Download definitions - St. Joseph`s High School Crossmaglen

YEAR 10 MUSIC REVISION LIST – SUMMER 2014
In unison- playing the same thing together
In harmony- 2 or more different parts played at the same time
Ensemble- a group of musicians playing/singing together
Solo- one musician performing alone
VOICES
Bass- Lowest male voice
Tenor- a higher male voice
Alto- a lower female voice
Soprano – the highest female voice
To accompany- to play along with. eg. a piano or a guitar can accompany a soloist.
Song Structure -go to www.learneverythingabout.com & click on song structure
MUSICAL GENRES
Baroque music- 1600 to 1750.
Classical music- 1750 to 1820
Romantic music- 1820 to 1910
20th Century music- 1910 to present day
LISTEN TO EXAMPLES OF:Indian Music
Irish Folk music
Jazz music
Salsa (popular form of Latin-American dance music)
Cuban Sons (the root of Latin American music)
TONALITY
Major- happy sound!
Minor- sad sound!
Atonal- the use of only full tones (eg. C, D, E, F#, G#, A#, C)
Serial- 20th century music that uses a definite order of semitones.
Arpeggio Bass- an arpeggio accompaniment eg. C, E, G, C, E, G, C, E, G, C, E, G,
etc.
Ground Bass- A musical line in the bass that is continually repeated throughout
Pedal- a single note held or repeated (usually in bass), while music continues
Sequence- the repetition of a passage at a higher or lower pitch
The metre/ Time-Signature- Refers to the number of beats in each bar of the music
An octave- a musical interval of eight tones eg. low C up to high C.
An arpeggio- where the notes of chords are played separately eg. C, E, G, C, G, E, C
Stepwise music- moving by one tone at a time, either ascending or descending.
One drop rhythm- Reggae style- the bass drum plays on the 1st and 3rd beats of 4/4
time.
Waltz- a dance in ¾ time- there are 3 beats in each bar.
Gavotte- a French Baroque Folk dance in 4/4 time (4 beats in each bar)
Techno- style of dance music with electronic sounds and high-energy, rhythmic beat.
Riff- a repeated pattern within a song
Reverb/delay- an echo or repetitions of sound.
Glissando- a rapid sliding up or down the scale on a musical instrument.
Disco- dance music, melodic with a regular bass beat, intended mainly for dancing.
Hi Hat Cymbal-2 cymbals and a stand used as part of a drum kit.
Harpsichord-a keyboard instrument whose strings are plucked by quills or plectrums
Binary Form- a piece of music with two sections, A and B.
Reggae-a music genre that first developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s
Ballad- a simple song with a number of verses, often written about sentimental issues
Motown- style of music combining rhythm and blues, pop, or gospel rhythms.
Punk- a fast abrasive style of rock music of the late 1970s
Rock’n Roll- music from the 1950s, characterized by a heavy beat and simple
melodies.
Clubdance- a technology-based, with the DJ playing an important role in mixing.
Soul- Began in USA in 1950s combining African American, gospel and R&B music.
Repetition- to repeat notes or parts
Variation- a repetition of a theme in which the rhythm, harmony, or melody is
changed
Diatonic Steps- A major or Minor scale consisting of 5 tones and 2 semitones.
Chromatic Steps- movement in semitones/ half steps
CHORDS
Know the chords of I, IV and V (1, 4 and 5).
eg. In C major – chord 1= C, chord 4 =F and chord 5= G.
eg. In D major – chord 1= D, chord 4 =G and chord 5= A
To change a Major scale to a Minor scale, flatten the 3rd note.
eg. C Major= C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C
C Minor= C, D, Eb, F, G, A, B, C
CADENCES
A Perfect Cadence sounds as though the music has come to an end.
A perfect cadence is formed by the chords V - I. (eg. chord G to chord C)
An Interrupted cadence is a 'surprise' cadence. You think you're going to hear a perfect
cadence, but you get a minor chord instead.
eg. Chord V – VI (eg. chord G to A minor)
An Imperfect cadence sounds unfinished. It sounds as though they want to carry on to
complete the music properly.
An imperfect cadence ends on chord V.
A Virtuosic musician is a musician with masterly ability, technique, and personal style.