertebrates is traditionally used to refer to aquatic invertebrates including insects (e.g. larval Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera), crustaceans (e.g. amphipods), molluscs (e.g. aquatic snails) and worms (e.g. Platyhelminthes), which inhabit a river channel, pond, lake, wetland or ocean and that are visible to the naked eye (often, greater than 0.5 mm in diameter). Macroinvertebrates(Freshwater): The term macroinvertebrates is traditionally used to refer to aquatic invertebrates including insects (e.g. larval Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera), molluscs (e.g. aquatic snails or clams), and worms (e.g. Platyhelminthes), which inhabit a river channel, pond, lake, or wetlands and that are visible to the naked eye (often, greater than 0.5 mm in diameter). Cross-reference with Insects Macroinvertebrates (Marine): Marine macroinvertebrates is traditionally used to refer to aquatic invertebrates including crustaceans (e.g. amphipods), molluscs (e.g. clams or aquatic snails), Sponges, Corals, jellyfish, and worms (e.g. annelida), which inhabit a saline environments like the ocean estuary or nearshore. This subject may be cross-referenced with plankton. Mammals: the study of mammals (class Mammalia), which are a class of vertebrate animals characterized by the presence of sweat glands, including sweat glands modified for milk production, hair, three middle ear bones used in hearing, and a neocortex region in the brain. Mollusks: a group of freshwater and saltwater animal invertebrate species that are a member of the Phylum Mollusca with no skeleton and usually one or two hard shells made of calcium carbonate. Includes the oyster, clam, mussel, snail, conch, scallop, squid, and octopus. Plankton: Plankton consist of any drifting organisms (animals, plants, archaea, or bacteria) that inhabit the pelagic zone of oceans, seas, or bodies of fresh water. Plankton are defined by their ecological niche rather than their genetic classification, which are often, smaller than 0.5 mm in diameter. Plankton are primarily divided into broad functional (or trophic level) groups: - Phytoplankton (from Greek phyton, or plant), autotrophic, prokaryotic or eukaryotic algae that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. Among the more important groups are the diatoms, cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates. - Zooplankton (from Greek zoon, or animal), small protozoans or metazoans (e.g. crustaceans and other animals) that feed on other plankton and telonemia. Some of the eggs and larvae of larger animals, such as fish, crustaceans, and annelids, are included here. - Bacterioplankton, bacteria and archaea, which play an important role in remineralising organic material down the water column (note that the prokaryotic phytoplankton are also bacterioplankton). Cross reference with “Marine Macroinvertebrates” Pathogens/Disease: A pathogen is an infectious agent, or more commonly germ, is a biological agent that causes disease or illness to its host. A disease is an abnormal condition of an organism that impairs bodily functions and can be deadly. Reptiles: the study of reptiles, or members of the class Reptilia, are air-breathing, cold-blooded vertebrates that have skin covered in scales as opposed to hair or feathers. Species: the study of a collection of multiple species classes or biological subjects in aggregate. Examples for this subject typically include biodiversity and invasive. Species (Inavisve or Exotic): An introduced species (also known as naturalized species or exotic species) is an organism that is not indigenous to a given location but instead has been accidentally or deliberately introduced to a new location by human activity or by natural means. Tissues or Cellular: Tissue is a cellular organizational level intermediate between cells and a complete organism. Hence, a tissue is an ensemble of cells, not necessarily identical, but from the same origin, that together carry out a specific function. Organs are then formed by the functional grouping together of multiple tissues. The study of tissue is known as histology or, in connection with disease, histopathology. Vegetation/Plants: Plants are living organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. They include familiar organisms such as trees, herbs, bushes, grasses, vines, ferns, mosses, and green algae. Water Quality (Biological): is the study of biological characteristics of water in relationship to a set of standards. In the United States, Water Quality Standards are created by state agencies for different types of water bodies and water body locations per desired uses. The primary uses considered for such characterization are parameters which relate to drinking water, safety of human contact, and for health of ecosystems. Biological assessments evaluate micro organisms (fecal coliform bacteria (Escherichia coli), Cryptosporidium, and Giardia lamblia etc.) and freshwater macroinvertebrate assemplages. (A new evolution in this field may study ocean species assemblages for ocean conditions) Cross-reference with the subject Freshwater macroinvertebrate or ocean conditions Other: Classification used to define studies not currently fitting into the subject groups provided Subject Group: Physical Climate/Weather: Climate encompasses the temperatures, humidity, rainfall, atmospheric particle count and numerous other meteorogical factors in a given region over long periods of time, as opposed to weather, which refers to current activity. Climate/Weather (Air Temperature) The study of atmospheric temperature Climate/Weather (Precipitation) The study of atmospheric water vapor including clouds, rainfall or snow. Climate/Weather (Wind) The study of wind is the flow of air or other gases that compose an atmosphere, which may study directionality, duration or intensity. Environmental Condition: The quality and quantity of habitat attributes by a habitat classification type Hydrology/Water Quantity: The study of the overland, underground or instream flow or use of water. Cross reference with “Environmental Conditions” Light: Studies of the intensity, frequency/wavelength or polarization of electromagnetic radiation: Cross reference with “Environmental Conditions” Sediment/Substrate/Soils: Study of conditions of unconsolidated sediment, soils or substrate. Sediment is any particulate matter that can be transported by fluid flow and which eventually is deposited as a layer of solid particles on the bed or bottom of a body of water or other liquid. Soil is the naturally occurring, unconsolidated or loose covering of broken rock particles and decaying organic matter on the surface of the Earth. Cross reference with “Environmental Conditions” an Cross reference with “Toxics/Pollutants/Contaminants: Sediment” Water Quality (Temperature): is the physical, characteristics of water in relationship to a set of standards. In the United States, Water Quality Standards are created by state agencies for different types of water bodies and water body locations per desired uses. The primary uses considered for such characterization are parameters which relate to drinking water, safety of human contact, and for health of ecosystems. Physical assessments evaluate water Temperature. Cross reference with “Environmental Conditions” Water Quality (Sediment): is the physical, characteristics of water in relationship to a set of standards. In the United States, Water Quality Standards are created by state agencies for different types of water bodies and water body locations per desired uses. The primary uses considered for such characterization are parameters which relate to drinking water, safety of human contact, and for health of ecosystems. Physical assessments evaluate water total suspended solids and turbidity. Subject Group: Chemical Air Quality: The study of particulate matter in the atmosphere typically related to particulates of pollutants. Cross Reference with Toxics/Pollutants/Contaminants (Air Quality) Toxicity/Pollutants/Contaminants: Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the physical systems or living organisms they are in. Toxicity is a measure of the degree to which something is toxic or poisonous. Toxics/Pollutants/Contaminants (Air Quality): Cross Reference with Air Quality Toxics/Pollutants/Contaminants (Biota/Tissues): the study of the degree of toxicity or concentration of contaminants in biological substances. Toxics/Pollutants/Contaminants (Sediment Concentration): the study of the degree of toxicity or concentration of contaminants in sediment or substrate. Toxics/Pollutants/Contaminants (Water Concentration): the study of the degree of toxicity or concentration of Pharmaceuticals, Pesticide, industrial pollutants, heavy metals and other contaminants in water column or in aqueous solution. Water Quality (pH, DO, N, P, BOD, COD, Conductivity, Salinity) is the physical, biological and chemical characteristics of water in relationship to a set of standards. In the United States, Water Quality Standards are created by state agencies for different types of water bodies and water body locations per desired uses. The primary uses considered for such characterization are parameters which relate to drinking water, safety of human contact, and for health of ecosystems. The basic chemical assessments evaluate pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Phosphates, Nitrates. Conductivity, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand and salinity. Pharmaceuticals, Pesticide, industrial pollutants, heavy metals and other contaminants are in another category. Water Quality (Toxics/Pollutants/Contaminants): the study of the degree of toxicity or concentration of Pharmaceuticals, Pesticide, industrial pollutants, heavy metals and other contaminants in water column or in aqueous solution. Cross reference with “Toxics/Pollutants/Contaminants (Water Concentration)” Subject Group (Implementation Management): Refers to attributes used to describe implementation monitoring associated with the actions, programs and projects. Action Definition: Actions produce a command to be executed from a recovery plan or biological opinion. That command for our purposes is transformed into an activity/task which is then linked to a site specific project. Recovery plan actions fit into the following categories: Program Definition – a name that refers to a collection of projects using a consistent set of protocols to collect monitoring data for sites in multiple geographic locations in response to a research question, or to meet an agency mission or mandate. Project Definition – a name that refers to a collection of monitoring sites in a specific geographic location (e.g., subbasin, watershed, reach) for which monitoring data will be collected using one or more specified (approved?) protocols. Cross Reference with the Action, Program and Pproject Schema (Section 9) Implementation & Compliance Action Type Project Type Status Funders Cost Subject Group (Location Data): Subject Group (Limiting Factors): Limiting Factor Name Limiting Factor Definition Limiting Factor Alternate Wording Impairment Category Impairment Category Definition Impairment Category Alternate Wording Sediment Conditions Reduction of the quantity or quality of spawning habitat due to changes to the background (natural) quantity, rate, and size of sediment inputs to the stream system. Sediment, Stream Spawning Habitat, Beach Spawning Habitat (lake), Substrate, Benthic Habitat Decreases in the amount of sediment discharged to the stream system resulting in the loss of spawning habitat. Increased Sediment Quantity Increases in the amount of sediment discharged to the stream system resulting in the loss of spawning habitat. Sediment Quality Changes to the ratios and the size (increases or decreases) of sediment discharged to the stream system resulting in the loss of spawning habitat. Embeddedness, Sediment Size Ratio Direct exposure to toxic substance in the water column. Short-term Toxicity, Stormwater Discharge, Outfalls, Wastewater, Nonpoint Source Pollution, Spills, Marine Debris, Point Source Pollution, Copper , Mercury, PCBs, Water Toxic Contaminants Exposure to chemical substances capable of causing sub-lethal or lethal impacts. Biota Sediments Interspecific Competition Species Interactions Increased competition, predation or disease: negative effects due to biological interactions. Invasive Species, Invasive Species Effects, Competition, Predation, Carrying Capacity, Disease Bank erosion, Sediment Quantity, Substrate Quantity, Scour, Entrenchment, Loss of Spawning Habitat Bank erosion, Sediment Quantity, Substrate Quantity, Excessive Sedimentation, Aggradation Decreased Sediment Quantity Intraspecific Competition Predation Persistent toxic substances in the bodies of plants and animals that are concentrated as they are consumed and move to the next trophic level . Also includes nonpersistent toxics found in biota that increase likelihood of mortality. Toxic substances found in the sediments that harm infaunal creatures, alter ecological relationships and (if disturbed) may enter the food web. Introduced or native organisms that compete for food resources or suitable habitat with native salmonids. Increased within-species competition for food resources or suitable habitat due to reduced habitat quantity and quality. Introduced predators that prey upon native salmonids, or changes to the habitat that increase native predator numbers or increase predator success. Bioaccumulation Toxicity, PBDEs, PCBs, Oil, Organochlorides , Pesticides Sediment Contamination, Contaminated Sediments, Invasive/Exotic Fish, Invasive/Exotic Invertebrates Hatchery Fish Altered habitat, Invasive/Exotic Plants, Hatchery Fish Invasive/Exotic Fish or Invertebrate Predators Native Fish, Native Bird, Native Pinnipeds Pathogens Directed Anthropogenic Mortality Marine FoodWeb Interactions Habitat Quantity Loss or impairment of physical, chemical, or biological connectivity between: waterway main channels or off-channel habitats (e.g. sidechannels, oxbow lakes, wetlands, floodplains, hyporheic flows); estuaries, mainstem rivers, or tributaries; migratory, spawning, or rearing habitats; or between patches of high-quality habitat. Includes partial or ephemeral impediments to connectivity. Spatial Stucture: Habitat Carrying Capacity, Habitat Productivity Floodplain, Peripheral Habitat, Access, Access to SideChannels, Dikes, Flap Gates, Levees, Tidal Gates, Culverts, Obstacles, Barriers Spatial Distribution Roughness Habitat Quality Decline in the complexity and composition of available instream, estuarine, or nearshore habitats. Habitat Structure, Habitat Complexity, Instream Habitat Geomorphology Water Quality Degraded chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water with respect to its suitability for a salmon, excluding toxins and pathogens. Temperature Introduction of disease causing organisms, or increases in disease probability. The decrease in abundance from directed anthropogenic mortality of listed species, which directly reduces species viability. Alteration of nutrient or productivity dynamics affecting the quantity and/or species composition (i.e., quality) of detritus, zooplankton and forage-fish prey resulting in insufficient food available for growing salmonids. Loss or impairment of physical, or biological connectivity between: waterway main channels or off-channel habitats (e.g., side-channels, oxbow lakes, wetlands, floodplains, hyporheic flows); estuaries, mainstem rivers, or tributaries; migratory, spawning, or rearing habitats; or between patches of high-quality habitat. Includes partial or ephemeral impediments to connectivity. Degradation or removal of natural organic features (e.g., LWD, eelgrass) or inorganic features (e.g., boulders, reefs) that alters the circulation or flow of water, or that decreases the quality, complexity, structure, or variety of available habitat. Degradation or alteration of water body geomorphological characteristics (e.g., depth, width, pool/riffle/glide composition) that decreases the quality, complexity, structure, or variety of available habitat. Deviations in water temperature sufficient to induce adverse effects in listed salmonids either in Reduced Macrodetrital Inputs, Reduced Microdetrital Inputs, Macroinvertebrates, Decreased Primary Productivity, Carcasses, Ocean Condirtions Floodplain, Peripheral Habitat, Access, Access to Side-Channels, Dikes, Flap Gates, Levees, Tidal Gates, Culverts, Obstacles, Barriers Loss of Instream LWD, Loss of Beaver Ponds, Loss of Pool Habitats, Reef Degradation, Eelgrass, Boulders, Kelp Forest Degradation, Channel Roughness, Bank Hardening, Channel Incision, Channelized, Armoring, Bridge Crossings, Diking, Width-to-Depth Ratio, Pool Frequency and Volume, Confinement intensity or duration. Oxygen Nutrients Turbidity Light Water Quantity Detrimental effects of deviations to the background (natural) amount and timing of water quantity instream, including lowered water quality and barriers to access. Subject Group (Threats): Changes in Flow Regime, Spring Freshets, Piped Outfalls of Surface and Ground Water, Flowrelated Plume changes Deviations in oxygen concentration sufficient to induce adverse effects in listed salmonids. Increase and decrease in nutrient inputs to a water body sufficient to induce eutrophication or otherwise impair ecosystem function. Decrease in ability of water to transmit light due to organic or inorganic materials sufficient to induce adverse effects in listed salmonids, reduce their forage organisms, or degrade ecosystem function. Deviations in light that degrades critical or essential fish habitat processes, such as primary productivity, camouflage, or the ability to forage effectively. Nitrates, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, N, P, Down-welling, Ocean Conditions, Plume Effects Suspended sediments, Plume Effects, Shade, Canopy Cover, Cover, Darkness High Water Quantity Habitat disturbance associated with abnormally (compared to background) high water flow including loss of river substrate and the flushing of young fish downstream. High Flow, High Volume, Flooding, Plume Changes, Increased Velocity, Increased Peak Flows, Decreased Flood Lag Time, Redd Scouring Low Water Quantity Habitat disturbance associated with abnormally (compared to background) low water flow, including but not limited to increased temperature, loss of sediment nutrients and barriers to passage, redd dewatering and critical habitat. Encompasses all low flow causes, as water withdrawals enhance the effects of natural low flows and cannot always be discriminated. Low Volume, Low Flows, Redd Dewatering, Water Withdrawals, Surface Impoundments, Diversions, Lake Level, Plume Changes Salmonid threats by BPA Threat Type Threat Type Definition Threat Name Th Agricultural Practices The threat to the species and its habitat from the cultivation of crops and raising of domesticated animals Diking The threats to the species or its habitats placement of an embankment of earth a direction or confine water flow, resultin habitat function, channelization, increas Agricultural Practices The threat to the species and its habitat from the cultivation of crops and raising of domesticated animals Filling The threats to the species or its habitats aggradation or filing of estuarine or sid Loss) Agricultural Practices The threat to the species and its habitat from the cultivation of crops and raising of domesticated animals Impervious Surfaces The threats to the species or its habitats surface, eliminating rainwater infiltratio include: Stream-flow declines with loca flood peaks with destructive bursts; stre the threat Runoff Coefficient Alteration Agricultural Practices The threat to the species and its habitat from the cultivation of crops and raising of domesticated animals Inadequate Regulations The threats to the species or its habitats in the management of a resource. Agricultural Practices The threat to the species and its habitat from the cultivation of crops and raising of domesticated animals Migration Impediments The threats to the species or its habitats population connectivity, or mortality du hydropower or hatchery facilities, culve Agricultural Practices The threat to the species and its habitat from the cultivation of crops and raising of domesticated animals Pollution: Biological Wastes, Fertilizer, & Pharmaceuticals The threats to the species or its habitats phosphates, fertilizers, or biological wa resulting in decreased water quality, in nutrient dynamics, primary productivity contaminants, disease, eutrophication o Agricultural Practices The threat to the species and its habitat from the cultivation of crops and raising of domesticated animals Pollution: Herbicides, Pesticides Pollution The threats to the species or its habitats reduced survival of the species. Agricultural Practices The threat to the species and its habitat from the cultivation of crops and raising of domesticated animals Riparian Degradation The threats to the species or its habitats light/shade conditions, increases water nutrient filtration, or alters inputs of ter Agricultural Practices The threat to the species and its habitat from the cultivation of crops and raising of domesticated animals Sediment: Bank Destabilization The threats to the species or its habitats resulting in the harmful delivery of sedi Agricultural Practices The threat to the species and its habitat from the cultivation of crops and raising of domesticated animals Sediment: Upland Disturbance The threats to the species or its habitats likelihood that sediment will be eroded Agricultural Practices The threat to the species and its habitat from the cultivation of crops and raising of domesticated animals Water: Runoff Coefficient Alteration The threats to the species or its habitats vegetation species, or land use that alter from ground water infiltration or overla patterns of base and peak flows. See Im Agricultural Practices The threat to the species and its habitat from the cultivation of crops and raising of domesticated animals Water: Storage or Withdrawal, Channelization, Management The threats to the species or its habitats quantity from water withdrawal or use o basin water transfer or alters the rate at body. This includes, lowering of the wa low flows and blockages, entrainment or the alteration of hydrodynamic patter patters) See Impervious Surfaces or Ru Agricultural Practices The threat to the species and its habitat from the cultivation of crops and raising of domesticated animals Wetland Loss The threats to the species or its habitats not limited to effects on primary produc in connected wetlands Artificial Propagation The threat to the species and its habitat from the operation of a species propagation facility. Broodstock Collection The threats to the species due to the rem population leading to: the reduction of genetic effects and removal of nutrients origin spawning Artificial Propagation The threat to the species and its habitat from the operation of a species propagation facility. Broodstock Management The threat to the species diversity from the increased homogenization of a popu management of broodstock. Artificial Propagation The threat to the species and its habitat from the operation of a species propagation facility. Disease Amplification and Transfer The threats to the species or its habitats natural populations attributable to the tr propagation facility effluent, interming disease strain alteration resulting from r environmental conditions allowing dise Artificial Propagation The threat to the species and its habitat from the operation of a species propagation facility. Domestication The threats to the species or its habitats from the selection for traits that favor su survival in natural environments resulti environment from captivity. Artificial Propagation The threat to the species and its habitat from the operation of a species propagation facility. Harvest of Hatchery Fish The threats to the species' genetic or lif decreased productivity associated with remove excess hatchery fish resulting in Artificial Propagation The threat to the species and its habitat from the operation of a species propagation facility. Hatchery Fish Production The threats to the species' due to decrea or under-production of hatchery fish. O capacity resulting in increased competit origin fish. Underproduction may resul diversity. Artificial Propagation The threat to the species and its habitat from the operation of a species propagation facility. Hatchery Origin Spawner Ratio The threats to species' reproductive fitn hatchery-origin fish, and the associated adapted traits in the affected natural pop Artificial Propagation The threat to the species and its habitat from the operation of a species propagation facility. Inadequate Regulations The threats to the species or its habitats in the management of a resource. Artificial Propagation The threat to the species and its habitat from the operation of a species propagation facility. Intraspecific Interaction The threats to the species or its habitats resources or suitable freshwater, estuar prey resources. Artificial Propagation The threat to the species and its habitat from the operation of a species propagation facility. Migration Impediments The threats to the species or its habitats population connectivity, or mortality du hydropower or hatchery facilities, culve Artificial Propagation The threat to the species and its habitat from the operation of a species propagation facility. Parasites The threats to the species or its habitats associated with artificial propagation fa Artificial Propagation The threat to the species and its habitat from the operation of a species propagation facility. Pollution: Biological Wastes, Fertilizer, & Pharmaceuticals The threats to the species or its habitats phosphates, fertilizers, or biological wa resulting in decreased water quality, in nutrient dynamics, primary productivity contaminants, disease, eutrophication o Artificial Propagation The threat to the species and its habitat from the operation of a species propagation facility. Predators: Avian The threats to the species due to increas populations, which may be sustained th the effect of predator swamping from p Artificial Propagation The threat to the species and its habitat from the operation of a species propagation facility. Predators: Fish The threats to the species due to increas populations, which may be sustained th native trout, salmonids, and pikeminnow and walleye) Artificial Propagation The threat to the species and its habitat from the operation of a species propagation facility. Residualization Threats to diversity by increased incide smoltification and remaining as residen competition or predation impacts on na Artificial Propagation The threat to the species and its habitat from the operation of a species propagation facility. Species Introduction The threats to the species or its habitats species, which may alter ecosystem stru on salmon and steelhead. Artificial Propagation The threat to the species and its habitat from the operation of a species propagation facility. Straying The threats to the genetic diversity, loca associated with the straying of hatchery Artificial Propagation The threat to the species and its habitat from the operation of a species propagation facility. The threats to the species or its habitats ecosystem resulting in the changes in th derived nutrients) , changes in primary beyond water quality standards. Artificial Propagation The threat to the species and its habitat from the operation of a species propagation facility. Water: Storage or Withdrawal, Channelization, Management The threats to the species or its habitats quantity from water withdrawal or use o basin water transfer or alters the rate at body. This includes, lowering of the wa low flows and blockages, entrainment or the alteration of hydrodynamic patter patters) See Impervious Surfaces or Ru Climate Change Threats to species and the ecosystem due to natural variation in the ocean-atmosphere system, and/or due to anthropogenically forced changes. Disease Amplification and Transfer The threats to the species or its habitats natural populations attributable to the tr propagation facility effluent, interming disease strain alteration resulting from r environmental conditions allowing dise Climate Change Threats to species and the ecosystem due to natural variation in the ocean-atmosphere system, and/or due to anthropogenically forced changes. Species Introduction The threats to the species or its habitats species, which may alter ecosystem stru on salmon and steelhead. Climate Change Threats to species and the ecosystem due to natural variation in the ocean-atmosphere system, and/or due to anthropogenically forced changes. Water: Hydrologic Cycle Alteration The threats to the species or its habitats conditions by alteration of precipitation freshet. Climate Change Threats to species and the ecosystem due to natural variation in the ocean-atmosphere system, and/or due to anthropogenically forced changes. Water: Nutrient Alteration The threats to the species or its habitats ecosystem resulting in the changes in th derived nutrients) , changes in primary beyond water quality standards. Climate Change Threats to species and the ecosystem due to natural variation in the ocean-atmosphere system, and/or due to anthropogenically forced changes. Water: Temperature and Gas Alteration The threats to natural species or habitat environment, specifically gas content, C general, water temperature Dam or Hydropower Facility Management The threat to the species and its habitat from the operation of a barrier constructed across a waterway to control the flow, raise the level of water or generate hydropower The threats to the species or its habitats for food resources or suitable freshwat habitat or prey resources. Dam or Hydropower Facility Management The threat to the species and its habitat from the operation of a barrier constructed across a waterway to control the flow, raise the level of water or generate hydropower Migration Impediments The threats to the species or its habitats population connectivity, or mortality du hydropower or hatchery facilities, culve Dam or Hydropower Facility Management The threat to the species and its habitat from the operation of a barrier constructed across a waterway to control the flow, raise the level of water or generate hydropower Noise Pollution The threat to a species sensory system d such that the species ability to find prey Dam or Hydropower Facility Management The threat to the species and its habitat from the operation of a barrier constructed across a waterway to control the flow, raise the level of water or generate hydropower Predators: Avian The threats to the species due to increas populations, which may be sustained th the effect of predator swamping from p Dam or Hydropower Facility Management The threat to the species and its habitat from the operation of a barrier constructed across a waterway to control the flow, raise the level of water or generate hydropower Predators: Fish The threats to the species due to increas populations, which may be sustained th native trout, salmonids, and pikeminnow and walleye) Dam or Hydropower Facility Management The threat to the species and its habitat from the operation of a barrier constructed across a waterway to control the flow, raise the level of water or generate hydropower Predators: Marine Mammal The threats to the species due to increas or harbor seal populations , which may mammal populations may increase thro protections (e.g., the Marine Mammal P anthropogenic structure providing haulconcentrating prey (e.g., dams, fish pas Dam or Hydropower Facility Management The threat to the species and its habitat from the operation of a barrier constructed across a waterway to control the flow, raise the level of water or generate hydropower Sediment: Retention The threat to species and habitat throug quality/quantity resulting in the degrada potential burial of upstream spawning h Dam or Hydropower Facility Management The threat to the species and its habitat from the operation of a barrier constructed across a waterway to control the flow, raise the level of water or generate hydropower Transportation Survival The threats to the species or its habitats sensory deprivation or direct mortality f Dam or Hydropower Facility Management The threat to the species and its habitat from the operation of a barrier constructed across a waterway to control the flow, raise the level of water or generate hydropower Water: Hydrologic Cycle Alteration The threats to the species or its habitats conditions by alteration of precipitation freshet. Dam or Hydropower Facility Management The threat to the species and its habitat from the operation of a barrier constructed across a waterway to control the flow, raise the level of water or generate hydropower Water: Nutrient Alteration The threats to the species or its habitats ecosystem resulting in the changes in th derived nutrients) , changes in primary beyond water quality standards. Dam or Hydropower Facility Management The threat to the species and its habitat from the operation of a barrier constructed across a waterway to control the flow, raise the level of water or generate hydropower Water: Storage or Withdrawal, Channelization, Management The threats to the species or its habitats quantity from water withdrawal or use o basin water transfer or alters the rate at body. This includes, lowering of the wa low flows and blockages, entrainment or the alteration of hydrodynamic patter patters) See Impervious Surfaces or Ru Dam or Hydropower Facility Management The threat to the species and its habitat from the operation of a barrier constructed across a waterway to control the flow, raise the level of water or generate hydropower Water: Temperature and Gas Alteration The threats to natural species or habitat environment, specifically gas content, C general, water temperature Erosion Control, Flood Prevention & Over-water Structures The threats to the species and its habitat associated with the installations of hydrologic and erosion control structures,(e.g., riprap, pilings, revetments, or dikes), or with the placement of over-water structures (e.g., bridges, docks) which may alter habitat or ecosystem processes. Beach Alteration The threats to the species or its habitats circulation or sedimentation patterns by retain sediment, or alter water circulatio Erosion Control, Flood Prevention & Over-water Structures The threats to the species and its habitat associated with the installations of hydrologic and erosion control structures,(e.g., riprap, pilings, revetments, or dikes), or with the placement of over-water structures (e.g., bridges, docks) which may alter habitat or ecosystem processes. Diking The threats to the species or its habitats zone with the placement of an embank change the direction or confine water fl riparian/estuarine/nearshore habitat fun flood dampening, Erosion Control, Flood Prevention & Over-water Structures The threats to the species and its habitat associated with the installations of hydrologic and erosion control structures,(e.g., riprap, pilings, revetments, or dikes), or with the placement of over-water structures (e.g., bridges, docks) which may alter habitat or ecosystem processes. Overwater Structures The threats to the species or its habitats mooring facilities which may increase p fish habitat. Erosion Control, Flood Prevention & Over-water Structures The threats to the species and its habitat associated with the installations of hydrologic and erosion control structures,(e.g., riprap, pilings, revetments, or dikes), or with the placement of over-water structures (e.g., bridges, docks) which may alter habitat or ecosystem processes. Pilings The threats to the species or its habitats pilings which alter hydrology, sediment toxins. Erosion Control, Flood Prevention & Over-water Structures The threats to the species and its habitat associated with the installations of hydrologic and erosion control structures,(e.g., riprap, pilings, revetments, or dikes), or with the placement of over-water structures (e.g., bridges, docks) which may alter habitat or ecosystem processes. Water: Storage or Withdrawal, Channelization, Management The threats to the species or its habitats quantity from water withdrawal or use o basin water transfer or alters the rate at body. This includes, lowering of the wa low flows and blockages, entrainment or the alteration of hydrodynamic patter patters) See Impervious Surfaces or Ru Fishery Management The threats to species due to: (1) inadequate regulatory mechanisms in the management of ocean or in-river commercial, recreational, or tribal harvest; (2) incidental or bycatch mortality; (3) inadequate enforcement of, and/or compliance with, harvest regulations, including poaching; or (4) overutilization for scientific or educational purposes. Harvest of Hatchery Fish The threats to the species' genetic or life decreased productivity associated with remove excess hatchery fish resulting in Fishery Management The threats to species due to: (1) inadequate regulatory mechanisms in the management of ocean or in-river commercial, recreational, or tribal harvest; (2) incidental or bycatch mortality; (3) inadequate enforcement of, and/or compliance with, harvest regulations, including poaching; or (4) overutilization for scientific or educational purposes. Harvest Related Alterations to Food Web The threats to the species or its habitats with inadequate consideration of potent essential habitats, or other ecosystem at in decreased food availability. Fishery Management The threats to species due to: (1) inadequate regulatory mechanisms in the management of ocean or in-river commercial, recreational, or tribal harvest; (2) incidental or bycatch mortality; (3) inadequate enforcement of, and/or compliance with, harvest regulations, including poaching; or (4) overutilization for scientific or educational purposes. Harvest: Bycatch The threats to the species or its habitats Fishery Management The threats to species due to: (1) inadequate regulatory mechanisms in the management of ocean or in-river commercial, recreational, or tribal harvest; (2) incidental or bycatch mortality; (3) inadequate enforcement of, and/or compliance with, harvest regulations, including poaching; or (4) overutilization for scientific or educational purposes. Harvest: Exceedance of Quota The threats to the species or its habitats engaged in otherwise lawful harvest act resulting in unsustainable harvest and d Fishery Management The threats to species due to: (1) inadequate regulatory mechanisms in the management of ocean or in-river commercial, recreational, or tribal harvest; (2) incidental or bycatch mortality; (3) inadequate enforcement of, and/or compliance with, harvest regulations, including poaching; or (4) overutilization for scientific or educational purposes. Hatchery Fish Production The threats to the species' due to decrea or under-production of hatchery fish. O capacity resulting in increased competit origin fish. Underproduction may resul diversity. Fishery Management The threats to species due to: (1) inadequate regulatory mechanisms in the management of ocean or in-river commercial, recreational, or tribal harvest; (2) incidental or bycatch mortality; (3) inadequate enforcement of, and/or compliance with, harvest regulations, including poaching; or (4) overutilization for scientific or educational purposes. Illegal Harvest The threats to the species or its habitats compliance with harvest regulations Fishery Management The threats to species due to: (1) inadequate regulatory mechanisms in the management of ocean or in-river commercial, recreational, or tribal harvest; (2) incidental or bycatch mortality; (3) inadequate enforcement of, and/or compliance with, harvest regulations, including poaching; or (4) overutilization for scientific or educational purposes. Inadequate Enforcement The threats to the species or its habitats i.e. funding, staffing, penalties (moneta Fishery Management The threats to species due to: (1) inadequate regulatory mechanisms in the management of ocean or in-river commercial, recreational, or tribal harvest; (2) incidental or bycatch mortality; (3) inadequate enforcement of, and/or compliance with, harvest regulations, including poaching; or (4) overutilization for scientific or educational purposes. Inadequate Fishery Management Regulations The threats to the species or its habitats in the management of ocean or in-river in decline of the species from over-allo Fishery Management The threats to species due to: (1) inadequate regulatory mechanisms in the management of ocean or in-river commercial, recreational, or tribal harvest; (2) incidental or bycatch mortality; (3) inadequate enforcement of, and/or compliance with, harvest regulations, including poaching; or (4) overutilization for scientific or educational purposes. Research or Monitoring Mortality The threats to the species due to the dir monitoring activities for educational pu Fishery Management The threats to species due to: (1) inadequate regulatory mechanisms in the management of ocean or in-river commercial, recreational, or tribal harvest; (2) incidental or bycatch mortality; (3) inadequate enforcement of, and/or compliance with, harvest regulations, including poaching; or (4) overutilization for scientific or educational purposes. Species Introduction The threats to the species or its habitats species, which may alter ecosystem stru on salmon and steelhead. Fishery Management The threats to species due to: (1) inadequate regulatory mechanisms in the management of ocean or in-river commercial, recreational, or tribal harvest; (2) incidental or bycatch mortality; (3) inadequate enforcement of, and/or compliance with, harvest regulations, including poaching; or (4) overutilization for scientific or educational purposes. Water: Nutrient Alteration The threats to the species or its habitats ecosystem resulting in the changes in th derived nutrients) , changes in primary beyond water quality standards. Forest Management Forest management includes a range of human actions that affect forest ecosystems such as tree felling; yarding and hauling of logs; piling and burning of slash; planting and replanting of vegetation; development, maintenance, use, closure and rehabilitation of forest roads; and management of fires, pests and invasive plants. Impervious Surfaces The threats to the species or its habitats surface, eliminating rainwater infiltratio include: Stream-flow declines with loca flood peaks with destructive bursts; stre the threat Runoff Coefficient Alteration Forest Management Forest management includes a range of human actions that affect forest ecosystems such as tree felling; yarding and hauling of logs; piling and burning of slash; planting and replanting of vegetation; development, maintenance, use, closure and rehabilitation of forest roads; and management of fires, pests and invasive plants. Inadequate Regulations The threats to the species or its habitats in the management of a resource. Forest Management Forest management includes a range of human actions that affect forest ecosystems such as tree felling; yarding and hauling of logs; piling and burning of slash; planting and replanting of vegetation; development, maintenance, use, closure and rehabilitation of forest roads; and management of fires, pests and invasive plants. Landslides The threats to the species or its habitats associated with the dislodgement and d under the direct influence of gravity Forest Management Forest management includes a range of human actions that affect forest ecosystems such as tree felling; yarding and hauling of logs; piling and burning of slash; planting and replanting of vegetation; development, maintenance, use, closure and rehabilitation of forest roads; and management of fires, pests and invasive plants. Migration Impediments The threats to the species or its habitats population connectivity, or mortality du hydropower or hatchery facilities, culve Forest Management Forest management includes a range of human actions that affect forest ecosystems such as tree felling; yarding and hauling of logs; piling and burning of slash; planting and replanting of vegetation; development, maintenance, use, closure and rehabilitation of forest roads; and management of fires, pests and invasive plants. Pilings The threats to the species or its habitats pilings which alter hydrology, sediment toxins. Forest Management Forest management includes a range of human actions that affect forest ecosystems such as tree felling; yarding and hauling of logs; piling and burning of slash; planting and replanting of vegetation; development, maintenance, use, closure and rehabilitation of forest roads; and management of fires, pests and invasive plants. Pollution: Herbicides, Pesticides Pollution The threats to the species or its habitats reduced survival of the species. Forest Management Forest management includes a range of human actions that affect forest ecosystems such as tree felling; yarding and hauling of logs; piling and burning of slash; planting and replanting of vegetation; development, maintenance, use, closure and rehabilitation of forest roads; and management of fires, pests and invasive plants. Pollution: Industrial Chemicals, The threats to the species or its habitats industrial chemicals, like PBDEs , PCB retardants in fighting fires. Forest Management Forest management includes a range of human actions that affect forest ecosystems such as tree felling; yarding and hauling of logs; piling and burning of slash; planting and replanting of vegetation; development, maintenance, use, closure and rehabilitation of forest roads; and management of fires, pests and invasive plants. Riparian Degradation The threats to the species or its habitats light/shade conditions, increases water nutrient filtration, or alters inputs of ter Forest Management Forest management includes a range of human actions that affect forest ecosystems such as tree felling; yarding and hauling of logs; piling and burning of slash; planting and replanting of vegetation; development, maintenance, use, closure and rehabilitation of forest roads; and management of fires, pests and invasive plants. Sediment: Upland Disturbance The threats to the species or its habitats likelihood that sediment will be eroded Forest Management Forest management includes a range of human actions that affect forest ecosystems such as tree felling; yarding and hauling of logs; piling and burning of slash; planting and replanting of vegetation; development, maintenance, use, closure and rehabilitation of forest roads; and management of fires, pests and invasive plants. The threats to the species or its habitats quantity from water withdrawal or use o basin water transfer or alters the rate at body. This includes, lowering of the wa low flows and blockages, entrainment or the alteration of hydrodynamic patter patters) See Impervious Surfaces or Ru Forest Management Forest management includes a range of human actions that affect forest ecosystems such as tree felling; yarding and hauling of logs; piling and burning of slash; planting and replanting of vegetation; development, maintenance, use, closure and rehabilitation of forest roads; and management of fires, pests and invasive plants. Water: Runoff Coefficient Alteration The threats to the species or its habitats vegetation species, or land use that alter from ground water infiltration or overla patterns of base and peak flows. See Im Forest Management Forest management includes a range of human actions that affect forest ecosystems such as tree felling; yarding and hauling of logs; piling and burning of slash; planting and replanting of vegetation; development, maintenance, use, closure and rehabilitation of forest roads; and management of fires, pests and invasive plants. Wood/Structure Removal The threats to the species or its habitats or structures and resulting decrease in p Mass Wasting The threats to species associated with mass land movements, including landslides, and volcanic activity, including lahars. Landslides The threats to the species or its habitats associated with the dislodgement and d under the direct influence of gravity Mass Wasting The threats to species associated with mass land movements, including landslides, and volcanic activity, including lahars. Volcanic Events/Lahars The threats to the species or its habitats degradation of its habitat resulting from Mining Activities The threats to species and habitat associated with mining activities including erosion and sedimentation processes, or contaminant pollution. Gravel Mining The threats to the species or its habitats gravel from aquatic habitat, resulting in turbidity, or loss of structures. Mining Activities The threats to species and habitat associated with mining activities including erosion and sedimentation processes, or contaminant pollution. Pollution: Heavy Metal The increased introduction of heavy me mercury ) resulting in the contaminatio species from diffuse sources including v sources. Mining Activities The threats to species and habitat associated with mining activities including erosion and sedimentation processes, or contaminant pollution. Sediment: Bank Destabilization The threats to the species or its habitats resulting in the harmful delivery of sedi The threat to the species due to scientific activities Research or Monitoring Mortality The threats to the species due to the dir monitoring activities for educational pu Pollution and Contamination The threats to species and habitat associated with to the contamination of prey species, soil, water, or air by harmful pollutants. Noise Pollution The threat to a species sensory system d such that the species ability to find prey Pollution and Contamination The threats to species and habitat associated with to the contamination of prey species, soil, water, or air by harmful pollutants. Pollution: Biological Wastes, Fertilizer, & Pharmaceuticals The threats to the species or its habitats phosphates, fertilizers, or biological wa resulting in decreased water quality, in nutrient dynamics, primary productivity contaminants, disease, eutrophication o Pollution and Contamination The threats to species and habitat associated with to the contamination of prey species, soil, water, or air by harmful pollutants. Pollution: Heavy Metal The threats to the species or its habitats (e.g., copper, cadmium, arsenic, lead, si habitat and/or reduced survival or fitnes vehicles, energy production, landfills, o Pollution and Contamination The threats to species and habitat associated with to the contamination of prey species, soil, water, or air by harmful pollutants. Pollution: Herbicides, Pesticides Pollution The threats to the species or its habitats reduced survival of the species. Pollution and Contamination The threats to species and habitat associated with to the contamination of prey species, soil, water, or air by harmful pollutants. Pollution: Industrial Chemicals, The threats to the species or its habitats industrial chemicals, like PBDEs , PCB retardants in fighting fires. Pollution and Contamination The threats to species and habitat associated with to the contamination of prey species, soil, water, or air by harmful pollutants. Pollution: Oil The threat to species and habitat due to hydrocarbon, oil, Oil Pollution may be pollution in runoff. [see edits above]. Pollution and Contamination The threats to species and habitat associated with to the contamination of prey species, soil, water, or air by harmful pollutants. Pollution: Regulated Non-Point-Source The threats to the species or its habitats discharged into the environment from a regulated by the Clean Air Act, Clean W Rodenticide Act , and the Comprehens Liability Act . This threat effects Temp and may need sub headings. Pollution and Contamination The threats to species and habitat associated with to the contamination of prey species, soil, water, or air by harmful pollutants. Pollution: Regulated Point-Source The threats to the species or its habitats the environment from a single location regulated by the Clean Air Act, Clean W Rodenticide Act , and the Comprehens Liability Act . This threat effects Temp Superfund Site, and Brownfields. and m The threats to species and habitat associated with managemnt of species for conservation or eradication. Beaver Removal The threats to the species or its habitats create habitat structure important to salm Other Anthropogenic Induced Trauma or Death Species Management Species Management The threats to species and habitat associated with managemnt of species for conservation or eradication. Species Management The threats to species and habitat associated with managemnt of species for conservation or eradication. The threats to the species or its habitats for food resources or suitable freshwat habitat or prey resources. Species Management The threats to species and habitat associated with managemnt of species for conservation or eradication. Intraspecific Interaction The threats to the species or its habitats resources or suitable freshwater, estuar prey resources. Species Management The threats to species and habitat associated with managemnt of species for conservation or eradication. Predators: Avian The threats to the species due to increas populations, which may be sustained th the effect of predator swamping from p Species Management The threats to species and habitat associated with managemnt of species for conservation or eradication. Predators: Fish The threats to the species due to increas populations, which may be sustained th native trout, salmonids, and pikeminnow and walleye) Species Management The threats to species and habitat associated with managemnt of species for conservation or eradication. Predators: Marine Mammal The threats to the species due to increas or harbor seal populations , which may mammal populations may increase thro protections (e.g., the Marine Mammal P anthropogenic structure providing haulconcentrating prey (e.g., dams, fish pas Species Management The threats to species and habitat associated with managemnt of species for conservation or eradication. Species Introduction The threats to the species or its habitats species, which may alter ecosystem stru on salmon and steelhead. Urbanization The threats to species and habitat associated with impacts from urban areas, including increased impacts due to the conversion of lands to urban use. Filling The threats to the species or its habitats aggradation or filing of estuarine or sid Loss) Urbanization The threats to species and habitat associated with impacts from urban areas, including increased impacts due to the conversion of lands to urban use. Impervious Surfaces The threats to the species or its habitats surface, eliminating rainwater infiltratio include: Stream-flow declines with loca flood peaks with destructive bursts; stre the threat Runoff Coefficient Alteration Urbanization The threats to species and habitat associated with impacts from urban areas, including increased impacts due to the conversion of lands to urban use. Inadequate Regulations The threats to the species or its habitats in the management of a resource. Urbanization The threats to species and habitat associated with impacts from urban areas, including increased impacts due to the conversion of lands to urban use. Migration Impediments The threats to the species or its habitats population connectivity, or mortality du hydropower or hatchery facilities, culve Urbanization The threats to species and habitat associated with impacts from urban areas, including increased impacts due to the conversion of lands to urban use. Overwater Structures The threats to the species or its habitats mooring facilities which may increase p fish habitat. Urbanization The threats to species and habitat associated with impacts from urban areas, including increased impacts due to the conversion of lands to urban use. Pollution: Biological Wastes, Fertilizer, & Pharmaceuticals The threats to the species or its habitats phosphates, fertilizers, or biological wa resulting in decreased water quality, in nutrient dynamics, primary productivity contaminants, disease, eutrophication o Disease Amplification and Transfer The threats to the species or its habitats natural populations attributable to the tr propagation facility effluent, interming disease strain alteration resulting from r environmental conditions allowing dise Urbanization The threats to species and habitat associated with impacts from urban areas, including increased impacts due to the conversion of lands to urban use. Pollution: Heavy Metal The threats to the species or its habitats (e.g., copper, cadmium, arsenic, lead, si habitat and/or reduced survival or fitnes vehicles, energy production, landfills, o Urbanization The threats to species and habitat associated with impacts from urban areas, including increased impacts due to the conversion of lands to urban use. Pollution: Herbicides, Pesticides Pollution The threats to the species or its habitats reduced survival of the species. Urbanization The threats to species and habitat associated with impacts from urban areas, including increased impacts due to the conversion of lands to urban use. Pollution: Industrial Chemicals, The threats to the species or its habitats industrial chemicals, like PBDEs , PCB retardants in fighting fires. Urbanization The threats to species and habitat associated with impacts from urban areas, including increased impacts due to the conversion of lands to urban use. Pollution: Oil The threat to the species and habitat may be the resu Urbanization The threats to species and habitat associated with impacts from urban areas, including increased impacts due to the conversion of lands to urban use. Riparian Degradation The threats to the species or its habitats light/shade conditions, increases water nutrient filtration, or alters inputs of ter Urbanization The threats to species and habitat associated with impacts from urban areas, including increased impacts due to the conversion of lands to urban use. Sediment: Upland Disturbance The threats to the species or its habitats likelihood that sediment will be eroded Urbanization The threats to species and habitat associated with impacts from urban areas, including increased impacts due to the conversion of lands to urban use. Water: Runoff Coefficient Alteration The threats to the species or its habitats vegetation species, or land use that alter from ground water infiltration or overla patterns of base and peak flows. See Im Urbanization The threats to species and habitat associated with impacts from urban areas, including increased impacts due to the conversion of lands to urban use. Water: Storage or Withdrawal, Channelization, Management The threats to the species or its habitats quantity from water withdrawal or use o basin water transfer or alters the rate at body. This includes, lowering of the wa low flows and blockages, entrainment or the alteration of hydrodynamic patter patters) See Impervious Surfaces or Ru Urbanization The threats to species and habitat associated with impacts from urban areas, including increased impacts due to the conversion of lands to urban use. Wetland Loss The threats to the species or its habitats not limited to effects on primary produc in connected wetlands Vessel Operation The threats to species and habitat associated with the operation or navigation of a ship. Dredging The threats to the species or its habitats for navigation, including but not limited structures Vessel Operation The threats to species and habitat associated with the operation or navigation of a ship. Filling The threats to the species or its habitats aggradation or filing of estuarine or sid Loss) Vessel Operation The threats to species and habitat associated with the operation or navigation of a ship. Interference The threats to the species or its habitats manner that alters the species natural m pursuit of food/prey. Vessel Operation The threats to species and habitat associated with the operation or navigation of a ship. Noise Pollution The threat to a species sensory system d such that the species ability to find prey Vessel Operation The threats to species and habitat associated with the operation or navigation of a ship. Pilings The threats to the species or its habitats pilings which alter hydrology, sedimen toxins. lt of single events or spills, or from non- point sourc e poll ution ( e.g., runoff, or natural oc ean s eeps). Vessel Operation The threats to species and habitat associated with the operation or navigation of a ship. Pollution: Oil The threat to species and habitat related hydrocarbon, oil, Oil Pollution may be pollution in runoff. [see edits above, al general to reflect road runoff as well as Vessel Operation The threats to species and habitat associated with the operation or navigation of a ship. Sediment: Bank Destabilization The threats to the species or its habitats resulting in the harmful delivery of sedi Vessel Operation The threats to species and habitat associated with the operation or navigation of a ship. Stranding The threats to the species or its habitats waves, or other factors. Vessel Operation The threats to species and habitat associated with the operation or navigation of a ship. Wood/Structure Removal The threats to the species or its habitats or structures and resulting decrease in p Water Management Water management includes the planning, development and allocation of water resources pursuant to water management policies and regulations. Water: Nutrient Alteration The threats to the species or its habitats ecosystem resulting in the changes in th derived nutrients) , changes in primary beyond water quality standards. Water Management Water management includes the planning, development and allocation of water resources pursuant to water management policies and regulations. Water: Storage or Withdrawal, Channelization, Management The threats to the species or its habitats quantity from water withdrawal or use o basin water transfer or alters the rate at body. This includes, lowering of the wa low flows and blockages, entrainment or the alteration of hydrodynamic patter patters) See Impervious Surfaces or Ru Water Management Water management includes the planning, development and allocation of water resources pursuant to water management policies and regulations. Water: Temperature and Gas Alteration The threats to natural species or habitat environment, specifically gas content, C general, water temperature Table 1. Habitat Restoration and protection Actions and Project Types Habitat Action Type Fish Passage: Projects that affect or provide fish migration up and down stream including road crossings (bridges or culverts), barriers (dams or log jams), fishways (ladders, chutes or pools), and weirs (log or rock). Barriers may be complete or partial. Project Type Definition Metrics Metric Definitions Barriers (dams or log jams) Removal of a dam other than a push-up or diversion dam; or removal of a naturally formed log or debris jam that created a passage barrier # (There may be more than one fish passage installation per project. Report a count of all blockages that are proposed for removal or improvement and those that are actually removed or improved as part of this project. Latin name of target species.) Culvert Improvements/Upgrades Improve, upgrade or replace an existing culvert # (There may be more than one fish passage installation per project. Report a count of all blockages that are proposed for removal or improvement and those that are actually removed or improved as part of this project. Latin name of target species.) Culvert Installation Add a passable culvert where none previously existed. # (There may be more than one fish passage installation per project. Report a count of all blockages that are proposed for removal or improvement and those that are actually removed or improved as part of this project. Latin name of target species.) Culvert Removal Removal of culvert (often replaced by a nonblocking structure, bridge etc. or removed because the structure it was associated with was removed, a road etc.) ( # There may be more than one fish passage installation per project. Report a count of all blockages that are proposed for removal or improvement and those that are actually removed or improved as part of this project. Latin name of target species.) Culvert Replacement Removal of culvert (often replaced by a nonblocking structure, bridge etc. or removed because the structure it was associated with was removed, a road etc.) # (There may be more than one fish passage installation per project. Report a count of all blockages that are proposed for removal or improvement and those that are actually removed or improved as part of this project. Latin name of target species.) Diversion Dam/push up dam removal Removal of a push-up dam (earthen dam), or removal of a diversion dam (permanent structure) # (There may be more than one fish passage installation per project. Report a count of all blockages that are proposed for removal or improvement and those that are actually removed or improved as part of this project. Latin name of target) Fish Ladder Improved Improvement or upgrade of an existing fish ladder #, Target Species There may be more than one fish passage installation per project. Report a count of all blockages that are proposed for removal or improvement and those that are actually removed or improved as part of this project. Latin name of target species.) Fish Ladder Installed Installation of a fish ladder where there was not one previously #, Target Species (There may be more than one fish passage installation per project. Report a count of all blockages that are proposed for removal or improvement and those that are actually removed or improved as part of this project. Latin name of target species.) Fish Passage: Fishways (ladders, chutes, or pools) Placement of an engineered way around a barrier (usually a side channel/ or pool) or any by-pass that isn’t specified as a fish ladder that is used by salmon migrating upstream; or a chute, used to ease salmon migrating downstream over a dam. #, Target Species (There may be more than one fish passage installation per project. Report a count of all blockages that are proposed for removal or improvement and those that are actually removed or improved as part of this project. Latin name of target species.) Fish Screening: Projects that result in the installation or improvement of screening systems that prevent Salmonids from passing into areas that do not support salmonid survival, for example into irrigation diversion channels. Instream Flow: Projects that maintain and/or increase the flow of water to provide needed habitat conditions. These can include releases of water from dams or impoundments or water conservation projects to reduce stream diversions or extractions. Road Crossings (bridges or culverts) Establishment of engineered passage associated with road placement that may include placement of a bridge. # There may be more than one fish passage installation per project. Report a count of all blockages that are proposed for removal or improvement and those that are actually removed or improved as part of this project. Latin name of target species.) Weirs (lncomplete Dams) Placement, modification or removal of a incomplete dam that is a passage barrier to fish # ( There may be more than one fish passage installation per project. Report a count of all blockages that are proposed for removal or improvement and those that are actually removed or improved as part of this project. Latin name of target species.) Fish Screen Installed Adding screen to an unscreened diversion to keep juveniles from being diverted. #, CFS (A total count of screens proposed for installation and actually installed, recognizing that a project may install more than one screen, The flow rate at the screened diversion(s) from the water right. (CFS to nearest 0.01 CFS)) Fish Screen Replaced Replacement, repair or improvement of an existing fish screen #, CFS (A total count of screens proposed for installation and actually installed, recognizing that a project may install more than one screen, The flow rate at the screened diversion(s) from the water right. (CFS to nearest 0.01 CFS)) Irrigation practice improvement Installation of a headgate with water gauge that controls water flow into irrigation canals and ditches. Regulates flow on previously unregulated diversions. Also the addition of other water sources (wells etc.) so that water from diversion is less needed or improvement in irrigation systems eg. replacing open canals with pipes to reduce water loss to evaporation. CFS The flow of water returned to the stream (not including water that is maintained in the stream). (CFS to nearest 0.01 CFS) Purchase of water rights. These water allocations are not withdrawn from the stream. CFS Water volume proposed for lease or purchase and actually leased or purchased should be reported in CFS to nearest 0.01 CFS. Creation of wetland area where it did not previously exist Acres Acres of artificial wetland proposed to be created and actually created from an area not formerly a wetland. (Acres to nearest whole acre) Water leased or purchased Instream Wetland: Projects designed to protect, create or improve connected wetland areas (that meet the standard for federal delineation) that are known to support salmonid production. For example salmonid populations, especially juveniles, can benefit from access to connected wetland areas where conditions provide food supply, protection from high flows and protection from predators. Wetland Improvement/ Enhancement Improvements or enhancements to an existing wetland. (Acres to nearest whole acre) Acres of wetland proposed for treatment and actually treated. (Acres to nearest whole acre) Wetland Invasive Species Removal Remove or control Non-native species and/or noxious weeds in a wetland area. (Acres to nearest whole acre) The acreage of invasive species proposed for treatment and actuallytreated in the wetland project. The proposed project area may only be a portion of an existing wetland such as removing an area of purple loosestrife. Wetland Restoration Restoration of existing or historic wetland (Acres to nearest whole acre) Acres of wetland proposed for treatment and actually treated. Wetland Vegetation Planting Planting of native wetland species in wetland areas. (Acres to nearest whole acre) Acres of wetland proposed for treatment and actually treated. Instream: Projects that increase or improve the physical conditions within Beaver introduction The introduction or management of beavers to add natural stream complexity (beaver dams, ponds, etc). # Wetland Creation # of beavers introduced to increase instream structure/ complexity the stream environment (below the ordinary high water mark of the stream) to support an increased salmonid population. Addition of large rocks or boulders to a stream channel stream length treated to nearest 0.01 miles. This refers to meander miles of instream habitat treatments. Count actual stream length treated to nearest 0.01 miles. Channel Connectivity Increasing channel connectivity between stream channels, wetlands, and/ or off-channel habitat and floodplain channels. May include increase of historic or new connectivity. Count actual stream length treated to nearest 0.01 miles. This refers to meander miles of instream habitat treatments. Count actual stream length treated to nearest 0.01 miles. Channel reconfiguration (includes channel roughening) Changes in channel morphology, e.g. pools added/ created, meanders added, former channel bed restored, channel roughening etc. Count actual stream length treated to nearest 0.01 miles. This refers to meander miles of instream habitat treatments. Count actual stream length treated to nearest 0.01 miles. Placement of triangular structures of rock or logs that extend into the stream to narrow and deepen the channel Count actual stream length treated to nearest 0.01 miles. This refers to meander miles of instream habitat treatments. Count actual stream length treated to nearest 0.01 miles. Large Woody Debris Placement of individual logs in the stream that are not part of engineered structures or log jams or other large woody debris not specified as rootwads Count actual stream length treated to nearest 0.01 miles. This refers to meander miles of instream habitat treatments. Count actual stream length treated to nearest 0.01 miles. Log weirs Placement of logs to collect and retain gravel for spawning habitat, to deepen existing resting/jumping pools, to create new pools above and/or below the structure, to trap sediment, aerate the water, or promote deposition of organic debris. Count actual stream length treated to nearest 0.01 miles. This refers to meander miles of instream habitat treatments. Count actual stream length treated to nearest 0.01 miles. Off channel habitat Creation of off-channel habitat consisting of sidechannels, backwater areas, alcoves or side-pools, off-channel pools, offchannel ponds, and oxbows. Count actual stream length treated to nearest 0.01 miles. This refers to meander miles of instream habitat treatments. Count actual stream length treated to nearest 0.01 miles. Plant removal/control The removal or control of aquatic non-native plants and noxious weeds growing in the stream channel. Count actual stream length treated to nearest 0.01 miles. This refers to meander miles of instream habitat treatments. Count actual stream length treated to nearest 0.01 miles. Rock weir The placement of rocks to collect and retain gravel for spawning habitat, to deepen existing resting/jumping pools;and/or to create new pools, to trap sediment, aerate the water, and to promote deposition of organic debris. Count actual stream length treated to nearest 0.01 miles. This refers to meander miles of instream habitat treatments. Count actual stream length treated to nearest 0.01 miles. Rootwads Placement of a stump with roots attached extending into the stream. Rootwads are a type of large woody debris. Count actual stream length treated to nearest 0.01 miles. This refers to meander miles of instream habitat treatments. Count actual stream length treated to nearest 0.01 miles. Boulders Deflectors/barbs Addition of spawning gravel to the channel. Count actual stream length treated to nearest 0.01 miles. This refers to meander miles of instream habitat treatments. Count actual stream length treated to nearest 0.01 miles. Streambank Stabilization Increasing channel connectivity between stream channels, wetlands, and/ or off-channel habitat and floodplain channels. May include increase of historic or new connectivity. Count actual stream length treated to nearest 0.01 miles. This refers to meander miles of instream habitat treatments. Count actual stream length treated to nearest 0.01 miles. Wood Structure/ Log Jam Placement of Wood Structure/Log Jam with multiple logsfastened together to form increasing instream habitat, Count actual stream length treated to nearest 0.01 miles. This refers to meander miles of instream habitat treatments. Count actual stream length treated to nearest 0.01 miles. Streambank Protected Protection of section of streambank from further degradation or development through purchase, lease, negotiated agreement, statute or other mechanism. miles This refers to meander miles (to nearest 0.01 mile) of stream bank proposed for protection and actually protected by acquisition, easement or lease. Count miles on both sides of stream if both sides are acquired. Count on one side if only one side is acquired. Spawning Gravel Placement Land Protected, Acquired, or Leased: Projects that involve the acquisition or lease of land or riparian areas. Wetland or Estuarine are Protected Carcass Analog Nutrient Enrichment: Projects to add marine derived nutrients back into the system Carcass Placement Fertilizer Outmigrant Survival Improvement (Estuary): Projects that result in improvement of or increase in the availability of estuarine habitat such as tidal channel restoration, floodplain connectivity, floodgate fish passage or diked land conversion. This habitat is important for salmonid out migration where juvenile Salmonids begin the transition from fresh to salt water environments and where Protection of wetland or estuarine area from further degradation or development through purchase, lease, negotiated agreement, statute or other mechanism. (Acres to nearest whole acre) The acreage reported should be the total acreage proposed for protection and actually protected regardless of whether all of the habitat is applicable to the desired goals for acquisition. Fish meal bricks placed in the stream to increase nutrient availability acres, lbs Total of fertilizer delivered (poundsto nearest 100 pounds); Total acres of each treatment to nearest whole acre. Dead salmon added to stream acres, lbs Total acres of each treatment to nearest whole acre, total weight of salmon carcasses placed in the stream Nutrients placed in stream to increase nutrient availability acres, lbs Total acres of each treatment to nearest whole acre, total weight of salmon carcasses placed in the stream Deepening or widening existing tidal channel miles Type of channel modification and Length of channel modified in miles to nearest 0.01 miles) Creation of an estuarine area where one did not exist previously. Acres Acres of estuary proposed for treatment and actually treated to nearest whole acre. Channel Modification Creation of new estuarine area predatory pressures are known to be high. Estuarine habitat is distinct from other wetland habitat in being tidally influenced. Dike Breaching/Removal Dike Reconfiguration Removal or breaching of a barrier constructed to contain tidal flooding. Breaching/ removal allows for natural flow/flood regime and potential for offchannel habitat usage. # and Acres Number of Dikes breached or removed, total aggregate length of dike reconfigured in miles to .01 miles. Modification of location or design of an embankment to confine or control water flow. miles and # Number of reconfigurings, total aggregate length of dike reconfigured in miles to .01 miles. Control or removal of invasive or exotic estuarine species e.g. Spartina alterniflora Invasive species (latin name); Acres Invasive species (latin name); Acres of estuary proposed for treatment and actually treated to nearest whole acre. Removal of existing fill material Removal of fill that isn't associated with a dike e.g. removal of tideflat fill. acres Acres of estuary proposed for treatment and actually created to nearest whole acre. Restoration/Rehabilitation of estuarine habitat Restoration of existing or historic estuarine habitat acres Acres of estuary proposed for treatment and actually treated to nearest whole acre. Tidegate Alteration/Removal Removal or changes to tidegate that allows water to flow freely when the tide goes out, but which prevents the water from flowing in the other direction. # Changes are generally made to allow fish passage at low and high tide. Number of tide gaits removed or altered Maintenance of the restoration project site eg.replanting trees that failed to survive miles This refers to meander miles of instream habitat treatments. Count actual stream length treated to nearest 0.01 miles. Alteration of agricultural land use practices to reducing grazing pressure for conservation. E.g. Rotate livestock grazing to minimize impact on riparian areas Acres Total riparian acres proposed and actually treated to nearest whole acre. Examples of treatment include riparian plantings, or protection of riparian zone with a fence. Invasive Species Treated Project Maintainence: Projects that maintain the functionality of Salmonid Restoration Projects Riparian: Projects that change areas (above the ordinary high water mark of the stream and within the flood plain of streams) in order to improve the Site Maintenance Conservation Grazing Management environmental conditions necessary to sustain Salmonids throughout their life cycle. Fencing Forestry Practices/Stand Management Livestock Exclusion Livestock Water Development Planting Sediment Reduction: Projects the diminish sediment transport into streams Creation of livestock exclusion or other riparian fencing. miles This refers to meander miles of stream bank proposed for treatment and treated. Report the actual length of proposed treatment, adding lengths of treatment on both sides if treatment was on both sides. (miles to .01 miles) Prescribed burnings, stand thinnings, stand conversions, silviculture, vegetation management. acres Total acres proposed and actually treated to nearest whole acre. Examples of treatment include riparian plantings, or protection of riparian zone with a fence. Remove livestock from riparian areas. acres Total riparian acres proposed and actually treated to nearest whole acre. Examples of treatment include riparian plantings, or protection Provision of water supply for livestock that is out of the riparian zone. Also called livestock water development or livestock water supply. Riparian planting, native plant establishment. Species Planted (Latin name); acres Water Gap Development Provision of a fenced livestock stream crossing. # of installations, may be more than 1 per project # Weed Control Removal and/or control of non-native species and noxious weeds. Invasive species (latin name); the total riparian acres proposed and actually treated to nearest whole acre. Examples of treatment include riparian plantings, or protection of riparian zone with a fence. Invasive species (latin name); acres Erosion Control Structures Hillside stabilization, grassed waterways wind breaks, planting, conservation land management, and waterbars. # of sediment control installations # Road Relocation Abandonment of existing road in riparian or streambed area with or without rehabilitation and with a new road constructed in a less sensitive area. Road Stream Crossing Improvements (=Rocked Ford) Creation or improvement of a reinforced rock roadbed that crosses the stream without restricting the stream flow. Does not include stream crossing improvements that have a fish passage goal. Species Planted (Latin name);Total riparian acres proposed and actually treated to nearest whole acre. Examples of treatment include riparian plantings, or protection of riparian zone with a fence # of installations, may be more than 1 per project Invasive species (latin name); the total riparian acres proposed and actually treated to nearest whole acre. Examples of treatment include riparian plantings, or protection of riparian zone with a fence. # of sediment control installations Proposed and actual treatments include road(s) decommissioned (closed, obliterated), upgraded, reloc miles Proposed and actual treatments include road(s) decommissioned(closed, obliterated), upgraded, relocated or restored. (miles to .01miles) Road Drainage System Improvements Placement of structures to contain/ control run-off from roads. Includes surface drainage, peak flow drainage improvements and roadside vegetation miles Proposed and actual treatments include road(s) decommissioned (closed, obliterated), upgraded, relocated or restored. (miles to .01 miles) Road Obliteration Road closed with or without rehabilitation. Not a road relocation. miles Proposed and actual treatments include road(s) decommissioned (closed, obliterated), upgraded, relocated or restored. (miles to .01 miles) Road Reconstruction Reconstruction and restoration of road in place (not a road relocation) and for a restoration purpose (eg. road is crumbling into stream and needs to be reinforced). Road reconstruction does not include drainage improvement projects. miles Proposed and actual treatments include road(s) decommissioned (closed, obliterated), upgraded, relocated or restored. (miles to .01 miles) Road Relocation Abandonment of existing road in riparian or streambed area with or without rehabilitation and with a new road constructed in a less sensitive area. miles Proposed and actual treatments include road(s) decommissioned (closed, obliterated), upgraded, relocated or restored. (miles to .01 miles) Sediment Control Sediment basins, sediment ponds and sediment traps. # # of sediment control installations Upland Erosion Control Hillside stabilization, grassed waterwas, wind breaks, planting, conservation land management, & water bars. # # of sediment control installations Agriculture Management (BMPs) Implementaton of best management practices eg low/ no till agriculture. acres Total acres proposed for each treatment to nearest Placement of exclusion and non-exclusion fencing. miles Total miles of fencing to nearest 0.01 mile Livestock Management Any upland livestock management including livestock watering schedules and grazing management plans. acres Total acres proposed for each treatment to neares Water Development Irrigation and livestock water development including ditches, wells, ponds, springs etc. Unit type Fencing Upland-Agriculture: Upland restoration activities relating to agricultural use Invasive Plant Control Upland-Vegetation: Upland restoration activities relating to vegetation, includes forestry Planting Slope Stabilization Type of water development project (ditch, well, pond, etc.) and number of treatments. Removal and control of non-native plants and noxious weeds. acres Total acres for each treatment to nearest whole acre. Upland plant installation, seeding, and revegetation. acres Total acres for each treatment to nearest whole acre. Implementation of slope stabilization methods including landslide reparation and terracing. acres Total acres for each treatment to nearest whole acre. Upland-Wetland: Projects designed to protect, create or improve connected wetland areas (that meet the standard for federal delineation) Vegetation/Stand Management Prescribed burns, stand thinning, stand conversion, silviculture, vegetation management, selective thinning, hazard reduction. acres Total acres for each treatment to nearest whole acre. Wetland Creation Wetland area created where it did not previously exist. acres Acres of artificial wetland created from an area not formerly a wetland. (Acres to nearest whole acre) Changes to an existing wetland. acres Acres of wetland actually treated. (Acres to nearest whole acre) Removal and/or control of non-native species and/or noxious weeds in a wetland area. acres The acreage of invasive species actually treated in the wetland project. The proposed project area may only be a portion of an existing wetland such as removing an area of purple loosestrife. (Acres to nearest whole acre) Wetland Restoration Restoration of existing or historic wetland. acres Acres of wetland actually treated. (Acres to nearest whole acre) Wetland Vegetation Planting The planting of native wetland species in wetland areas. acres Acres of wetland actually treated. (Acres to nearest whole acre) Wetland Improvement/ Enhancement Wetland Invasive Species Removal Refuse Removal Water Quality Improvement: Projects that result in an improvement of water quality conditions for example through improved water quality treatment, capture toxic highway runoff, reduction in the use of herbicides, pesticides and fertilizers, and other point sources. Return Flow Cooling Sewage Clean-up Toxic Clean-up Debris/Structure Removal: Debris Removal is generally associated with removal of solid waste, derelict and otherwise abandoned items in the nearshore. Common examples include derelict fishing gear, sunken refuse (vessels, cars), or other discrete items capable of being removed. Does not include removal of fill or contaminated sediments. Derelict fishing gear removal Piling Removal Physical (Solid waste) Removal of garbage in the waterway. All projects with a goal of directly reducing or directly limiting increase in water temperature. Most are return flow cooling projects which generally consist of replacing old open return ditches with underground PVC pipe. The primary benefits are to eliminate nutrient and thermal loading, by filtering flows underground where they cool before returning to the river. lbs temperature Pounds of trash collected from stream and wetland areas to nearest 100 pounds. Water temp before and after project completion (if at a point source then avg water temp before at after of point source emission) in degrees Celsius to nearest whole degree. Clean up of sewage outfall, etc. Clean up/prevention of mine tailings, hebicide, pesticide, toxic sediments, etc. Name of Toxic species, element or material Removal of derelict fishing gears known as Ghost nets or traps lost in the marine or nearshore environment. Removal of piling structure from waterway or beach. Some contamination can be observed and described as physical contamination requiring removal. Such contamination may be an accumulation of unwanted materials in the intertidal or subtidal elevations. This may include sunken boats, lost cargo, acres Area affected (Acres). Could also be volume (CY) for physical contamination. Numbers removed Area affected (Acres). Could also be volume (CY) for physical contamination. Total acres, wet and/or dry for each cleaned up to nearest whole acre. Pollution Control: Control of pollution as a result of construction or otherwise present at a restoration site. MM is principally designed to include temporary construction measures for the control of turbidity, and petroleum releases. It could also include features within a restoration project that could be included for the purposes of improving water quality such as a wetland filtration system. Wastewater control features would be included here. Beach Nourishment: Beach nourishment is generally considered the physical placement of natural (but not necessarily local) beach substrates to a beach, stretch of shoreline or other location where historic supplies have either been eliminated or are insufficient to overcome existing degradations. This action also includes actions where native materials are allowed to naturally (passive) or through human intervention (active) enter the drift cell. Active Control Control of pollution at a restoration site through active management of sources. Includes abatement ponds, filters or other, generally temporary features. Oil booms, while not employed continuously would also fit here. Volume treated (Gal/min) Passive control Passive control of pollutants at a restoration site through long term sustainable features such as a wetland system to filtrate incoming water or other such features. Heavily engineered features are undesirable but may be required to address temperature issues. Volume treated (Gal/min) Contaminant removal/remediation (Chemical (Hazardous Waste)) Beach Nourishment: Material Import Refers to chemical contaminants to the estuary and nearshore environment. This action includes any natural substrate that has been impaired by unnatural substances (contamination could be of natural origin (Fecal coliform, excessive pH) including contamination from stormwater. This action is primarily is intended to cover remediation of chemical contamination. Defined as either physical removal (though chemical remediation or biological treatment is possible) of chemical contamination found in the nearshore environment or prevention of contaminant sources (stormwater modification). Work can benefit fish and wildlife intertidal, sub-tidal and supratidal habitat conditions. Area affected (Acres) Could also be measured by reduction in actionable levels Deposition of non-native material to mimic beach composition Area Treated (acres) Beach Nourishment: Restoration of Sediment Supply (Active) Allowances for native materials to contribute to the beach drift through active management (from uphill of road to beach, above to below trails. Volume Placed (CY) Cubic Yards Restoration of Sediment Supply (Passive) Reconnection to sources of native materials to contribute to beach function. Area treated (Acres) Shoreline Armor Removal: The removal of shoreline armoring structures or bulkheads. Modification Removal Invasive species treated/removed: The control or removal of invasive or exotic species (e.g. Spartina). Could include measures to actively remove existing invasive plants or animals at a proposed site or to prevent establishment of such species after construction is complete. (This may also apply to (Change in Size/Location/Character) Modification of Structure through reducing size, location or character, restore beneficial ecological processes Removal of structure. Area regained (sqft Y/N and # acres (to nearest whole acre) of estuary treated. Eradication Eradication of exotic plants or animals currently occupying a site Area treated (sqft) Prevention Control measures to prevent establishment of invasive species after construction Area treated (sqft) Y/N and # acres (to nearest whole acre) of estuary treated. (Species treated) Upland, nontidal instream or riparian projects ) Creation of New Estuarine Area: Creation of an estuarine area where one did not exist previously using methods not including tidegates or dikes. Fill Placement Placement of fill to raise elevations to allow for proper terrestrial function. Could be to overcome past excavations, to raise portions of a site above tide level for upland vegetation. Area (Sqft) Regrading of Slope Shaping of terrestrial or aquatic slopes to achieve proper function. Usually done with land based equipment. Area (Sqft) Sewage clean-up Clean-up of sewage outfall. Y/N and # acres (to the nearest whole acre) cleaned up. Toxin reduction Clean-up or prevention of mine tailings, herbicides, pesticides, or toxic sediments. Y/N and # acres (to the nearest whole acre) cleaned-up. Modifications to stormwater/wastewater and drainage into stream to improve water quality. Y/N and # acre feet of stormwater treated or modified Stormwater / wastewater modification or treatment Bacterial pollution Improvement of water quality through addressing bacterial pollution. Y/N Hypoxic/anoxic conditions (dissolved oxygen) Improvement of water quality through addressing hypoxic/anoxic conditions caused by pollution and eutrophication. Y/N Heavy metal pollution Improvement of water quality through addressing heavy metal pollution. Y/N Y/N and # acres (to nearest whole acre) of estuary created. Pesticide pollution Improvement of water quality through addressing pesticide pollution. Y/N
