Download Africa- update on the phytosanitary_situation

UPDATE OF PHYTOSANITARY
SITUATION IN AFRICA
FOR CDC MEETING
SOUTH KOREA MAY 2016
Ms STELLA ORAKA
REPRESENTATIVE FOR AFRICA
Introduction
Countries in Africa have been watching helplessly
as million dollar worth of agricultural products are
lost to destructive pests /diseases in most cases no
confirmed remedy has been offered.
Some of these pests ,eg tomato pest, Tuta
Absoluta which has been referred to as Al-shabaab
by agricultural experts.
Other plant pests are Banana Bunchy top,
Coconut lethal yellowing disease, weed invading
plants, or serious weed pests, and others.
The good news is that these problems have been
identified and solutions are being worked on.
Adult moth & larva of T. Absoluta
Damage of calyx by T. Absoluta
Tuta Absoluta in Africa
 KENYA: Tuta Absoluta ,nicknamed the tomato
‘Al-shabaab’ by agricultural experts, because of
its unimaginable loss in its wake. Found in Isiolo
in 2014
 Up to 90% tomato crop loss reported and an Ag.
researcher referred it as an absolute nightmare
 Some predict that Kenyans might soon start
buying tomatoes at very high prices.
 the effectiveness of chemical control is limited
due to insect’s nature of damage and its rapid
development of insecticide resistant strains
Tuta Absoluta in Africa (Contd)
Kenya has embarked on elaborate trapping
program and pest management that includes:
integrated pest management- use of traps,
introduction of biological control agents and
imposition of quarantine in affected areas.
Tuta Absoluta in Africa (Contd)
 Nigeria: Farmers refer to T. Absoluta as ‘Tomato
Ebola’. Consumers of fresh tomatoes are
switching to pastes, as ravaging insect pest has
destroyed about 40 percent of anticipated
harvest, causing scarcity and up to 105% rise in
prices of fresh tomato fruits.
 Affected farmlands is in the north, the country’s
predominant tomato production areas.
 Supplies from neighbouring countries have been
resorted to, yet demand cannot be met.
Spread of T. Absoluta in Africa
Spread of Southern Africa
CLIMEX- a Software to predict spread
of Tuta Absoluta
 A team of Virginia Tech, USA researchers to
apply new computer methods of modeling and
simulation, previously used in infectious disease
research to halt their spread insect pest.
 CLIMEX, a software modeling program is normaly
used to estimate the geographical distribution of
an insect, and insect life tables and analysis of an
insect’s life cycle.
 Introducing human movement into the equation
is a new angle to modelling and simulation. It can
be applied to any agricultural invasive species.
Banana Diseases West Africa
Banana Bunchy top
Burundy
Banana Diseases
UGANDA: GM banana with improved resistance to
a black sigatoga disease, Mycosphaerella fijiensis,
proved promising in confined field trials.
Building Research Capacity "[The project] is a
stepping stone for subsequent breeding programs
and genetic engineering programmes. We can now
do transformations of other varieties of bananas
and other crop species," said Settumba Mukasa,
banana expert
Banana Diseases require global mapurges FAO
 4 Banana Diseses: Bunchy top disease and
banana bacterial wilt threaten the food security
of 70 million & black leaf streak and says FAO in
4th Session of Sub-Group on Bananas, Rome.
 Required Activities for the Map: Locate banana
and plantain production areas, define diseases ,
systematically sample crops for the diseases or
use existing information. monitoring spread to
non-affected areas and creating buffer zones.
Banana Diseases require global mapurges FAO ( contd)
 Efforts to conserve the genetic diversity of
bananas: The consevation centre set up under an
agreement signed by Catholic University of
Leuven in Belgium and the International Plant
Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI).
 The university’s expertise in freezing plant
material without damaging it recognized and the
basis for agreement.
 In the 1950s, Gros Michel wiped out, replaced by
Cavendish, also under threat by a new strain
fungal disease.
Parthenium hysterophorus, a weed
invading Ethiopia
Emerging pests and food security
 ETHIOPIA:Invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus
compounds drought and famine situation. One of
world’s worst weeds entered East Africa from Americas
in 1970s. Called “Faramsissa,” meaning “sign your land
away.”
 3 Biocontrol agents:leaf-feeding beetle Zygogramma,
stem-boring weevil Listronotus, and beetle Smicronyx
are to be released to control the weed.
 Over next 5 years project will be scaled up and
biocontrols agents also released in Tanzania, Kenya and
Uganda.
Recent Workshops on pest control and
evaluation in Africa
3RD Meeting of the Tephritid Workers of
Europe, Africa and the Middle East (TEAM), 11
– 14 April 2016, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Standardizing Sampling and Bioassay Methods
for Assessing Field Performance of Sterile
Male Lepidoptera, 2 – 3 July 2016, Durban,
South Africa.
Dormancy Management to Enable Insect
Mass-rearing, 15 – 17 April 2016,
Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Recent Workshops on pest control and
evaluation in Africa
FAO/IAEA First Coordination Meeting of
Regional Project Enhancing Capacity for
Detection, Surveillance and Suppression of
Exotic and Established Fruit Fly Species
through Integration of Sterile Insect Technique
with Other Suppression Methods (under
Regional TC Project RAF5074), 11 – 15 July,
2016, Maputo, Mozambique
Coconut lethal yellowing Outbreak
Coconut lethal yellowing Outbreak
 CÔTE D’IVOIRE: Coconut lethal yellowing- caused
by a phytoplasma (bacteria without a cell wall),
attacks and destroys leafy canopy of coconut
palms leaving behind decapitated trunks. Spread by
sucking insects.
 Already killed millions of coconut palms in Ghana
and Tanzania is now strongly expanding in Côte
d'Ivoire.
 Destroyed hundreds of hectares of coconut
plantations, threatening the livelihoods of farmers
and causing social troubles..
Pest Control measures to resolve
trade restrictions
 Fruitfly on mango fruit, Kenya: Mango farmers
optimistic 5-year ban by EU due to use
dimethoate and fruit flies may be lifted due to
successful insect trapping.
 Using traps provided by Kenya Plant Health
Inspection Services caused a drastic drop in
fruitfly population in target areas.
 600 insects trapped per week dropped to two or
none per month says Linah Kemboi, Chemurgui.
Pest Control measures to resolve
trade restrictions (Contd)
 Vegetables, Ghana: CABI launched a Public-Private
Partnership (PPP) with GAVEX – a vegetable export
association, to remove EU trade restictions on
horticulture export.
 CABI works with the Plant Protection and Regulatory
Services Division to strengthen the enforcement of
government regulations, technical expertise on food
safety and phytosanitary standards, proper use of
agricultural inputs, like seeds and pesticides, and good
agricultural practices and business conduct.
 3,500 farmers supply GAVEX, benefits from partnership
Pest Control measures to resolve
trade restrictions (Contd)
Cowpea, Nigeria: Training by EU on GAP
A number of Nigerian productive sectors face
quality issues
Farmers, traders, wholesalers and exporters
employ chemical treatments without any
coordination, high contents of pesticide residues, very
often multiple times the maximum residue limits
Furthermore, some of the pesticides used in
Nigeria are challenged for potentially causing
cancer
Exports of dried beans to EU suspended until June
2016
Areas requiring strengthening
Coordination
Cooperation
Communication
Motivation for change
Quality management,
hazard control and
record keeping
Cooperatives for joint
investment and
improved quality
management
Good practice
Export issues
Farmer information
Case studies in 4 agricultural chains
Value chain
analysis
Stakeholder
consultation
Incorporation
into NQI
Resource persons from EU and
participants
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION