Download Ideas from three monotheistic religions helped shape democratic

Prologue
Section 2 – JudeoChristian Tradition
Ideas from three monotheistic religions helped shape
democratic traditions.
Judaism
• Religion of the
Hebrews
• Monotheists
• “People are created
in God’s image”
• Moral Freedom
• Written Code of
Laws (10
Commandments)
(1300-1200 BCE)
• This law focused
on morality and
ethics.
• Prophets (8th
century)
The Ten Commandments
I. I am the Lord thy God… Thou shalt have no other gods
before me.
II. Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven images…
III. Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in
vain…
IV. Remember the Sabbath day and keep it holy.
V. Honor thy father and they mother…
VI. Thou shalt not kill.
VII. Thou shalt no commit adultery.
VIII.Thou shalt not steal.
IX. Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor.
X. Thou shalt not covet…. Anything that is thy neighbors.
Christianity
• Rome took control of Judea circa 63
B.C.
• Jesus of Nazareth
was Jewish and
Roman.
• 29 C.E. Jesus “King
of the Jews” visits
Jerusalem.
• Roman Governor
considered him a
political threat.
• Jesus was put to death by Crucifixion.
Pietà, Michelangelo, 16th c.: Jesus' mother Mary holds the body of her dead son
• According to his followers he rose from the
dead three days later and ascended into
Heaven.
• Jesus became referred to as Jesus Christ.
• Christos in Greek translates to “savior”.
• The word Christianity was derived from the
name Christ.
Islam
• Founded in the Early 600s.
• Islam is based on the
teachings of Muhammad.
• Muhammad’s teachings are
found in the holy book
known as the Qur’an.
• Emphasized the dignity of all
humans and brotherhood of
man.
• A belief in the bond of community lead to a
tolerance for different groups within the
community.
• Followers of Islam are known as Muslims.
• Rulers are forced to obey the same laws as those
they rule.
• Required to show religious tolerance to Hebrews
and Christians.
Renaissance
• By the Middle
Ages the Roman
Catholic Church
was the most
powerful
institution in
Europe.
• Expected
unquestionable
obedience
• The Renaissance (French
for Rebirth) would start in
the 1300s.
• Marked by sudden
interest in classical
culture.
David, by Michelangelo. The Accademia Gallery, Florence.
• Old
monuments,
paintings, and
statues were
being
restored.
• Renaissance thinkers
were interested in
earthly life.
Rembrandt ‘s self portrait
(1662)
Rembrandt ‘s famous painting "Anatomical Lecture"
• Renaissance Education was intended to prepare
some for public education instead of just the
church.
• Scholars placed increasing value on subjects
concerned with humankind and culture.
• Renewed studies in
classical texts.
• Intellectual
movement was
concerned with
human potential
and achievement.
• Renaissance Thinkers and writers began to explore
ideas about political power and the role of
government in the lives of ordinary people.
• Renaissance
stressed
individualism.
St Jerome in his study by Antonello da Messina.
• Explorers
demonstrated
it by traveling
to uncharted
areas.
SUCH AS???
A modern replica of Drake's Golden Hind
Sir Francis Drake English 1540 – 1597
Circumnavigates the World
Sir Walter Raleigh
English
1552 – 1618
The Discovery of
Guiana and
establishing the
Virginia colony of
Roanoke Island in
(1584)
Marco Polo
Italian
1254 – 1324
Exploration of
China and Asia
Ferdinand Magellan
Portuguese
1480 – 1521
First voyage around
the World by this
famous explorer
Christopher Columbus
Italian / Spanish
1451 – 1506
Discovery of the New
World by this famous
explorer
Francisco Pizarro
Spanish
1478 – 1541
Famous Explorer who
conquered the Incas
of Peru
Amerigo Vespucci
Italian / Spanish
1454 – 1512
America was named
after this famous
explorer
Vasco da Gama
Portuguese
1469 – 1524
Discovery of an ocean
route from Portugal
to the East by this
famous explorer
Juan Ponce de Leon
Spanish
1460 – 1521
First European
explorer to set
foot in Florida
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
Spanish
1510 – 1554
First European to explore the Southwest of North
America in Arizona and New Mexico
Hernando Cortes
Spanish
1485 – 1547
Spanish
conqueror of
Mexico and
the Aztec
Empire
Estevanico
North African
1500 – 1539
Exploring Texas and
Southwest America
and heralded as
having been “the
first African in
North America.”
The Reformation Challenges Church Power
• People began questioning the church in
Germany in 1517.
• Those who wanted to reform the
Catholic Church were called Protestants.
• Reformers stressed the importance of a
direct relationship with God.
• A monk and
teacher named
Martin Luther
criticized the
church for selling
pardons for sins.
• Protestantism encouraged people to
make their own religious
judgments.
• New churches were established.
- Lutheran, Presbyterian, Calvinists,
Anglican.